the body works? part 2 - university of victoria · 2016-12-02 · •the neurons in these two...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Body Works?Part 2
Part of the UVic Retirees Association (UVRA)
Elder Academy Program
Presenters: David Docherty, Ph.D., withChris Pengilly, M.D., Mike Bassett, M.D.and Dr. Helen Martindale. Ph.D., O.D.
![Page 2: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentations: in two parts
1.The anatomy and function of four new selected systems
2.Things that can go wrong and the medical interventions commonly available
Reminder: Slide presentations available:https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/elderacademy
![Page 3: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
4 New Systems
• The Brain-Dr. Mike Bassett
• The Endocrine System-Dr. Chris Pengilly
• The Respiratory System-Dr. Chris Pengilly
• The Special Senses (Vision)-Dr Helen Martindale
![Page 4: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
The Eye and Vision
![Page 5: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Overview of presentation
• Basic anatomy of the eye
• How the eyes see/work
• How the eyes are examined
• Some of the more common conditions related to aging (and maybe a few less common ones!)
• Possible treatments to the common conditions
![Page 6: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Accessory Structures
![Page 7: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Accessory structures
![Page 8: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
The Layers of the Eye!
•Outer-Sclera; cornea•Middle-Choroid•Inner-Sensory
![Page 9: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
The 3 Layers of the Eye
![Page 10: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Action of the pupillary m. of the eye
![Page 11: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
X Ray of Cross Section
![Page 12: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Bird’s Eye View
![Page 13: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Chambers of the Eye
![Page 14: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Circulation of the Aqueous Humor
![Page 15: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Photograph taken through the Pupil
![Page 16: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
From: Dr. Charlotte Hazel
(High acuity vision)
(Centre of the macula)
![Page 17: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
From: Dr. Charlotte Hazel
(Also within the macula)
![Page 18: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• By Photograph: Danny Hope from Brighton & Hove, UKDiagram: User:Zyxwv99 - Photograph: File:Righ_eye_retina.jpg (which come from My Right Eye)Diagram: Own work ( User:Zyxwv99 ), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36685094
![Page 19: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Retina
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Neural retina typically refers to three layers of neural cells (photo receptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells) within the retina, while the entire retina refers to these three layers plus a layer of pigmented epithelial cells.
![Page 20: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Cellular Organization
![Page 21: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Diagrammatic View of Cells
![Page 22: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How we see! http://www.brainhq.com/brain-resources/brain-facts-myths/how-vision-works
•Perception•Mechanics
![Page 23: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
How we see!• Visual perception begins as soon as the eye
focuses light onto the retina, where it is absorbed by a layer of photoreceptor cells. These cells convert light into electrochemical signals, and are divided into two types, rods and cones, named for their shape.
• Rod cells are responsible for our night vision, and respond well to dim light. Rods are found mostly in the peripheral regions of the retina, so most people will find that they can see better at night if they focus their gaze just off to the side of whatever they are observing.
![Page 24: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Cone cells are concentrated in a central region of the retina called the fovea; they are responsible for high acuity tasks like reading, and also for color vision. Cones can be subcategorized into three types, depending on how they respond to red, green, and blue light. In combination, these three cone types enable us to perceive color.
• Signals from the photoreceptor cells pass through a network of interneurons in the second layer of the retina to ganglion cells in the third layer.
![Page 25: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes within an image; these changes might indicate edges or shadows.
• Ganglion cells gather this information along with other information about color, and send their output into the brain through the optic nerve
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQjiO3tmk0w
![Page 26: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Light is refracted by the lens!
![Page 27: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
The Optic Nerve
![Page 28: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Human Anatomy, 3rd editionPrentice Hall, © 2001
Visual Pathways
Part of the thalamus
![Page 29: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
For more detail on the retina and how the eyes work
• https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-adk-adk_sbnt&hsimp=yhs-adk_sbnt&hspart=adk&p=videos+on+how+the+eyes+work#id=26&vid=63e228ef5630615c1634a2ef613d791e&action=view
![Page 30: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
http://www.medicinenet.com/eye_diseases_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
Complications as we grow older
![Page 31: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Eye Exam
![Page 32: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Complete Eye Examination
• Vision
• External Exam
• Pupils
• Motility Exam
• Anterior Segment
• Ophthalmoscopy
• Intraocular Pressure
• Peripheral Vision
![Page 33: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Eye Exam!
![Page 34: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Which line can you read?
![Page 36: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Subject Specific Eye Charts
![Page 37: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
By Jcricket1 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
php?curid=42808605
OCT
![Page 38: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What are you looking for?
![Page 39: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Floaters
![Page 40: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Optic nerve damage in Glaucoma
![Page 41: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Glaucoma and the visual fields
![Page 43: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cataracts
![Page 46: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
How to Treat Cataracts
![Page 47: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cataract Surgery
![Page 48: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Age-related Macula Degeneration (AMD)
http://www.slideshare.net/hmirzaeee/agerelated-macular-degeneration
![Page 49: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Rosenfeld P, Martidis A, Tennant M. Chapter 6.27. Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology. 3rd Ed, 2008. Elsevier.
A common, chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the macula that affects older individuals and features central visual loss as a result of drusen deposition, geographic atrophy, detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, and neovascularization.
![Page 50: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Soft Drusen
![Page 51: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Atrophy
![Page 52: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Exudation
![Page 53: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Very advanced scarring
![Page 54: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Risk Factors for AMD
Rosenfeld P, Martidis A, Tennant M. Chapter 6.27. Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology. 3rd Ed, 2008.
Elsevier
Not Modifiable
• Genetic disease with inflammation playing a role
• Dysregulation of complement pathway leading to aberrant inflammatory response
• Women > men
• Caucasians > blacks
• Light iris colour > dark iris colour
Modifiable
• Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
• Oxidative damage due to cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension and smoking
• Inflammation
• Diet
• Phototoxicity
![Page 55: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Treatment
• Traditional Laser
• Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
• Drugs to prevent growth of blood vessels (Anti VegF)
( Avastin, Lucentis , Macugen)
• Combination Therapy
![Page 56: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
New Possibilities I
• Emixustat (pill for dry AMD from Acucela)
• Gene Therapy
• Transplants of Retinal Tissue
• VegF-TRAP (Eyelea)
![Page 57: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
New Possibilities II
•I Ray (radiotherapy from Oraya)•AAQ ( chemical to make other retinal cells work like photoreceptors)•Photo Voltaic cells•Stem cells•Anti-VegF given by eyedrop
![Page 58: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Intravitreal Injection
![Page 59: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
OCT of Healthy Macula
![Page 60: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
OCT showing fluid
![Page 61: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Lutein?
Year 1 Year 2
![Page 62: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Case Study: Marie
With permissiong: Phototake.com 006312A000001 (top); Phototake.com 006312A000002 (bottom)
Pre-treatment: Retinal thickness 305 µm, VA 20/80
Post-ranibizumab treatment:Retinal thickness Month 6 - 172 µm, VA
20/40
What changes can you identify from the OCT images From before and after treatment?
![Page 63: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Diabetic Retinopathy
![Page 64: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Treatment
• There is no cure for diabetic retinopathy.
• But laser treatment (photocoagulation) is usually very effective at preventing vision loss if it is done before the retina has been severely damaged.
• Surgical removal of the vitreous gel (vitrectomy) may also help improve vision if the retina has not been severely damaged.
![Page 65: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Detached Retina
![Page 67: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Macular pucker/hole
New chemical treatment (Jetrea)
![Page 70: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Uveitis
![Page 71: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Dr. A. Karanth (www.ophthalclass.blogspot.com
![Page 72: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Corneal Ulcer
![Page 73: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
http://www.slideshare.net/sameep94/corneal-ulcers
![Page 74: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Strabismus (Crossed Eyes)
![Page 75: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Eye Allergies
![Page 76: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Conjunctivitis
![Page 77: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Colour blindness
![Page 78: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Astigmatism
![Page 80: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Visual problems
• Far sightedness
• Short sightedness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcedXDN6a88
![Page 81: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. This cone shape deflects light as it enters the eye on its way to the light-sensitive retina, causing distorted vision.
![Page 82: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
From: Dr. Y.S. Rathore
![Page 83: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Night Vision
Nice tapetum Lucidum
The aging cornea and lens in the eye become less clear as we age, causing light to scatter inside the eye, which increases glare. ... Our ability to resist glare and see reflective road signs and markings also decreases with age.
![Page 84: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Take home message
• Pain is not a good indicator of the severity of the problem.
• Painless loss of vision-seek help immediately
• Answer is to have regular check ups with your eye doctor
![Page 85: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Questions?
Questions?
![Page 86: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
UVRA Elder Academy: Upcoming series
• Mini Med School
– January 14th, 21st, 28th, February 1st, 8th and 15th
– Presenters: Sergiy Shatenko and Samuel Harder
• The German Lied Series
– March 4th, 11th, 25th (Saturday) and April 2nd
(Sunday)
– Presenters: Harald (pianist) and Sharon Krebs (soprano)
![Page 87: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
In the planning (April-July)
• Native plant series
• Astronomy series
• Nutrition series
• The chemistry of wine making
• Visit to labs in Exercise Science.
![Page 88: The Body Works? Part 2 - University of Victoria · 2016-12-02 · •The neurons in these two retinal layers exhibit complex receptive fields that enable them to detect contrast changes](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed86913b7394006ce6024c8/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Healthy Retina
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
• Supplies photoreceptor with nutrients (white arrows)
• Pumps out waste out (blue arrows)
Photoreceptors RPE Choroid
Marmor MF. Chapter 6.2. Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology. 3rd Ed, 2008. Elsevier