The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution

Ch. 9.1

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain New Ways of Working

• Before this period, most products were handmade – problem?

• Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine made goods instead of handmade products. What are the pros and cons?

• Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s – Why?

The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way for Industrialization

• Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by poorer village farmers

• Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges

Importance1) Enclosures allow experimentation with

new agricultural methods 2) Poor farmers became tenant farmers,

some just quit and moved to the cities (factory workers)

Inventions Spur IndustrializationNew Techniques were Used

Rotating Crops• Crop rotation—switching

crops each year to avoid depleting the soil

• Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply

(between 1700 - 1786 lamb weights claimed from 18 to 50 lbs.)

• Population increased

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England

• Industrialization— machine production of goods

• Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors

• Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment

• People moving from small farms to the city looking for work.

• Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital (wealth)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc&feature=related

ActivityDivide yourselves into teams of three.You will be assigned one of the following to present to

the class in 10 minutes.1) What did your inventor devise? 2) How did your inventor contribute to the production

of goods?3) Define significance to the development of an

industrialized society- James Watt - Richard Trevithick - Matthew Boulton - George Stephenson - Robert Fulton - John Kay- James Hargreaves - Samuel Crompton- Edmund Cartwright - Jethro Tull

James WattSteam Engine for Factories

Matthew BoultonEntrepreneur who funded Watt

to build his engine

Robert Fulton – put steam engine in boat

Steamboat Clermont

James Hargreaves – powered spinning wheel = spinning jennyone spinner can work 8 threads

at a time

John Kay – flying shuttle

Samuel Cromptoncombined spinning jenny & water

frame = spinning mule

-Jethro Tull

Edmund Cartwright – power loom

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toV9uIDIJMs&feature=related

Richard Trevithick – Steam-Driven Locomotive

George Stephensonbuilt the Rocket

Jethro Tull – seed drill

Inventions Spur Industrialization

Watt’s Steam Engine• Need for cheap, convenient

power spurs development of steam engine

• Used to run factories

• James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton

Matthew Boulton• Boulton an entrepreneur—

organizes, manages, • takes business risks

Inventions Spur Industrialization

Water Transportation• Robert Fulton builds first

steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807

• England’s water transport improved by system of canals

Road Transportation• British roads are

improved; companies operate them as toll roads

Inventions Spur Industrialization Steam-Driven Locomotives• In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first

steam-driven locomotive• In 1825, George Stephenson builds

world’s first railroad line

The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad• Entrepreneurs build railroad from

Liverpool to Manchester• Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged

as best locomotive (1829)

Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain• Railroads spur industrial growth,

create jobs• Cheaper transportation move goods

to market faster & more efficiently boosts many industries; people move to cities