TENNIS UNDER-

WATER, THE NEW

FAD OF DUBAI!

CYCLOPIA SEEKS

TO REHABILITA-

TE LONDON

TRAIN STA-

TIONS CLO-

SED.

TTTHE HE HE BBBIG IG IG NNNEWSEWSEWS

FOTOVOLTAI-

COS ULTRA-

EFFICIENT

DESIGNS

Nº 23/07/2015

FLOW BAT-

TERIES FOR

STORAGE OF

LARGE SCALE

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

Electronic EngineeringElectronic Engineering

ArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture

EDITORIALEDITORIAL

PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE IS A IS A IS A DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. THIS RELATIONSHIP OR THIS RELATIONSHIP OR THIS RELATIONSHIP OR IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT GENERATED ICT IN THEGENERATED ICT IN THEGENERATED ICT IN THE WORLD WORLD WORLD OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITEC-OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITEC-OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITEC-TURE HAS HELPED CREATURE HAS HELPED CREATURE HAS HELPED CREATE, TE, TE, PLAN, DEPLOY, MANAGEPLAN, DEPLOY, MANAGEPLAN, DEPLOY, MANAGE, , , EVA-EVA-EVA-LUATE AND MONITOR INFORLUATE AND MONITOR INFORLUATE AND MONITOR INFORMA-MA-MA-TION SYSTEMS SYNERGITION SYSTEMS SYNERGITION SYSTEMS SYNERGISTI-STI-STI-CALLY INTEGRATING ORCALLY INTEGRATING ORCALLY INTEGRATING ORGANIZA-GANIZA-GANIZA-TIONS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE ITS TIONS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE ITS TIONS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE ITS COMPETITIVENESS FORM.COMPETITIVENESS FORM.COMPETITIVENESS FORM. THEREFORE INVOLVE SCIENTIFIC THEREFORE INVOLVE SCIENTIFIC THEREFORE INVOLVE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SKILLS PERSO-AND TECHNICAL SKILLS PERSO-AND TECHNICAL SKILLS PERSO-NAL SKILLS AS. THE LNAL SKILLS AS. THE LNAL SKILLS AS. THE LATTER MAY ATTER MAY ATTER MAY BE MENTIONED AS EXAMPLES BE MENTIONED AS EXAMPLES BE MENTIONED AS EXAMPLES TEAMWORK, CREATIVITYTEAMWORK, CREATIVITYTEAMWORK, CREATIVITY, , , COM-COM-COM-MUNICATION OR SELFMUNICATION OR SELFMUNICATION OR SELF---CRITICAL CRITICAL CRITICAL ABILITIES. INDUSTRY ABILITIES. INDUSTRY ABILITIES. INDUSTRY (BUONOPANE, 1997)(BUONOPANE, 1997)(BUONOPANE, 1997)

REQUIRED AND EXPECTED ENGREQUIRED AND EXPECTED ENGREQUIRED AND EXPECTED ENGI-I-I-NEERS AND ARCHITECTSNEERS AND ARCHITECTSNEERS AND ARCHITECTS POS-POS-POS-SESS A WIDE RANGE OF THESE SESS A WIDE RANGE OF THESE SESS A WIDE RANGE OF THESE PERSONAL SKILLS WHILE A HIGH PERSONAL SKILLS WHILE A HIGH PERSONAL SKILLS WHILE A HIGH DEGREE OF TECHNICAL COMPE-DEGREE OF TECHNICAL COMPE-DEGREE OF TECHNICAL COMPE-TENCE. SIMILARLY, MATENCE. SIMILARLY, MATENCE. SIMILARLY, MANY INSTI-NY INSTI-NY INSTI-TUTIONS AND ENGINEERING AS-TUTIONS AND ENGINEERING AS-TUTIONS AND ENGINEERING AS-SOCIATIONS (ASEE 199SOCIATIONS (ASEE 199SOCIATIONS (ASEE 1994, GRI4, GRI4, GRIN-N-N-TER, 1995; ABET, 199TER, 1995; ABET, 199TER, 1995; ABET, 1997, CAE, 1993; 7, CAE, 1993; 7, CAE, 1993; BATES ET AL, 1992) IBATES ET AL, 1992) IBATES ET AL, 1992) INCLUDE THIS NCLUDE THIS NCLUDE THIS ASSESSMENT IN THEIR RE-ASSESSMENT IN THEIR RE-ASSESSMENT IN THEIR RE-PORTS. THE DEVELOPMENT AND PORTS. THE DEVELOPMENT AND PORTS. THE DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING OF THESE SKILLS IS LEARNING OF THESE SKILLS IS LEARNING OF THESE SKILLS IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF, LIKE SCIENTI-POSSIBLE ONLY IF, LIKE SCIENTI-POSSIBLE ONLY IF, LIKE SCIENTI-FIC KNOWLEDGE, SU EMBODI-FIC KNOWLEDGE, SU EMBODI-FIC KNOWLEDGE, SU EMBODI-MENT IS A PROCESS OFMENT IS A PROCESS OFMENT IS A PROCESS OF SELFSELFSELF---STUDENT.STUDENT.STUDENT. THE ICT IMPACT HAS PTHE ICT IMPACT HAS PTHE ICT IMPACT HAS PROVIDED ROVIDED ROVIDED ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS DEVELOP, ORGANIZE, MAINTAIN DEVELOP, ORGANIZE, MAINTAIN DEVELOP, ORGANIZE, MAINTAIN AND UPDATE ANY INFORMATION AND UPDATE ANY INFORMATION AND UPDATE ANY INFORMATION SYSTEM, IN ADDITION TO HEL-SYSTEM, IN ADDITION TO HEL-SYSTEM, IN ADDITION TO HEL-PING COMPANIES TECHNOLOGI-PING COMPANIES TECHNOLOGI-PING COMPANIES TECHNOLOGI-CALLY INNOVATE ITS WAY TO CALLY INNOVATE ITS WAY TO CALLY INNOVATE ITS WAY TO TRANSMIT AND CONTROLTRANSMIT AND CONTROLTRANSMIT AND CONTROL YOUR YOUR YOUR INFORMATION OPTIMA, INFORMATION OPTIMA, INFORMATION OPTIMA, RELIABLE RELIABLE RELIABLE

CREDITOSCREDITOS

CoordinadorCoordinadorCoordinador

Yisbel OrtegaYisbel OrtegaYisbel Ortega

Secretario GeneralSecretario GeneralSecretario General

Andrés ObertoAndrés ObertoAndrés Oberto

Diseño GraficoDiseño GraficoDiseño Grafico

Yisbel OrtegaYisbel OrtegaYisbel Ortega

Redacción Redacción Redacción

Andrés ObertoAndrés ObertoAndrés Oberto

Ilustración de la PortadaIlustración de la PortadaIlustración de la Portada

Yisbel OrtegaYisbel OrtegaYisbel Ortega

ColaboradoresColaboradoresColaboradores

Yisbel OrtegaYisbel OrtegaYisbel Ortega

ArquitectaArquitectaArquitecta

“Santiago Mariño” “Santiago Mariño” “Santiago Mariño” ---

Ciudad OjedaCiudad OjedaCiudad Ojeda

Andrés ObertoAndrés ObertoAndrés Oberto

IIIng.. Electrónicang.. Electrónicang.. Electrónica

“Santiago Mariño” “Santiago Mariño” “Santiago Mariño” ---

Ciudad OjedaCiudad OjedaCiudad Ojeda

Cancha bajo el agua en Dubái Cancha bajo el agua en Dubái Cancha bajo el agua en Dubái

pag. 6pag. 6pag. 6

Ciclotopía en Londres busca rehabilitar Ciclotopía en Londres busca rehabilitar Ciclotopía en Londres busca rehabilitar

estaciones de tren cerradas estaciones de tren cerradas estaciones de tren cerradas

pag.8pag.8pag.8

Diseños fotovoltaicos ultraDiseños fotovoltaicos ultraDiseños fotovoltaicos ultra---eficientes eficientes eficientes

pag. 11pag. 11pag. 11

Baterías de flujo para el almacenamien-Baterías de flujo para el almacenamien-Baterías de flujo para el almacenamien-

to de energía renovable a gran escalato de energía renovable a gran escalato de energía renovable a gran escala

pag.13pag.13pag.13

SUMARIOSUMARIO

Krzysztof Kotala architect designed Krzysztof Kotala architect designed Krzysztof Kotala architect designed

an underwater field you plan to do an underwater field you plan to do an underwater field you plan to do

at sea. The project will require bet-at sea. The project will require bet-at sea. The project will require bet-

ween 1.7 and 2.5 million.ween 1.7 and 2.5 million.ween 1.7 and 2.5 million.

In that city already exists highest In that city already exists highest In that city already exists highest

court tennis world, in which Federer court tennis world, in which Federer court tennis world, in which Federer

and Agassi met in 2005.and Agassi met in 2005.and Agassi met in 2005.

Dubai has the highest tennis court Dubai has the highest tennis court Dubai has the highest tennis court

in the world that located at the Burj in the world that located at the Burj in the world that located at the Burj

Al Arab hotel in which they played a Al Arab hotel in which they played a Al Arab hotel in which they played a

legendary match Roger Federer legendary match Roger Federer legendary match Roger Federer

and Andre Agassi, on February 22, and Andre Agassi, on February 22, and Andre Agassi, on February 22,

2005, to 321 meters. Now, in one of 2005, to 321 meters. Now, in one of 2005, to 321 meters. Now, in one of

the most luxurious cities in the the most luxurious cities in the the most luxurious cities in the

world also they plan to build an un-world also they plan to build an un-world also they plan to build an un-

derwater tennis courts.derwater tennis courts.derwater tennis courts.

Kotala architect Krzysztof Kotala architect Krzysztof Kotala architect Krzysztof

"designed a tennis court submarine "designed a tennis court submarine "designed a tennis court submarine

to join the wonder of sport and na-to join the wonder of sport and na-to join the wonder of sport and na-

ture in a scenario full of visual exci-ture in a scenario full of visual exci-ture in a scenario full of visual exci-

tement" and so the idea is to make tement" and so the idea is to make tement" and so the idea is to make

it into the sea.it into the sea.it into the sea.

Now, of course, is finding Krzysztof Now, of course, is finding Krzysztof Now, of course, is finding Krzysztof

investors. The stadium devised to investors. The stadium devised to investors. The stadium devised to

do in Dubai, with capacity for 10 do in Dubai, with capacity for 10 do in Dubai, with capacity for 10

thousand people would demand to thousand people would demand to thousand people would demand to

build between 1.7 and 2.5 million.build between 1.7 and 2.5 million.build between 1.7 and 2.5 million.

Tennis underwater, the new Tennis underwater, the new Tennis underwater, the new

fad of Dubai!fad of Dubai!fad of Dubai!

Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against

all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which

will cross the city along 25 kilometerswill cross the city along 25 kilometerswill cross the city along 25 kilometers---comes the comes the comes the

original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and

subway stations for use by cyclists.subway stations for use by cyclists.subway stations for use by cyclists.

"Now that London has reached the population in its "Now that London has reached the population in its "Now that London has reached the population in its

history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-

tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of

Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-

tionary "London Underline".tionary "London Underline".tionary "London Underline".

The project consists of an underground and com-The project consists of an underground and com-The project consists of an underground and com-

plementary cyclist subway network, which would be plementary cyclist subway network, which would be plementary cyclist subway network, which would be

used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-

hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network

would connect stations with high passenger traffic, would connect stations with high passenger traffic, would connect stations with high passenger traffic,

such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-

taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-

tural venues.tural venues.tural venues.

Thanks to technology Pavegen Thanks to technology Pavegen Thanks to technology Pavegen ---the "Smart tile" for the "Smart tile" for the "Smart tile" for

converting the movement into energy by bearing converting the movement into energy by bearing converting the movement into energy by bearing

materials piezoeléctricosmaterials piezoeléctricosmaterials piezoeléctricos--- bicycles in transit could bicycles in transit could bicycles in transit could

be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input

would be anchored to the municipal bikes would be anchored to the municipal bikes would be anchored to the municipal bikes

"underground" (although the network could be used "underground" (although the network could be used "underground" (although the network could be used

by anyone with his own bike).by anyone with his own bike).by anyone with his own bike).

 "If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-"If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-"If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-

se tradition and innovation and find new uses for se tradition and innovation and find new uses for se tradition and innovation and find new uses for

what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which

has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-

way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-

ject" in the London Planning Awards.ject" in the London Planning Awards.ject" in the London Planning Awards.

The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman

Foster.Foster.Foster.

With the same idea, only reusing sections of highWith the same idea, only reusing sections of highWith the same idea, only reusing sections of high---

Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect

Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the

creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-

llow the route of the railway lines and join the main llow the route of the railway lines and join the main llow the route of the railway lines and join the main

London stations.London stations.London stations.

The study of Norman Foster has gone The study of Norman Foster has gone The study of Norman Foster has gone ---consumado consumado consumado

cyclistcyclistcyclist--- dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to

build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in

the City and surroundings. The proposal includes the City and surroundings. The proposal includes the City and surroundings. The proposal includes

the construction of 200 entry points and at least a the construction of 200 entry points and at least a the construction of 200 entry points and at least a

dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to

12,000 riders per hour.12,000 riders per hour.12,000 riders per hour.

The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where

this week begins construction of what is arguably this week begins construction of what is arguably this week begins construction of what is arguably

the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized

by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-

curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye

with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016, with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016, with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016,

with rigor stop in Westminster.with rigor stop in Westminster.with rigor stop in Westminster.

"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-

don in 2016.don in 2016.don in 2016.

CYCLOTOPIA SEEKS TO CYCLOTOPIA SEEKS TO REHABILITATE LOREHABILITATE LON-N-

DON TRAIN STATIONS CLOSED...DON TRAIN STATIONS CLOSED...

Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against Days after Mayor Boris Johnson impelled against

all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which all odds the "superhighway" of two wheels which

will cross the city along 25 kilometerswill cross the city along 25 kilometerswill cross the city along 25 kilometers---comes the comes the comes the

original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and original proposal to reopen the closed tunnels and

subway stations for use by cyclists.subway stations for use by cyclists.subway stations for use by cyclists.

"Now that London has reached the population in its "Now that London has reached the population in its "Now that London has reached the population in its

history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-history, we need to be creative to maximize the po-

tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of tential of their infrastructure," said Ian Mulcahey of

Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-Gensler study, which has just proposed the revolu-

tionary "London Underline".tionary "London Underline".tionary "London Underline".

The project consists of an underground and com-The project consists of an underground and com-The project consists of an underground and com-

plementary cyclist subway network, which would be plementary cyclist subway network, which would be plementary cyclist subway network, which would be

used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-used not only for bicycles, also for pedestrians wis-

hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network hing to dodge traffic on the surface. The network

would connect stations with high passenger traffic, would connect stations with high passenger traffic, would connect stations with high passenger traffic,

such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-such as Charing Cross and Holborn, and trasplan-

taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-taría tunnels life at street with shops, cafes and cul-

tural venues.tural venues.tural venues.

Thanks to technology Pavegen Thanks to technology Pavegen Thanks to technology Pavegen ---the "Smart tile" for the "Smart tile" for the "Smart tile" for

converting the movement into energy by bearing converting the movement into energy by bearing converting the movement into energy by bearing

materials piezoeléctricosmaterials piezoeléctricosmaterials piezoeléctricos--- bicycles in transit could bicycles in transit could bicycles in transit could

be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input be enough to illuminate the tunnels, whose input

would be anchored to the municipal bikes would be anchored to the municipal bikes would be anchored to the municipal bikes

"underground" (although the network could be used "underground" (although the network could be used "underground" (although the network could be used

by anyone with his own bike).by anyone with his own bike).by anyone with his own bike).

 "If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-"If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-"If we move forward in our cities, we have to fu-

se tradition and innovation and find new uses for se tradition and innovation and find new uses for se tradition and innovation and find new uses for

what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which what already exists," remarks Ian Mulcahey, which

has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-has recognized the interest in the idea. The Under-

way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-way just be honored as the "best conceptual pro-

ject" in the London Planning Awards.ject" in the London Planning Awards.ject" in the London Planning Awards.

The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman The "Skycycle" London reinterpreted by Norman

Foster.Foster.Foster.

With the same idea, only reusing sections of highWith the same idea, only reusing sections of highWith the same idea, only reusing sections of high---

Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect Victorian railway that still ply London, the architect

Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the Sam Martin proposed a couple of years ago the

creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-creation of a bicycle paths network that would fo-

llow the route of the railway lines and join the main llow the route of the railway lines and join the main llow the route of the railway lines and join the main

London stations.London stations.London stations.

The study of Norman Foster has gone The study of Norman Foster has gone The study of Norman Foster has gone ---consumado consumado consumado

cyclistcyclistcyclist--- dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to dubbed Skycycle project, which aims to

build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in build a network of 220 kilometers to "fly" cycling in

the City and surroundings. The proposal includes the City and surroundings. The proposal includes the City and surroundings. The proposal includes

the construction of 200 entry points and at least a the construction of 200 entry points and at least a the construction of 200 entry points and at least a

dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to dozen routes, with capacity to accommodate up to

12,000 riders per hour.12,000 riders per hour.12,000 riders per hour.

The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where The "ciclotopía" is taking shape in London, where

this week begins construction of what is arguably this week begins construction of what is arguably this week begins construction of what is arguably

the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized the most segregated bike lane in Europe. Criticized

by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-by cyclists for increasing accidents and lack of se-

curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye curity, Mayor Boris Johnson plans to say goodbye

with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016, with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016, with a long historical pedaling east to west in 2016,

with rigor stop in Westminster.with rigor stop in Westminster.with rigor stop in Westminster.

"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-"Superhighway" Una of two wheels will visit Lon-

don in 2016.don in 2016.don in 2016.

CYCLOTOPIA SEEKS TO CYCLOTOPIA SEEKS TO REHABILITATE LOREHABILITATE LON-N-

DON TRAIN STATIONS CLOSED...DON TRAIN STATIONS CLOSED...

A solar cell of four connections, de-

veloped by engineers at the Fraun-

hofer Institute for Solar Energy Sys-

tems, Soitec and two other re-

search organizations, achieved a

record efficiency of 44.7% at con-

verting sunlight into electricity in

September 2013. The structure of

this solar cell is composed of four

sub-cells made with different semi-

conductor materials, each designed

to absorb different ranges of wave-

length of the solar spectrum.

Before this discovery in the same

year, a team led by Dr. Harry Atwa-

ter, a physicist at the California Ins-

titute of Technology, developed a

prototype ultra-efficient solar cell

concept integrating a multi-

connection using a beam splitting

technology Spectral. The design

enables efficient division of the

spectrum of sunlight for six to eight

wavelengths, each producing a dif-

ferent color of light passing through

a cell made of a semiconductor that

can absorb specific. The final de-

sign of technology is estimated to

be able to achieve a conversion ef-

ficiency could exceed 50%.

The design of the first prototype

uses a reflective metal to collect

sunlight and direct it to a specific

angle in the solar panel with multi-

ple solar cells. The broad spectrum

of sunlight is divided into different

colors as it passes through the

structure, finding a number of opti-

cal filters. In addition, the team of

Dr. Atwater is also involved in the

development of two other designs

based on this pioneering concept.

One uses nanoscale optical filters

for filtering the light coming from

any angle. The other uses a holo-

gram instead of filters to split the

spectrum. Which of these designs

offer the best performance is yet to

be seen.

FOTOVOLTAICOS ULTRAFOTOVOLTAICOS ULTRAFOTOVOLTAICOS ULTRA---EFFICIENT DESIGNSEFFICIENT DESIGNSEFFICIENT DESIGNS

A team of engineers from the Mas-

sachusetts Institute of Technology

(MIT) designed a flow battery low

cost to store electricity from rene-

wable sources on a large scale.

Using a prototype developed with

this innovative technology, the bat-

tery showed that getting signifi-

cantly more than most lithium-ion

batteries and other commercial and

experimental energy storage sys-

tems performance.

The reagents used in the storage

device based on a composite of

(less expensive) liquid bromine and

hydrogen solution incorporating la-

minar flow technology that allows

liquids undergo electrochemical

reactions between two electrodes in

two parallel separate streams

without a membrane .

In addition, in January 2014 a team

of scientists and engineers from

Harvard University showed flow a

new battery technology that uses

organic molecules called quinones

(available in abundance in crude oil

and green plants), instead of using

electrolytes precious metals such

as vanadium and platinum. As a re-

sult, the new flow battery techno-

logy offers a cost effective means

large-scale renewable energy stora-

ge from wind and solar sources in

the network.