the body anatomy and physiology lesson 3 short and long term effects of...
TRANSCRIPT
Monday 5th Feb 2018
The Body – Anatomy and Physiology
Lesson 3 – Short and Long term Effects of Exercise
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation – the bodies response to temperature change (too hot or too cold) in order to ensure the organs remain at a safe temperatureVaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation – the dilatation (widening) of the blood vessels (capillaries) close to the surface of the skin to allow increased blood flow to the skin to enable cooling via the cool air (appear red)Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction - the constriction (narrowing) of the blood vessels (capillaries) close to the major organs to decrease flow to them when we are too hot – blood gets shunted to the surface of the body insteadEvaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation – the process of sweating when we are too hot. Increased sweat removes excess heat from the body which then evaporates from the skin into the atmosphere.Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate – The number of beats per minute. This increase during exercise to transport more oxygen and glucose to the working muscles and support the removal of waste products (Carbon Dioxide etc)Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume – The amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat. This increase during exercise as the demand for more oxygen and glucose increases.Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate – The number of breaths per minute. This increases during exercise as the need for oxygen increases.Tidal Volume
Starter TaskDefine these key words from last week and apply them to the immediate effects of exercise
Thermo-regulation
Vaso-dilation
Vaso-constriction
Evaporation
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume – the volume of air taken in per breath. This increase during exercise as the need for oxygen increases.
Physiological Effects of Exercise Monday 5th Feb
Immediate
Effects
Short Term
Effects
Long Term
Effects
Start
Exercising
10-24 hr
post-
exercise
Following a
training
programme –
months/ years
Time
The focus of today’s lesson
To identify the short and long term effects of exercise on the
body
To explain why the effects of exercise occur
Physiological Effects of Exercise
Immediate
Effects
Short Term
Effects
Long Term
Effects
Start
Exercising
10-24 hr
post-
exercise
Following a
training
programme –
months/ years
Time
Think about when you have done some high intensity
exercise.
How did your body feel over the next 24 hours?
Discuss with each other
In the hours and days after exercise the body experiences the following effects:
1. Tiredness and fatigue 2. Light headedness3. Nausea (sick feeling)4. Aching muscles/DOMS and sometimes muscle cramps.
Short term effects of exercise
As a result of exercise individuals may experience tender and painful muscles up to 48 hours after exercise. This is called DOMS.
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
This muscle soreness is a result of structural damage to muscle fibres and connective tissue surrounding the fibres.
Physiological Effects of Exercise
Immediate
Effects
Short Term
Effects
Long Term
Effects
Start
Exercising
10-24 hr
post-
exercise
Following a
training
programme –
months/ years
Time
As you would
expect,
training
causes the
body to adapt
and grow
stronger
The following body systems are particularly
affected:
the skeletal system
the muscular system
the circulatory system
the respiratory system
How?
The long term effect of exercise – circulatory system
Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart – this is called
cardiac hypertrophy
The heart becomes bigger.
The walls become thicker and
stronger.
The stroke volume increases.
Your resting heart rate gets slower as you get fitter, because
the heart needs fewer beats to pump blood round the body.
Training also results in new capillaries growing to improve
the supply of blood to the muscles.
The result is that the heart
becomes a more efficient pump.
The long term effect of exercise – respiratory system
Training makes the lungs more effective
at supplying the body with oxygen.
New capillaries
grow around the
alveoli, making
gas exchange
more efficient.
The muscles involved in
breathing in and out become
stronger and can work for longer
(diaphragm, intercostals).
Vital capacity (the maximum
amount of air that can be inhaled
in one breath) increases.
The long term effect of exercise – skeletal system
Exercise has been shown to increase
bone density and strength.
Stronger, denser bones are better
at carrying weight and more
resistant to injury.
The increase in bone density is
specific to the activity – walking
will strengthen your leg bones,
but not your arm bones.
Both aerobic exercise and weight
training are effective in increasing
bone strength, but the activity must
be weight-bearing.
The long term effect of exercise – muscular system
Training obviously has a large effect on the muscles.
The other effects will depend on the type of training.
Weight and power training
increases the strength of muscles.
The number of fast twitch fibres
increase. Muscles increase in size.
New capillaries grow in and around the
muscles to supply them with blood.
Endurance training makes
muscles able to work for
longer. The number of slow
twitch fibres increase.
© EMPICS Ltd
© EMPICS Ltd
Homework
Research and label the key anatomy of the circulatory, respiratory, muscular and skeletal body systems on the worksheet provided – will support your next piece of work after half term.
Ensure you spell each label correctly.
Due Monday 26th Feb (after half term)
Also – Ensure you have made an appointment for tomorrow evening with Mrs Grainger! Appointments will be with me in the lower atrium.