CH. 12 SEC 3-4The break down

DESIDERUIS ERASMUS

Best known Christian humanist Believed in the “philosophy of Christ”

which means Christians should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis not just provide beliefs to save them.

Looked to reform the catholic church from within, not break away from it.

His ideas did however spark the way for reformation

NEED FOR REFORM

Corruption!!! Popes too concerned with politics and

worldly interests ex. Julius II led armies against his enemies

Leaders of the church failed to meet their responsibilities to the people

Worldly –wise clergy had little interest in the spiritual needs of the people

This paved the way for change

MARTIN LUTHER A Monk and Professor at Wittenberg

Believed that Humans are not saved through good works but only by their faith in God

His justification by faith became the chief

teaching of the protestant reformation

Bible is the only source of religious truth

Creates and sends out the ninety-five theses

NINETY-FIVE THESES

An attack on the practices of selling indulgences.

What are indulgences? Thousands of copies spread through-

out Germany What was created during this time that

some many could be made?

BREAK IN THE CHURCH

3 yrs later Luther moves to toward a break of the catholic church

He calls for princes to over throw the papacy in Germany and start new reformed state churches

Calls for Clergy to be allowed to marry Catholic Church excommunicates him and

with the Edict of Worms declares him an outlaw, his works burned and to be arrested

LURTHERANISM

His religious movement becomes a revolution

Rulers support his movement and take control of catholic churches, form state churches supervised by the govt.

Luther sets up new services, bible reading, preaching the word of God, and a song

Lurthernism is the first Protestant faith

LUTHERANISM

1524 Luther faced a political crisis, German peasants revolted against their Lords, looking to Luther for support

Luther supported the Lords, saying that God put them in charge

This made Luther even more dependant on the Lords and Princes to grow his church ideas

POLITICS AND GERMAN REFORM

Charles V same as Charles the I who sacked Rome

What did his empire consist of? Pg 417 Wanted to keep his empire catholic to

preserve unity. German Princes organized and supported

Lutheranism Charles seeks peace and creates the Peace

of Augsburg: accepted the division of Christianity in Germany

CH. 13 SEC 4

Ulrich Zwingli: a priest in Zurich introduced reform in Switzerland

Relics and images were abolished, paintings and decorations removed,

Services of scripture reading, prayer and sermons replaced catholic mass

CALVIN AND CALVINISM

War breaks out between Catholic and Protestant and Zwingli dies

Leadership of the Protestantism in Switzerland now passed down to John Calvin

John Calvin: from France, converts to Protestantism and forced to flee to Switzerland

Writes a book: “Institutes of Christian Religion”

CALVIN AND CALVINISM

Believed like Luther in Justification by faith alone to explain how humans achieve salvation

However he believes in predestination: God had determined in advance who would be saved and who wouldn’t

Calvinism became a dynamic and active faith, they spread there faith to other people.

CALVINISM SPREADS

1536 Calvin began working to reform the city of Geneva

He created a church government. Also creates a special Court called the

Consistory, which enforced moral life and doctrinal purity.

Court would punish, for “crimes” like dancing, singing obscene songs, drunkenness, swearing and playing cards/gambling

CALVINISM SPREADS

Geneva becomes powerful center of Protestantism

Trains missionaries who go all over europe and establish Calvinist churches in France, Netherlands, Scotland and Central & Eastern Europe.

Calvinism replaces Lutheranism as the most dynamic form of Protestantism and Geneva stood as the center of Protestant Reformation.

ENGLISH REFORMATION

Rooted in Politics, not religion King Henry VIII wants to divorce wife.

(no male Heir) Pope won’t Annul/ declare invalid

marriage Henry turns to England's church courts

the Archbishop grants his request and he marries Anne Boleyn and has another girl (Queen Elizabeth I)

ENGLISH REFORMATION

1534 At Henry’s request, Parliament moves to officially break away from the Roman Catholic church

declares King the only supreme head on earth and of the New Church of England. Its Called the Act of Supremacy of 1534

King uses his new power to sell church lands and raise money for treasury and supporters

ENGLISH REFORMATION

Henry dies and His son Edward VI, son form third wife, takes over at just 9 yrs. old

He moves to a more protestant belief, giving clergy the right to marry and creating a new Protestant church service.

Edward dies of tuberculosis at 16

ENGLISH REFORMATION

Mary the Daughter of Henry’s first wife now takes the Throne.

She is catholic and wants to move the country back to Catholicism, but her actions create the opposite affect.

Known as Bloody Mary due to burning 300 protestants she pushes the people to embrace Protestantism even more

ANABAPTIST

Radicals who believed, states shouldn't have religious power

Believed in spiritual rebirth and adult baptism

Believed in Spiritual Equality All Christians were considered priests, and

one in community of believers could be a minister (except women)

Believed in complete separation of church and state

REFORMATION AND SOCIETY Clergy allowed to marry Family now be placed at the center of life with

mutual love between husband and wife However Protestantism still supported the

idea as the husband is the ruler of the home and wife remain obedient and to bear children

Anti-Semitism, still played a role in society, Luther excepted converted Jews but if resisted he often encouraged violence against them

Papal states would place non converting Jews in to segregated ghettos

CATHOLIC REFORMATION Ignatius of Loyola, founded the society

of Jesus, known as the Jesuits Recognized as a religious order By Pope Jesuits took vow of absolute obedience to

the Pope Used education to spread catholic ideas

and restored Catholicism throughout Germany and Eastern Europe

CATHOLIC REFORMATION

Pope Paul III see’s a need for change creates the a Reform Commission in 1537

Commission is to determine the church’s ills/ problems

Commission finds that past Popes corrupt policies are to blame

CATHOLIC REFORMATION Pope Paul III creates the Counsel of Trent This group consists of cardinals, archbishops, abbots and

theologians and they met off and on for 18 years in the city of Trent.

What they Do: 1. Reaffirm that both faith and good works are needed for

salvation 2. The seven sacraments, the Catholic view of the Eucharist

and clerical celibacy were all upheld 3. belief of purgatory and the use of indulgence, (banning the

sale of them)

Result: Now the Catholic church has clear Doctrine/purpose and is unified under the Pope’s Authority, ready to combat other faiths