the cardiovascular system by abby bush and josie bernstein
TRANSCRIPT
What is the Cardiovascular System?
- It is a closed circulatory system, which has only blood vessels
- It consists of: the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries
- Responsible for transport
The Heart
- consists of 4 chambers- the chambers are separated by a wall of muscle called a septum- the left ventricle is the largest and strongest of the chambers (it
pushes the blood through the aortic valve and into the body)- consists of 4 valves:
- the tricuspid- the pulmonary - the mitral - the aortic
The Arteries
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.- In pulmonary systems, the roles are opposite.- In the diagram to the right, the red veins carry oxygen-rich
blood away from the heart and the blue veins are carryingoxygen poor blood to the lungs.
- Three layers of tissue: Tunica intima, Tunica media, andTunica adventitia
The Capillaries
- branch off from arterioles- venules take blood from the capillaries- red blood cells in the capillaries release their
oxygen which goes into the surrounding tissue- in exchange, the tissue releases its waste, most
often carbon dioxide (CO2)
Veins
- Similar to arteries except they’re less powerful due to the transportation of blood being at a lower pressure.
- Three layers: an outer layer of tissue, muscle in the middle, and a smooth inner layer of epithelial cells.
- Veins receive oxygen from the Capillaries. - Vein valves are necessary to blood movement
How does the cardiovascular system
maintain homeostasis?
- The simple clear way that the cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis is simply the heart beating continuously to maintain a the flow of blood.
- Heat causes the capillaries to dilate.- The “fight-or-flight” response is also possible because of the
Cardiovascular system.
- Blood clotting is regulated through hemostasis:- as blood accumulates around a vessel, a hematoma presses against
the vessel to stop the bleeding- platelets then come together and form a glue-like substance,
creating a clot- Blood pressure is regulated through the management of cardiac output
and the adjustment of blood vessel diameter
Cardiovascular Diseases
- Hypertension: high-blood pressure - Atherosclerosis: build-up of soft masses beneath the inner lining
of the arteries (cholesterol) - Stroke: A lack of oxygen causes a portion of the brain to die
because of a blockage.- Heart Attack: Oxygen is unable to get to the heart
Hypertension continued
- Diastolic pressure: measures the pressure in your blood vessels when your heart rests
- Systolic pressure: measures the pressure in your blood vessel when your heart beats
What is classified as high blood pressure?
- Under age 45 a reading above 130/90 is hypertensive
- Beyond age 45 a reading above 140/95 is hypertensive.
- While both systolic and diastolic pressures
are important, diastolic pressure is what is
emphasized when medical treatment is
being considered.
Treatment for Hypertension
- Mild hypertension can be treated with simple changes in lifestyle like eating and working out
- Stage 1 hypertension can be treated with thiazide diuretics
- Stage 2 hypertension can be treated with a combination of both thiazide diuretics and an ACE inhibitor, an angiotensin receptor blocker, or a calcium channel blocker
Works Cited
Works Cited"Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center." Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center. 2015. Web. 12 May 2015. <http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Anatomy/>."Blood Vessels." : Capillaries. The Franklin Institute. Web. 12 May 2015. <http://learn.fi.edu/learn/heart/vessels/capillaries.html>.Mader, Sylvia S. Biology. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008. Print.