The Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, Russians & Empire, Russians &

TurksTurks

Chapters 11 Chapters 11

500-1500 CE500-1500 CE

A New Rome A New Rome Byzantium – the Eastern halfByzantium – the Eastern half

JustinianJustinian - 527 CE- 527 CE Emperor of EastEmperor of East Regains Italy, parts of SpainRegains Italy, parts of Spainand North Africa from and North Africa from Germanic tribesGermanic tribes Empress Theodora – Justinian Empress Theodora – Justinian changed laws to marry herchanged laws to marry her

Absolute PowerAbsolute Power Empire & ChurchEmpire & Church

Brutal PoliticsBrutal Politics Often assassinatedOften assassinated ½ died or fled (emperors)½ died or fled (emperors)

Life in the New RomeLife in the New Rome Unique Byzantine’s Unique Byzantine’s

CharacterCharacterShare Roman TraditionShare Roman TraditionSpoke GreekSpoke Greek

Preserves Greco- RomanPreserves Greco- RomanEducationEducationChristianityChristianity

Legal expertsLegal expertsRegulate complex societyRegulate complex societyJustinian Code – single, Justinian Code – single, uniform code of lawuniform code of law

Justinian CodeJustinian Code400 yrs. of Roman Law400 yrs. of Roman Law

1. CODE1. CODE- 5000 Roman laws - 5000 Roman laws

2. DIGEST2. DIGEST- quotes and - quotes and summaries of Rome’s legal summaries of Rome’s legal thinkers.thinkers.

3. INSTITUTES3. INSTITUTES- told - told students how to use the lawsstudents how to use the laws

4. NOVELLAE- new laws - new laws made after 534 CEmade after 534 CE

Life in the New RomeLife in the New Rome

Rebuilding Rebuilding ConstantinopleConstantinopleHagia Sophia – Hagia Sophia –

Christian churchesChristian churchesMajor market placeMajor market placeWorld TradeWorld TradeHippodromeHippodrome

Free entertainmentFree entertainment

Copied RomeCopied RomeBaths, aqueducts, Baths, aqueducts,

law schools/courts, law schools/courts, hospitalshospitals

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

Fall of the EmpireFall of the EmpireJustinian Dies 565Justinian Dies 565Plague of JustinianPlague of Justinian

10,000 die per day10,000 die per dayOn and off for 150yrsOn and off for 150yrs

AttacksAttacksFrom East & WestFrom East & West

Bribes to keep Bribes to keep empire togetherempire togetherMarriage alliances, Marriage alliances,

bribes, military powerbribes, military power

More Results of the FallMore Results of the FallEmpire continues to Empire continues to

shrinkshrink

By 1453 falls to By 1453 falls to Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D50IUZPGPqg

Christian Church DividesChristian Church DividesOfficial Split in 11Official Split in 11thth Century – Pope and Patriarch Century – Pope and Patriarch

excommunicate eachother excommunicate eachother

Roman CatholicRoman Catholic LatinLatin Pope is authority in churchPope is authority in church Priests cannot marryPriests cannot marry Divorce not permittedDivorce not permitted

Virgin Mary & CrucifixVirgin Mary & Crucifix

Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox Greek or local languageGreek or local language Patriarchs & Bishops work Patriarchs & Bishops work

together to lead churchtogether to lead church Priests may marryPriests may marry Divorce is allowed under certain Divorce is allowed under certain

conditionsconditions Icons banned (temporarily)Icons banned (temporarily)

Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic AlphabetOrthodox missionaries Orthodox missionaries

converted Slavs.converted Slavs.New alphabet in local New alphabet in local

languages to enable languages to enable the reading of Christian the reading of Christian Bible.Bible.

Where is it still used Where is it still used today?today?

Russia’s BirthRussia’s BirthEmergence of Russian CultureEmergence of Russian Culture

Slavic + Greek/Byzantine traditions = Russian Slavic + Greek/Byzantine traditions = Russian culture.culture.

Slavs and VikingsSlavs and VikingsVikings settle Vikings settle

among Slavs among Slavs 800s800sVikings and Slavs Vikings and Slavs

mix cultures and mix cultures and become one. become one.

Russia’s BirthRussia’s Birth

City of Kiev – can reach City of Kiev – can reach

Constantinople by river/sea = TradeConstantinople by river/sea = TradeKiev Becomes OrthodoxKiev Becomes OrthodoxKievan RussiaKievan Russia

Vladimir expands Russia Vladimir expands Russia Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise

rules Kiev in 1019. rules Kiev in 1019.

Russian EmpireRussian EmpireYaroslav the WiseYaroslav the Wise

1019- Kiev (Modern Ukraine)1019- Kiev (Modern Ukraine)Marriage alliances w/ W. EuropeMarriage alliances w/ W. EuropeLegal code- commerceLegal code- commerceDivided empire among his sonsDivided empire among his sons

Bad move - Created instabilityBad move - Created instability

The Crusades The Crusades Muslims & Christians clash over Muslims & Christians clash over

holy land – disrupted tradeholy land – disrupted trade

Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion 1200’s – Genghis Khan1200’s – Genghis Khan

Mongols invade from Mongols invade from Central Asia (nomadic)Central Asia (nomadic)

Brutal & Savage HorsemenBrutal & Savage Horsemen

Golden HordeGolden Horde Batu (grandson)Batu (grandson) Demolish Kiev (1240 ce)Demolish Kiev (1240 ce)

““no eye remianed to weep”no eye remianed to weep” Demand $$ & Demand $$ &

Absolute ObedienceAbsolute Obedience Allow local customs Allow local customs

and religions and religions Rule for 200 years, isolation from W. EuropeRule for 200 years, isolation from W. Europe

Russia Breaks FreeRussia Breaks FreeMoscow founded in 1100sMoscow founded in 1100sStrategic position on 3 Strategic position on 3

riversrivers Ivan I – crushes rebellions Ivan I – crushes rebellions

against Mongols, becomesagainst Mongols, becomes

tax collector (Ivan tax collector (Ivan Moneybags), enlarges Moneybags), enlarges territory through war, land territory through war, land purchases, marriage, purchases, marriage, trickery, etc. trickery, etc.

Ivan IIIIvan IIIBecomes prince of Moscow in 1400sBecomes prince of Moscow in 1400sOpenly challenges Mongol ruleOpenly challenges Mongol ruleTakes the name czar and vows to restore Takes the name czar and vows to restore

RussiaRussiaRussia gains freedom in 1480 – refuses to Russia gains freedom in 1480 – refuses to

pay tribute = standoff. Mongols just leave. pay tribute = standoff. Mongols just leave.

The TurksThe Turks

Muslim empire controlled this areaMuslim empire controlled this areaTurks were a nomadic people – had lived Turks were a nomadic people – had lived

in the region for centuries – interacted with in the region for centuries – interacted with Muslim empire (raids, trade, Turkish Muslim empire (raids, trade, Turkish children bought as slaves)children bought as slaves)

Known for military skillsKnown for military skillsBegan converting to Islam and slowly Began converting to Islam and slowly

migrating into weakened Islamic empire in migrating into weakened Islamic empire in 1010thth century century

Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks

Attacked and captured Baghdad (Persian)Attacked and captured Baghdad (Persian)Attacked the Byzantine Empire (did not Attacked the Byzantine Empire (did not

take Constantinople)take Constantinople)Adopted Persian culture and learningAdopted Persian culture and learning

CrusadesCrusades

Crusades – W. Europe tries to recover Crusades – W. Europe tries to recover Jerusalem and drive the Turks out of Jerusalem and drive the Turks out of AnatoliaAnatolia

Armies go through Constantinople and Armies go through Constantinople and capture Jerusalem 1099 – massacre capture Jerusalem 1099 – massacre Muslims and Jews – Latin Chrisian Muslims and Jews – Latin Chrisian kingdom lasts about a centurykingdom lasts about a century

Saladin (Muslim turk) takes back Saladin (Muslim turk) takes back Jerusalem 1187 – signs treaty with Jerusalem 1187 – signs treaty with Richard I of England Richard I of England

Mongols and TurksMongols and Turks

Mongols take Baghdad in 1258 – more Mongols take Baghdad in 1258 – more brutality brutality

Mongol empire crumbled after a few Mongol empire crumbled after a few generations – rise of the Ottoman Empire generations – rise of the Ottoman Empire follows follows