The Body’s Physical Systems

Psych 1216 - Health Psych

The Neuron

Neural Communication

Neural CommunicationNeurotransmitter molecule

Receiving cellmembrane

Receptor site onreceiving neuron

Agonist mimicsNeurotransmittereffects

AntagonistblocksNeurotransmittereffects

CNS: Forebrain

Telencephalon Limbic System Cerebrum

Diencephalon Thalamus &

Hypothalamus

Corpus callosum

The Limbic System

Brain stem

The Cerebral Cortex

The Nervous System

Central(brain and

spinal cord)

Nervoussystem

Autonomic (controlsself-regulated action of

internal organs and glands)

Skeletal (controlsvoluntary movements of

skeletal muscles)

Sympathetic (arousing)

Parasympathetic (calming)

Peripheral

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Endocrine System

The Digestive System

The Digestive System Disorders

Peptic Ulcers sores usually in the duodenum

Hepatitis Viral inflammation of the liver

Cirrhosis Cancer

Metabolism

Basal Metabolic Rate Exercise Metabolic Rate Dietary Thermogenesis

The Respiratory System Mechanical action: moving air in and out of the

lungs

Gas Exchange: respiration - in the alveoli, CO2 (toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood stream

Protective mechanisms: sneezing, cough, mucous production

Impaired function: Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer

The Cardiovascular SystemBlood transport of nutrients and waste removal from

tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution.

The Heart: A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the coronary arteries

Blood pressure: Systolic=120 mmHg, Diastolic=80 mmHg. Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions.

Blood composition: red and white cells, platelets and plasma

Cardiovascular disorders: mostly related to blood vessel damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue damage)

The Cardiovascular System

Heart Myocardium

Atria and Ventricles Blood Flow

http://www.innerbody.com/image/card02.html

Blood Pressure Systole & Diastole

Systolic: max force from contraction

Diastolic: pressure between contractions

Fluid Dynamics Cardiac output Blood volume Peripheral resistance Elasticity of vessels Viscosity of blood

Blood Pressure

Other factors that affect BP Emotions: SNS Environmental Temperature Activity levels

Hypertension >140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic Risk factors

family Hx body weight age gender race

Diseases of the Cardiovascular

System

Myocardial Infarction Angina Pectoris Stroke

Immune System

Organs of the immune system lymphocytes: white blood cells

from lymphatic or lymphoid organs: bone marrow thymus lymph nodes spleen

lymph nodes capture antigens and hold lymphocytes

lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply can spread cancer cells

spleen filters blood

Soldiers of the Immune System

White blood cells phagocytes: nonspecific immunity

macrophages and monocytes lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens

T-cells: cell-mediated immunity Killer T cells Helper T cells Memory T cells Suppressor T cells

Soldiers of the Immune System

B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity B-cells produce plasma cells which produce

antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig) Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for

destruction Memory B-cells

The Immune Response

First lines of defense skin mucous membranes of respiratory and

digestive tractsNext: non-specific and specific

immune processes phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells

Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded cells

Auto-immune Diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis: joints

Rheumatic fever: heart muscle

Multiple Sclerosis: myelin

Lupus erythematosus: skin and kidneys

Multiple Sclerosis: myelin on axons