the changing collections context: trends in library resource management - constance malpas

The world’s libraries. Connected.

The Changing Collections Context: trends in library resource management

OCLC Asia Pacific Regional Council

Kuala Lumpur | 3 September 2012

Constance MalpasProgram OfficerOCLC Research

Follow me @ConstanceM

reflections on Asian Ascendanceand some


Trading Places

Source: “If US Cities Were Countries, How Would They Rank?” www.theatlantic.com (July, 2011)

San Francisco = Thailand?

http://www.theatlantic.com/


In a world where the information environment is increasingly flat

Academic collections are increasingly alikeDiscovery is increasingly dis-intermediated Global supply chains provide frictionless fulfillment

libraries are increasingly challenged to demonstrate distinctive value, need to leverage shared capacity to

Reduce investment in redundant operationsRedirect resources toward renovated library service

portfolio

Thesis: Place matters

Library place less about collections, more about creative capital


Asian ascendanceSpeaking of place…

Source: A.T. Kearney. 2012 Global Cities Index


Asian cities poised to gain global influence

Source: AT Kearney. 2012 Global Cities Index


• Regional investment in higher education, ICT infrastructure, logistics and transportation

• Renewed attention to global reputation of research institutions, improved ability to attract human capital

• Vibrant, culturally diverse urban agglomerations that foster innovation and entrepreneurship

Factors in ‘Asian ascendance’


• Libraries represent critical infrastructure in the knowledge economy

• Research, innovation and cultural influence rely on efficient information flows

• Increased adoption of shared library services enables a redirection of institutional resources toward distinctive, value generating activities

Role of Libraries


• Increased attention to research reputation – international rankings, ability to recruit/retain global talent – places new stresses on library organization

• Emphasis shifts from acquiring, managing comprehensive local collections to maximizing visibility of locally distinctive assets

• Renewed focus on ‘customer’ engagement, alignment with academic mission

Implications


• Local management of retrospective print collections is no longer a ‘value driver’ for most institutions

• Increased reliance on just-in-time fulfillment, demand-driven acquisitions, ‘managing up’ e-resources

• New attention to revealing library capacity – expertise, distinctive resources, service profile – in global network

Operationally, this means:


Shared CollectionsCooperative GovernanceNetwork Disclosure

Local CollectionsLocal StewardshipLocal Discovery

Warehouse of booksPreservation of what is ‘mine’Local ILS

Collaboration spacesJoint stewardship of what is ‘ours’‘Cloud-based’ management svcs

Collection sizeGate countSatisfaction

Support for research processesManagement of institutional IPImpact

Metrics

Infrastructure

Library Organization

supported by

assessed with

defined by

20th Century 21st Century


http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/21stctfreport_11may12.pdf

21st Century Collections


The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: W. Lougee “Content & Collections: Rubrics and Rubiks”

Areas where OCLC has made significant investments in primary research and service development


ARL institutions are the primary stewards of non-North American books in WorldCat; 69% held by at least one ARL

On average, non North-American imprints are held by fewer than 5 ARL libraries

East Asian imprints among the least widely held global resources in US academic research libraries, with fewer than 3 holding libraries per title on average

Key Findings


Scope of ARL East Asian collections is growing

Source: D. Jakubs (2010)


WorldCat library holdings for Asian imprints

Southeast Asia2004: 60% ARL2010: 35% ARL

South Asia2004: 77% ARL2010: 57% ARL

East Asia2004: 61% ARL2010: 42% ARL

Source: D. Jakubs (2010)


• Greater diversity of holding institutions increases uncertainty about stewardship and supply

• Ongoing pressures on ARL institutions further erode (US) confidence in long-term preservation of global resources, including Asian imprints

• Heightened interest to digital supply chain and trusted repositories

Implications


Some rough figures, based on analysis of WorldCat and HathiTrust in August 2012:

• Of the ~20M Asian imprints in WorldCat, only about 756K (4%) are present in the HathiTrust Digital Library

• Asian imprints account for less than 20% of the ~5.4M titles digitized by HathiTrust partners

Asian regional presence in mass-digitized corpus


Number of Asian imprints, by region, represented in HathiTrust (July 2012)

Title

s

247K

756K

Source: C. Malpas, OCLC Research 2012.

Asian presence in mass-digitized corpus is growing


Asian regional presence in HathiTrust as percent of all titles

While Asian publications increasingly well represented in WorldCat the region’s ‘digital book presence’ (in WorldCat) has hit a plateau


2.1M 3.7M 4.9M 5.4M

13% 16% 17% 16%


Percent of Asian regional imprints in WorldCat duplicated in HathiTrust

Median = 9% Median = 4% Median = 4%

South Asia Southeast Asia East Asia


… a small fraction of Asian imprints in WorldCat have been digitized


• Network presence of Asian imprints is “spiky” – publication records of some countries are more visible than others; digitization accentuates this trend

• Potential impact on global reach of research, scholarship produced in Asia

• Asian libraries can help correct this imbalance by registering print and digital/digitized holdings in WorldCat

Implications


Key Findings

Significant and growing overlap between academic print collections and mass-digitized corpus

As much as 75% of the mass-digitized resource already managed in shared print repositories

Opportunity for large-scale transformation in academic print management; space recovery and cost-avoidance

2011


HathiTrust Digital Library Growth Trajectory


As of July 2012, HathiTrust is equal in size (volumes) and scope (titles) to top US ARL libraries

The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2011.

The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.

Represents at least 16,693 linear feet or >5 kilometers of shelf space

NTU library collection: ~900K titles in WorldCat 2.4M volumes

Potential cost avoidance?:USD 900K/yrTWD 27M/yr


Median Overlap = 24%

Among Asian research libraries, ~25% holdings overlap with HathiTrust

Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.


Median Overlap = 35%

Among North American peer libraries, 35% overlap with HathiTrust

Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.


For US academic and research libraries: • an opportunity to rethink local collection

management strategies, risk profile has changed

For Asian academic and research libraries:• an opportunity to increase visibility of regional

library assets in global network, participate in reconfiguration of library supply chain

Implications


For all libraries, an opportunity to:• Reduce local investment in commodity collections• Increase alignment with institutional mission by

rebalancing service portfolio• Enhance library value proposition by renewing focus

on stewardship of distinctive institutional assets, special collections, ‘global resources’, teaching & learning materials

Implications (cont.)


Key Findings

2012

90% of the print book collection in North America is concentrated in 12 mega-regions

Access benefits and preservation risk are highly concentrated

Regional collections are highly diffuse Risk assessment requires system-wide view

>50% of regional print books managed by academic libraries

Changes in global higher education affect entire library system

Despite high-levels of bi-lateral duplication, each mega region has something unique to offer

improving ‘flows’ will benefit all players


Monographic Publications and Library Holdings in North American Mega-regions

45M discrete publications889M library holdings (avg. 20/title); 72% of all holdings in WorldCat“Spiky” distribution


Asian mega-regions, 2010

“… mega regions will be the drivers of Asian economies in 2050.”

Asia Development Bank, 2011

Sources: R. Florida. Cities & the Creative Class in Asia. AtlanticCities.com Asia 2050: Realizing the Asian Century

Asia Pacific in the vanguard of shift … APEC accounts for 9% of world population

>50% of global economic output ~75% of global innovation

Richard Florida, 2011


“Where the World’s Brains Are” (2010)

Research universities increasingly function as a key hub institution of the knowledge economy.

Richard Florida

Source: R. Florida. Where the World’s Brains Are. www.creativeclass.com


“Where the World’s Brains Are” 2010 vs. 2012

Sources: www.creativeclass.com THES Top Asian Universities 2012

2010/11: Asian universities account for 7% of top 400 world universities

2011/2012: … 16% of top 400

http://www.creativeclass.com/


• A (mega) regional strategy for library print management could reduce redundant investment in ‘low-value’ operations

• Enabling academic libraries to refocus attention, resources on distinctive service contributions

• Leveraging existing networks of cooperation and exchange

• Raising the global profile of Asian library capacity

Implications


The Power of Place


• Increased reliance on shared service infrastructure: discovery, delivery, resource management

• Shift to mega-regional scale in print management• Improved network visibility of Asian library

capacity, collections and services • Regional library infrastructure recognized -- and

funded -- as vital component of global knowledge economy

Asia’s Libraries 2050


Libraries are operating in a world where information is increasingly flat

Knowledge Innovation Culture the future

is spiky


Thank you for your attention.

Questions?

Constance [email protected]

Comments?


Sources• Association of Research Libraries. 21st-Century Collections: Calibration of Investment and Collaborative

Action. http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/21stctfreport_11may12.pdf

• ATKearney (2012). 2012 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/2012_Global_Cities_Index_and_Emerging_Cities_Outlook_1.pdf

• Florida, R. L., Gulden, T., Mellander, C., & Joseph L. Rotman School of Management. (2007). The rise of the mega-region. Toronto, Ont.: Martin Prosperity Institute. http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/userfiles/prosperity/File/Rise.of.%20the.Mega-Regions.w.cover.pdf

• Jackson, M. E., & Association of Research Libraries , OCLC Research et al. (2006). Changing global book collection patterns in ARL libraries. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries. http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/grn_global_book.shtml

• Jakubs, D. (2010) Are We There Yet? Trends in Global Collections and Services. ARL Membership Meeting, April 2010 http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm10sp-jakubs.pdf

• Kohli, H. S., Sharma, A., & Sood, A. (2011). ASIA 2050: Realizing the Asian Century: Overview. http://www.emergingmarketsforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Overview-0503E.pdf

• Lougee, W. (2012). Content & Collections: Rubrics and Rubiks. ARL Membership Meeting, April 2012 www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm12spring-lougee.pdf

• Lavoie, B. F., Malpas, C., Shipengrover, J. D., & OCLC Research. (2012). Print management at "Mega-scale": A regional perspective on print book collections in North America. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2012/2012-05.pdf

• Malpas, C., & OCLC Research (2011). Cloud-sourcing research collections: Managing print in the mass-digitized library environment. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2011/2011-01.pdf


http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/2012_Global_Cities_Index_and_Emerging_Cities_Outlook_1.pdf

http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/userfiles/prosperity/File/Rise.of.%20the.Mega-Regions.w.cover.pdf

http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/grn_global_book.shtml

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm10sp-jakubs.pdf

http://www.emergingmarketsforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Overview-0503E.pdf

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm12spring-lougee.pdf



http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2012/2012-05.pdf

http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2011/2011-01.pdf

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