the bioclimatologic features of turkish spa resorts prof dr hatice gÜrdal istanbul university,...
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![Page 1: The Bioclimatologic Features of Turkish Spa Resorts Prof Dr Hatice GÜRDAL Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052618/551c2ed5550346a34f8b624c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Bioclimatologic
Features of Turkish
Spa Resorts
Prof Dr Hatice GÜRDALIstanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology Department
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• Spa treatment is performed as a complex cure system under the influence of local climato therapeutic factors, together with other comprehensive therapy methods
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• At first , each guest who came to health resort, exposes to the climatic conditions
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• The climatic features of the health – spa resort have a great influence on human health and recreation.
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• Meteorological analysis and interpretation of thermo physiologically effectiveness of health spa resort climate is important
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• Thus medical doctors are able to obtain better information about the special bioclimatic features of the resorts, to agree them with the individual physiological parameters of the guest and develop a cure therapy programs
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• Turkey lies between the northern 36-42 latitudes and the eastern 26-45 longitude
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• Turkey has Subtropical Climate in Mediterranean Region
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• There are mainly 7 geographical regions
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The Climate Varies From Region to Region
• Marmara, Aegean and the Mediterranean:Typical Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters
• Black Sea Coast:Temperate climate with warm summers, mild winters and relatively high rainfall
• Central Anatolia:Hot, dry summers and cold winters
• Eastern Anatolia:Long snowy, cold winters and mild summers
• South-East Anatolia:Hot summers with mild, rainy winters
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Number ofThermomineral
Spring
Marmara Region 76
Aegean Region124
Middle Anatolia 104
Mediterranean Region 17
Black Sea Region 13
East andSouth- East Anatolia 37
Total number of spring
371
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• Middle Anatolia and the Aegean region have got the most of the spas in Turkey. Marmara region follows these regions as the number of health spa centers
(82% of Turkey).
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• The description of the climatic conditions of Middle Anatolia and inland Aegean are continental, coastal Aegean and Marmara regions are maritime.
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05
1015202530354045
nu
mb
er
of
sp
as
50 51-300
301-600
601-1000
1001-1300
1301-1600
1601
altitude (meter)
The Altitudes of Turkish Spa Centers
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• The Most of the Health Spa’s are at 600 - 1300 m. Altitude (50% of Turkey)
• Few of them covered by forests, most of them are not .
• Dominating bioclimatic features are moderately stimulating factors
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Health Spa Cure Centers in Middle Anatolia
• Mild Stimulant• Ankara-Beypazarı• Niğde- Çiftehan• Konya -Ilgın• Kırşehir-Terme
• Strong Stimulant• Sivas- Kangal• Yozgat -Boğazlayan• Eskişehir• Ankara- Kızılcahamam
Ankara- Haymana
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Health Spa Cure Centers in Aegean Region
• Coastal Region• İzmir-Balçova• İzmir- Çeşme• Muğla-Köyceğiz • Aydın -Kuşadası
• Inland Region• Afyon- Oruçoğlu,
İkbal, Sandıklı
• Kütahya- Harlek, Yoncalı
• Denizli-Pamukkale, Karahayıt
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Health Spa Cure Centers in Marmara Region
• Coastal Region • Armutlu• Çanakkale-Ezine• Istanbul-Tuzla
• Inland Region• Yalova -Termal• Bursa- Askeri Hasth.,
Kükürtlü, Oylat• Bolu• Gönen• Adapazarı-Kuzuluk
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ANNUAL AVERAGE PRECIPITATION OF TURKEY
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LONG TERM MEAN TEMPERATURE OF TURKEY
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Altitude-Annual Mean Temperature
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Alt
itu
de
(m
.)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Te
mp
era
ture
(ºC
)
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Stimulative Bioclimatological Effects Inland Regions at Moderate Altitude in
Turkey
• Decreased atmospheric temperature
• Decreased atmospheric humidity• Increased wind activity • Decreased sultry days • Increased night chilling • Decreased antropogenic pollution • Increased global / UV-radiation
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Altit
ude(
m)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Diffe
renc
e( ºC
)
Yükseklik (m.) Seriler 1 Temmuz-Gece Gündüz Sıcaklık Farkı
Altitude and The Differences of Daily Temperature in July
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Unfavorable Bioclimatologic Factors At the Middle High Mountain Region
• Especially at night cold stress can be expected in summer period
• There is a few sultry days in the summer period
• There hasn’t been any measures about air pollutant at Spa centers
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Alti
tude
(m.)
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
Yükseklik (m.) 15 ºC'nin altındaki gece sayısı
Altitude - The Number of the Cold Night (Under 15°C )
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Number of foggy days per year
• Balçova 1• Ezine 4• Kızılcaham. 5• Yalova 7
• Gönen 46• Bolu 32• Oylat 22• Ayaş 20
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Annual Duration of Sunshine must be higher than 1500 hours
(The climatic Limits for spa center by Deutscher Heilbäderverband )
All of Turkish Spa centers receive more than 1500 hrs/year
• Balçova 3000• Ezine 2800• Yalova 2400• Gönen 2600
• Bolu 2200• Oylat 2400• Kızılcahamam 2400• Ayaş 2600
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The Number of Sultry Days Per Year
• Beypazarı 628 m. 10-15 days/year
• Ayaş 720 m. 1-2 days/year• Eskişehir 801 m. none• Kırşehir 985 m. 1-2
days/year• Kızılcaha. 1002 m. none• Ilgın 1030 m. none• Haymana 1225 m. none• Nevşehir 1260 m. none• Sivas 1285 m. none• Kangal 1545 m. none
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Sultry Days at Continental Climate
( inland )of Turkey
• 0 – 500 m• 500 – 1000 m• 1000 – 1500 m• > 1500 m
10-15 sultry days5-10 sultry daysa few sultry daysnone sultry days
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Sultry Days in Summer Period are Mostly in South West Regions ( Teq>56.0ºC )
• Fethiye - Gebeler• İzmir - Balçova • İzmir - Çeşme• Çanakkale - Ezine• Yalova - Armutlu• İstanbul - Tuzla
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Altitude-The Number of Hot Days (Upper 20,25,30 C )
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Fethiy
e
Edrem
it
Bursa
Denizl
iBolu
K.h
amam
Afyon
Haym
ana
Kanga
l
Alt
itu
de
(m
.)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Th
e N
um
be
r o
f H
ot
Da
ys
Yükseklik (m.) Seriler 1Seriler 6 20 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler25 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler 30 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler
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• İzmir - Çeşme 1• Tuzla - İstanbul 5-15• İzmir - Balçova 60• Gönen 37• Ezine 90• Bursa - Çekirge 220• Yalova Termal 105• Denizli - Sarayköy 169
Coastal / Marine climate Coastal / Marine climateSeashore urban climatePlate with low altitudeCoastal / Marine climateUrban climateValley / Forest climateValley
Turkish Spa Center at Low Altitude (m)
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Turkish Spa Centers at Middle High Altitude (m)
• Bolu 750• Oylat - İnegöl 840• Kızılcahamam 975• Ankara-Ayaş 720• Niğde - Çiftehan 1200• Konya - Ilgın 1027
Forest climateForest climateForest climateForest climatePlateau climatePlate at high altitude
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Turkish Spa Center at High Altitude (m)
• Erzurum 1690• Sivas - Kangal 1600• Ağrı - Diyadin 1500• Yozgat 1350• Haymana 1300• Niğde - Çiftehan 1200• Kütahya - Harlek 1050
Mountain climateMountain climateMountain climateMountain climatePlateau climatePlateau climatePlateau climate
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Thank you for your attention !