the carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching scholarship reconsidered: priorities of the...

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate

• The scholarship of discovery• The scholarship of integration• The scholarship of application• The scholarship of teaching


Broadening Scholarship in the Disciplines

• Humanities and Social Sciences• Religion, History, & Geography

• Natural Sciences• Chemistry & Mathematics

• Fine, Performing, and Applied Arts• Architecture, Art and Design, Dance, Landscape

Architecture, Music, & Theatre

• Professional Programs• Business, Journalism and Mass Communication, &

Family and Consumer Sciences


Broadening Scholarship in the Disciplines: Mathematics

• Research in core or applied areas that leads to new concepts, insights, discoveries, structures, theorems or conjectures.

• Research that leads to the development of new mathematical techniques, or new applications of known techniques, for addressing problems in other fields.

• Research in teaching and learning that leads to new insights into how mathematical knowledge and skills are most effectively taught and learned at all levels.


Mathematics - Continued

• Synthesis, or integration, of existing scholarship, such as surveys, book reviews, and lists of open problems.

• Exposition that communicates mathematics to new audiences, or to established audiences with improved clarity, either orally or in writing.

• Development of courses, curricula, or instructional materials for teaching mathematics in K-12 as well as at the college level.

• Development of software that provides new or improved tools for supporting research in mathematics or its applications, for communicating mathematics, and for teaching and learning mathematics.


Broadening Scholarship in the Disciplines: History

• The Advancement of Knowledge

• Original research

• Documentary or critical editions

• Translations

• The Integration of Knowledge• Synthesis of scholarship

• Edited anthologies, journals, or series of volumes comprised of the work of other scholars


History: Application

• Public history• For example, public programming in museums and other

cultural institutions

• Professional service• For example, editing journals and newsletters

• Community service drawing directly upon scholarship• For example, public lectures


History: Teaching

• The Transformation of Knowledge through Teaching

• Student mentoring/advising

• Research, writing, and consulting in history education

• Development of courses, curricula, visual materials, and teaching materials

• Organization and participation in collaborative content-based programs through schools

• Participation in developing and evaluating advanced placement and other forms of assessment

• Museum exhibitions, catalogues, lectures, film, radio–public programs as forms of teaching


Broadening Scholarship in the Disciplines: Art and Design

• Creative Work and Research• Creating Art and Design

• Studying Art and Design

• Advancing the Pedagogy of Art and Design

• Applying Art and Design and Facilitating Art and Design Activities


In the Past Five Years, Has Your College or University Reexamined Faculty Roles and Rewards?

(percentage agreeing)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Baccalaureate

Masters

Doctoral

Research

ALLINSTITUTIONS

Yes,Review Complete

No,Review is Planned

Yes,Review Underway

No,Review not Planned


The Definition of Scholarship Is Being Broadened to Include the Full Range of Activities In Which Faculty Are Engaged.


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Baccalaureate

Masters

Doctoral

Research

ALL INSTITUTIONS


The Definition of Teaching Is Being Broadened to Include Curriculum Development, Advising, and Instructional Research.


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Baccalaureate

Masters

Doctoral

Research

ALL INSTITUTIONS


Applied Scholarship Is Being Clearly Distinguished From Campus and Community “Citizenship” Activity.


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Baccalaureate

Masters

Doctoral

Research

ALL INSTITUTIONS


Examples of New Guidelines

• Kent State University in Ohio, the School of Nursing : five areas considered for tenure and promotion: teaching, discovery, integration, application, and university citizenship.

• Oregon State University defines as scholarship any activity in discovery, integration, application, and teaching that involves 1) new and creative work; 2) that is communicated to others; and 3) that is peer-reviewed.


Documenting Teaching as Scholarly Work

• Making Teaching Community Property: A Menu for Peer Collaboration and Review, by Pat Hutchings (Washington, DC:American Association for Higher Education, 1996).

• The Course Portfolio: How Faculty Can Examine Their Teaching to Advance Practice and Improve Student Learning, edited by Pat Hutchings. (Washington, DC: American Association of Higher Education, 1999).


Documenting Applied Scholarship

• Making The Case for Professional Service, by Ernest Lynton (Washington, DC:American Association for Higher Education, 1995).

• Making Outreach Visible: A Guide to Documenting Professional Service and Outreach, by Amy Driscoll and Ernest Lynton (Washington, DC: American Association of Higher Education, 1999).


Standards of Scholarly Work

• Clear Goals• Adequate Preparation• Appropriate Methods• Significant Results• Effective Presentation• Reflective Critique



• Does the scholar state the basic purposes of his or her work clearly?

• Does the scholar define objectives that are realistic and achievable?

• Does the scholar identify important questions in the field?

Clear Goals:



• Does the scholar use methods appropriate to the goals?

• Does the scholar apply effectively the methods selected?

• Does the scholar modify procedures in response to changing circumstances?

Appropriate Methods:



• Does the scholar achieve the goals?

• Does the scholar’s work add consequently to the field?

• Does the scholar’s work open additional areas for further exploration?

Significant Results:



• Does the scholar use a suitable style and effective organization to present his

or her work?

• Does the scholar use appropriate forums for communicating work to its intended

audiences?

• Does the scholar present his or her message with clarity and integrity?

Effective Presentation:



• Does the scholar critically evaluate his or her own work?

• Does the scholar bring an appropriate breadth of evidence to his or her critique?

• Does the scholar use evaluation to improve the quality of future work?

Reflective Critique:


Assessing Scholarly WorkStandardsfor AssessingScholarship

Discovery Integration Application Teaching

ClearGoals

AdequatePreparation

AppropriateMethods

SignificantResults

EffectivePresentation

ReflectiveCritique

the carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching scholarship reconsidered: priorities of the...

Documents

scholarship of teaching

definition of teaching

forms of teaching slide

carnegie foundation

teaching community property

scholarship of integration

scholarship of application

scholarship of discovery