the central dogma states: genetic information flows in one direction from dna to rna to proteins....
TRANSCRIPT
The Central Dogma• States: Genetic
information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. • Includes 3 processes:
• RNA is the link between DNA and proteins.
– Replication– Transcription– Translation
replication
transcription
translation
• Single nucleotide strand
• Sugar: Ribose• 4 Bases:
–A: Adenine–G: Guanine–C: Cytosine–U: Uracil
• U replaces T• Three Types of RNA
• AKA: mRNA• Function: Copies a section of the DNA code and moves to
a ribosome• Link between DNA and proteins• Allows ribosome to create a protein• Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome
• AKA: tRNA• Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to
the ribosome• Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein• Location: Cytoplasm
Transfer RNAAmino acidProline
Amino acidSerine
Transcription• Defined: Process of making mRNA from a
sequence of DNA• Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA
nucelotides • Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match
with the DNA
Reminder: U replaces T• Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces• Step 4: mRNA processing takes place
– Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together
• Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome• Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again
U|
G|C|A|A|G|U|C|A|U|U|C|
G|
DNA vs. RNA• # of strands: Two (Double)• Sugar: Deoxyribose• Bases: A T C G• Location: Nucleus
• # of strands: One (Single)• Sugar: Ribose• Bases: A U C G• Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm
Replication vs. Transcription• Enzymes: DNA Helicase and DNA
Polymerase• Base pairing rules:
• A=T, G=C• Copies: DNA
• Only one copy of DNA is made
• Location: Nucleus
• Enzymes: RNA Polymerase
• Base pairing rules:• A=U, G=C
• Copies: a gene• Many copies and types of
RNA are made• Location: Nucleus
DNA & RNA Comparison
Review• Name three different ways that DNA and RNA
differ.• Which RNA:
– is found inside the nucleus?– transports amino acids to the ribosome?– exits the nucleus to the ribosome?– copies the DNA code?– makes up the structure of ribosomes?
• Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created.T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C