the big idea: all living things are made up of cells key concepts: 1.1: the cell is the basic unit...
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The BIG idea: All living things are made up of cells
Key Concepts:1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things
1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell1.3: Different cells perform various functions
*** TAKE NOTES!!!***
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All organisms are multicellular?
The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F).
Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?
How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?
Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?
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All organisms are multicellular?◦ Some are
The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F).◦ True
Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?◦ Animal
How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?◦ 17,000
Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?◦ Bacteria is everywhere!
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/scientificmethod.html
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Unit of Measure: m = micrometer 1 m = 10-9 m = one millionth of a meter Cell size ranger ~1 m to 1000 m
◦ 17,000 bacteria cells to reach across a dime
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What is the difference between light and electron microscopes?
Light Microscope◦ Bends light to make objects appear bigger than
they are◦ Can observe living things◦ Limited to > 0.2 m
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)◦ As small as 0.002 m ◦ Cannot view live specimens
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Scanning Electron Microscope◦ Cell sample is coated in a heavy metal, electrons
are sent towards the cell, the electrons bounce back, are detected, and a 3-D image of the surface is produced.
Transmission Electron Microscope◦ Cell is sliced extremely thin◦ Electrons pass through a section◦ Images appear 2-D
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All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic◦ Euk: genetic material stored in the nucleus
Most multicellular◦ Prok: stored in cytoplasm (no membrane)
Most unicellular
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Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic cells◦ Two main compartments: nucleus and
cytoplasm.◦ Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, central
vacuole, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondrion, cell membrane
◦ Animal cells have lysosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic retilum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesticles, mitochondrion, cell membrane
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Cell Wall: protects and supports the cell Ribosomes: gather materials a cell needs to
build important molecules called proteins Chloroplasts: where sunlight is used to
make sugar (Photosynthesis!) Mitochondria: organelles that use oxygen to
process food for energy
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In the cytoplasm…starting materials:◦ Endoplasmic reticulum
processes materials it gets from ribosomes to manufacture proteins and parts of the cell membrane
Also involved in transport: vesicles transport processed material to Golgi apparatus Golgi Apparatus: pancake like. Finishes processing
materials from endoplasmic reticulum.
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Vacuoles◦ Can hold water, waste, and other materials.◦ Plant: Large central vacuole to store water, etc.◦ Animal cells do not have central vacuole.
Have lysosomes which are vacuoles that contain chemicals that break down materials
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Names Organelle drawing Analog drawing
Similar functions
Cell Organelles
City Analogies
Cell Membrane City border
Cell Wall City Wall
Cytoplasm Lawns
Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system
Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard
Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS
Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants
Nuclear MembraneCity Hall Fence with
security guard
Mitochondria Energy Plants
Nucleus City Hall
DNAOriginal Blueprints or the
city
RNA Copies of Blueprints
Nucleolus Copy Machine
Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
VacuoleWarehouses, water towers
or garbage dumps
Protoplasm Air or atmosphere
Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints
Proteins Lumber or bricks
We will design a giant cell mural for the wall using the organelle/city drawings.
Cool Resource:http://www.cellsalive.com/ Cool Resource:http://www.cellsalive.com/
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To write a number in scientific notation:
Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes.
In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be 1.23
To find the exponent count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number.
In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as:
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1) An oxygen atom measure 14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across. Write the width of the oxygen atom in standard form as a decimal number0.00000000014
2) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in scientific notation
1.4 x 10-10m
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3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter across. Write its width in standard form and in scientific notation
4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number in scientific notation.
5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a meter in width. Express the width in standard form and in scientific notation