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THE CHARACTERISTCS OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND KNOWLADGE
LEVEL OF ELDERLY WHO ACTIVE AND INACTIVE PARTICIPATING
POSYANDU PINILIH GUMPANG KARTASURA
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of Nursing Bachelor Degree Requirements
of Health Science Faculty
by:
LUGAS DWI SUWANDARU
J 210.122.005
NURSING BACHELOR DEGREE
HEALTH SCIENCE FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA UNIVERSITY
2016
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THE CHARACTERISTCS OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND KNOWLADGE LEVEL OF
ELDERLY WHO ACTIVE AND INACTIVE PARTICIPATING POSYANDU PINILIH
GUMPANG KARTASURA
ABSTRACT
“Posyandu lansia” is a health services for the elderly in the community in
Indonesia. Posyandu development receive a positive response from the public but has
not been accompanied the increasing by quality of services that have an impact on the
level of activity of elderly to participating posyandu. The elderly who active the
participating posyandu activities have a better quality of life than the elderly who did
not active participating in posyandu activities. While the elderly who did not active in
utilizing health services in posyandu, then their medical condition cannot be monitored
well. This study aimed to the description of demographic characteristcs and level of
knowladge elderly who active and inactive participating Posyandu Pinilih Gumpang
Kartasura. This research is a quantitative research. Using a non-experimental research
methods with descriptive research design. The sample in this study amounted to 56
elderly. The sample was divided into two categories: the elderly 26 active and 26
inactive elderly who participated in the posyandu with quota sampling technique.
Univariate analysis techniques used to reveal the age, sex, occupation and level of
knowledge of the elderly participating Posyandu. The survey results revealed that the
elderly are active 60-74 year-old, female, junior high school education, it does not work,
and good knowledge. While inactive elderly aged 60-74 years, female gender, high
school education, not working, and good enough knowledge.
Keywords: Elderly, demographic characteristics, knowledge, posyandu
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GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI DAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN
LANSIA YANG AKTIF DAN TIDAK AKTIF DALAM MENGIKUTI KEGIATAN DI
POSYANDU LANSIA PINILIH KELURAHAN GUMPANG KARTASURA
ABSTRAK
Posyandu lansia adalah suatu pelayanan kesehatan bagi usia lanjut di
masyarakat. Perkembangan posyandu mendapat tanggapan positif dari masyarakat,
namun belum dibarengi dengan meningkatnya mutu pelayanan yang berdampak pada
tingkat keaktifan lansia mengikuti posyandu. Lansia aktif mengikuti kegiatan posyandu
memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan lansia yang tidak aktif
mengikuti kegiatan posyandu. Sedangkan lansia yang tidak aktif dalam memanfaatkan
pelayanan kesehatan di Posyandu Lansia, maka kondisi kesehatan mereka tidak dapat
terpantau dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran
karakteristik demografi dan tingkat pengetahuan lansia yang aktif dan tidak aktif
dalam mengikuti kegiatan di posyandu lansia Pinilih Kelurahan Gumpang Kartasura.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Menggunakan metode penelitian non-
experimental dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini
berjumlah 56 lansia. Sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kategori yaitu 26 lansia
aktif dan 26 lansia yang tidak aktif mengikuti kegiatan posyandu dengan teknik quota
sampling. Teknik analisa univariat digunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran factor umur,
jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan tingkat pengetahuan lansia mengikuti posyandu. Hasil
penelitian diketahui bahwa lansia yang aktif berusia 60-74 tahun, berjenis kelamin
perempuan, berpendidikan SMP, sudah tidak bekerja, dan berpengetahuan baik.
Sedangkan lansia tidak aktif berusia 60-74 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, pendidikan
SMA, tidak bekerja, dan berpengetahuan cukup baik.
Kata kunci: Lansia, karakteristik demogafi, pengetahuan, posyandu lansia.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Elderly not a disease, but an advanced stage of a process of life that is characterized by a
decrease in the body's ability to adapt to environmental stress. In essence, being old is a natural
process, which means that someone has gone through three stages of life, namely children, adults
and elderly. Enter old age means that the individual has decreased physical, mental and
psychosocial changes (Nugroho, 2008). According to Law No. 13 of 1998 on the Welfare of
Ageing, which referred to the elderly is a population that has attained the age 60 years and older
(Effendi, 2009).
World Health Organization (WHO) states that, the elderly population in Southeast Asia elderly
population by 8% or 142 million people. Based on a survey in 2013, Japan had the highest life
expectancy with 73.4 years in Asia, Cambodia and Laos have a life expectancy of 57.5 years and
58.1 years, while the life expectancy in Thailand and Vietnam is 67 years old. In 2050 the estimated
number of elderly will increase triples from 2013 (Sativa, 2015).
Central Statistics Agency data shows the number of elderly in Indonesia in 2007 amounted to
18.7 million in 2010 increased further to 23.9 million (9.77%). Predictions in 2020 the number of
elderly will reach 28.8 million people (11.34%) (Kemenkes RI, 2013). The elderly population by
province, the percentage of elderly population above 10% in the province of Yogyakarta (14.02%),
Central Java (10.99%), East Java (10.92%) and Bali (10.39%) (BPS RI-Susenas 2009). The Central
Statistics Agency Sukoharjo projecting the elderly population in 2014 amounted to 67 404 elderly
and in 2020 increased to 84 570 elderly.
Increased life expectancy of the elderly could become a benchmark of the progress of a
country, but on the other hand it will give rise to new problems, especially health problems and
social problems that will arise as a result of neglected elderly (Bangun, 2012). With improper
handling, the elderly and basically has suffered a setback physical health, psychological, social
relationships and environment will impact on the quality of life of the elderly as well (Stanly, 2007).
Quality of life is that which illustrates the advantages of an individual seen from kehidupanya,
with aspects of the assessment on the physical, psychological, social relationships and environment
(Larasati, 2009). According Nofitri (2009), there are several factors that affect the quality of life
that is gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, income and relationships with other
people, including health workers. Health personnel have a very important role in improving the
quality of life of the elderly (Stenly 2007). The attention of health professionals in improving the
quality of life of the elderly is the implementation of health care of the elderly through Posyandu
(Soewono, 2010).
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Posyandu development has received a positive response from the public. The positive response
has not been accompanied by increased quality of service because there are many factors that cause
the quality of services remains low posyandu include Human Resources is still very low, many
cadres posyandu drop out, and infrastructure are lacking. hence, the necessary support from the
community or group designated as a volunteer to assist with implementation Posyandu Semarang
Health Office, (2008) in Puryani (2010).
Posyandu elderly is a health care services for the elderly in the community, where the process
of formation and implementation is done by the people along Governmental Organization, social
organizations, inter-governmental and non-governmental, private and others, with a focus on
promotion and prevention (Notoatmodjo, 2007). According to the results of research conducted
(Latifah, 2013) in the area Ds. Sirnoboyo Pacitan that older people who actively participated in the
Posyandu have a better quality of life compared with elderly people who are not actively
participating in Posyandu activities.
In the village there is Posyandu Elderly Gumpang Pinilih with a total population of 129 elderly,
but at the time of the preliminary survey on 19 November 2015 the data obtained on average visit
the elderly in the last 2 years. In 2014 as many as 30.7% are elderly people who actively
participates in the activity posyandu and 69.3% are elderly inactive, while in 2015 as many as
37.3% are elderly active and 62.7% are elderly inactive. From these data increased but not
significantly. The results of the interview to the Posyandu cadre of phenomena that occur are mostly
elderly posyandu absence caused by various physical conditions that occur in the elderly, such as
the absence of a family member who drove to the posyandu. One of the factors that affect the
elderly in increased motivation to visit Posyandu is knowledge. High knowledge greatly affect a
person's health improvement (Harbandiyah, 2006). From the research Marlina, et al (2012) in
primmary health care Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru showed that elderly people who have a high
knowledge also has high motivation to visit Posyandu.
Elderly women are more diligent and happy hanging with friends his age so that older women
tend to have high behavior in participating Posyandu (Rosyid, 2009). This is inline with research
conducted (Latifah, 2013) regarding the activity of the elderly in the participating Posyandu in
Pacitan that 83.3% of women actively participated in the elderly. factors affecting this is because
women have more free time and greater awareness about healthy life compared to men.
The increasing age of a person, then there is also an increased need for specialized services for
the community (Ekasari, 2008). From research (Latifah, 2013) of the 36 respondents are senior
citizens aged 65-70 years and elderly active status as a visit to the Posyandu, while 36 respondents
ages 59-64 status as the elderly are not active in the Posyandu. Elderly who work more busy so
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there was no time for a visit to the Posyandu elderly compared with the elderly who do not work
(Hastono, 2009). As many as 50% of the respondents to the 59-64 age group to work as a farmer.So
many of them are not able to follow the activities of Posyandu in because of the time that clashed
with their work schedule as a farmer (Latifah, 2013).
Elderly who are not active in utilizing health services in Posyandu, the health condition of the
elderly can not be monitored well, so if they get a disease risk due to a decrease in body condition
and feared the aging process can be fatal and life-threatening. Education and socialization of the
benefits of Posyandu needs to be improved and needs the support of various stakeholders, including
the family, government and the community (Wahono, 2010).
Based on the above data researchers interested in conducting research that aims to know the
description of demographic characteristcs and knowledge level of elderly who active and inactive
participating in posyandu Pinilih Gumpang Kartasura.
2. METHOD
This research is a quantitative research. Using a non-experimental research methods with
descriptive research design,the research aimed at describing to an object of research study through
samples or data that has been collected and made generally accepted conclusion (Sugiyono, 2009)
This research was conducted in Posyandu Pinilih Gumpang Kartasura village in April 2016.
The population were all elderly living working area Posyandu Pinilih Gumpang in 2015 which
amounted to 129 elderly. The research sample of 56 elderly people who were divided into 28
elderly active and 28 inactive elderly who participated in the Posyandu with proportional random
sampling technique.Data collection research using questionnaires.Research data analysis using
univariate analysis that describes each of the variables using tables. This research analyzes using the
computer program SPSS 20:00 for Windows.
3. RESULT
1.1 Respondents Characteristics
This study was conducted on 28 elderly was not active in Posyandu and 28 elderly people who are
active in Posyandu activities in Pinilih, Gumpang, Kartasura. This study aimed to describe the
demographic characteristics and knowledge level of the elderly in participating in Posyandu
activities Pinilih Gumpang, Kartasura. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of the
respondents according to age, gender, education, marital status, and employment status.
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Table 4.1. Characteristics of Respondents
No Characteristic Active Inactive
∑ % N ∑ % N
1 Age
a. Elderly (60-74 years old)
b. Older old (75-90 years
old)
24
4
86
14
28
25
3
89
11
28
2 Gender
a. Male
b. Female
6
22
21
79
28
12
16
43
57
28
3 Education
a. Uneducated
b. Elementary school
c. Junior high school
d. Senior high school
e. College
1
4
16
7
0
4
14
57
25
0
28
1
0
12
14
1
4
0
43
50
1
28
4 Marital status
a. Married
b. Widower
c. Widow
26
2
0
93
7
0
28
22
3
3
78
11
11
28
5 Job status
a. Work
b. Does not work
13
15
46
54
28
14
14
50
50
28
Characteristics of survey respondents indicate that the elderly who active participating
Posyandu activities some of them aged 60-74 years of age or older in the category as many as 24
respondents (86%), the majority of the elderly female were 22 respondents (79%), mostly junior
high school education as much as 16 respondents (57%), most have a marital status is married or
still have a life partner as many as 26 respondents (93%) and most of them do not work as much as
15 respondents (54%).
Characteristics of survey respondents in the elderly who didn’t active in the Posyandu have
characteristics most are aged 60-74 years old (elderly) as many as 25 respondents (89%), they are
mostly female as many as 16 respondents (57%), high school educated as much as 14 respondents
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(50%), have a marital status is married or has a partner as much as 22 respondents (78%) and
distribution of works and does not work in the same proportion that each of 14 respondents (50%).
1.2 Knowledge overview
Measuring the level of knowledge about posyandu obtained from respondents' answers to the
30 item questionnaire knowledge. elderly knowledge about posyandu divided into three categories
less, just and good. The descripton of respondents' knowledge is as follows.
Table 2. Description of Knowledge Elderly
Activennes
Knowledge Elderly
Less Sufficient Good Total
∑ % ∑ % ∑ % ∑ %
Active 0 0 11 39 17 61 28 100
Inaktive 5 18 13 46 10 36 28 100
Total 5 9 24 43 27 48 56 100
The description of elderly in terms of the level of knowledge demonstrated in elderly who
active participating Posyandu activities mostly have a good level of knowledge that is as much as
17 respondents (61%) and the remaining knowledgeable enough as much as 11 respondents (39%).
elderly who active participated in the Posyandu most have sufficient knowledge as much as 13
respondents (46%), good knowledge of as many as 10 respondents (36%), and lack of knowledge
as much as five respondents (18%). Based on cross-tabulations liveliness elderly Posyandu
program in terms of knowledge indicate a trend the better knowledge of elderly, the elderly tend to
be actively participating Posyandu.
4. DISCUSSION
4.1 Respondents Characteristics
The characteristic of the respondents according to age showed that in both groups elderly are
60-74 years old. Age distribution of respondents indicate that there are elderly people who have age
above 74 years of age or entering the age of older old, this condition is possible because of the
increase in life expectancy, one of which is supported by the presence of adequate health services
by health workers to the elderly, such as the Posyandu (Soewono, 2010).
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Added a person's age affect the function of organs after reaching the peak of maturity
adulthood decreased organ function. One is the brain, especially in the dorso lateral prefrontal
cortex where the part is instrumental to convey the memory of someone, so that the effe cts of these
disorders in the elderly is dementia that can affect the decline in ability to perform activities and
ability to work, such as forgetting to eat, shower, name family and even forgot schedule to go to
posyandu (Grady, 2006). Another problem experienced by the elderly is a gradual shrinkage of the
body's tissues, including muscle tissue and other vital organs. Neurological physiological function
decline occurs after the age of 30 to 40 years with the rhythm of the decline is different for each
person (Stanley & Patricia, 2007).
The aging process is associated with a decrease in physical function, intellectually and
emotionally in the elderly. One of the setbacks that occur in the elderly with age is the process of
cognitive decline in the elderly. Cognitive function is the ability of the elderly to understand the
information. Among the elderly cognitive impairment is the biggest cause of the inability to
perform normal activities of everyday life, and also the commonest reason that leads to dependence
on others to care for themselves (care dependence) in elderly (Reuser, Bonneux, and Willekens,
2010).
Decrease in physical abilities elderly have an impact on the decrease of the independence of
elderly people who have an impact on elderly dependence on the help of others to meet their needs
including participating in Posyandu activities. Research conducted to examine the relationship
independence of the elderly with the liveliness of the elderly program Posyandu conclude that there
is a significant correlation independence of the elderly with liveliness follow the activities of
Posyandu, ie the better the level of independence of elderly then activeness follow the activities of
Posyandu the better (Alfin, 2012).
The characteristic feature of the respondents by sex shows in both groups, the majority are
women. According to research Orfila et al., (2006) elderly women with chronic illnesses over a
greater risk to suffer disability. By because it is elderly women should take precautions by way of
one of them by participating Posyandu. Women are more diligent in dealing with the action mainly
follows the Posyandu, for example, always meet attendance Posyandu activities, come to Posyandu
timely, following the Posyandu activities from start to finish. Men would quickly get bored if
viewed in terms of the psychological follow Posyandu, so the conclusion to improve the behavior of
the elderly to visit the Posyandu to go through health promotion, lectures, counseling and others
(Fahrun, Uliyah, and Hasanah, 2009).
The Results Indonesia Family Life Survey in 2003 which showed that a person's gender
influence in the decision to utilize existing health facilities, where the individual has a percentage
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more than men. Meanwhile, according to research Huygen and Smits, differences between men and
women seen in health care referral system to higher among women than men (Fahrun, Uliyah, and
Hasanah, 2009).
Characteristics of respondents according to education shows the junior high school group is the
group's most active and high school is the group with the highest number of elderly inactive. The
level of education has not been linear with the liveliness of the elderly participating Posyandu.
Assumptions authors suspect in Pinilih elderly who have a higher education have higher health
awareness, so that they entrust her health to more professional health workers, for example, a
personal physician or hospital. Middle and high school level of education in Indonesia learning
system included in a group of elementary and secondary education, but when viewed from 9-year
educational system on the terms of Law No. 47 In 2008, the elderly Junior high school has been to
exceed the minimum desired education in Indonesia.
According to research Baker, (2007) that the education level of the elderly with a minimum of
11 years had a higher level of knowledge where it affects too fast or slow death of the elderly
because of certain diseases. Elderly mostly educated middle and high school. The level of education
a person associated with the person's ability to understand the information and process it into a
science. The higher the person's level of education, the ability to absorb knowledge better
(Notoatmodjo, 2010).
The education level of education possessed by the elderly help the elderly to be able to gain
knowledge well. Sources of health information can be obtained elderly print media, electronic
media, as well as the information received directly from the source when the elderly health care
workers follow the Posyandu.
Distribution characteristics of the respondents according to marital status shows most are
married. The existence of a spouse is a factor that supports the achievement of the knowledge of the
elderly. Support spouse is giving a sense of safety, comfort, attention, appreciation, or assistance
provided to the partner (Sarafino, 2006).According to some references elderly status is not married
or living alone had worse levels of health than the elderly who have a spouse (Robards et al., 2012).
The existence of a couple of respondents who are married assist the elderly to obtain health
information so that knowledge of the elderly can be maintained. The existence of a reliable life
partner to get the attention of an emotional, tangible assistance in the form of material, useful
information and feedback that can help (Angina and Pandhit, 2010).
Characteristics of respondents by occupation shows that active older people are working. Works
related to one's leisure time to an activity in which elderly people who work have the opportunity to
follow the activities of Posyandu lower than elderly people who do not work. Factors causing the
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bustle of the elderly experience social isolation. So they lose a lot of time to just hang out with peers
or participate in the activities of associations of elderly (Cornwell et al, 2008). Defferent to the
elderly who do not work, they do not have a lot of activity. Thus, enabling them to experience
confusion to fill his spare time. Loneliness experienced by elderly people who do not work cause
they have a higher motivation for actively participating in Posyandu in the hope of meeting with
their friends (Suhartini, 2009).It is as in a study that concluded that there are significant jobs to the
visit in Posyandu, the majority of respondents who did not do the work that was active in Posyandu.
The elderly who do not work feel lonely at home so they are glad when there are gatherings with
their friends (Ika, 2010).
4.2 Knowledge overview
Overview elderly Posyandu program in terms of the level of knowledge showed in the elderly
with active follow Posyandu activities mostly have a good level of knowledge that is as much as 17
respondents (61%) and the remaining knowledgeable enough as much as 11 respondents (39%). In
elderly who are not actively participating in Posyandu activities mostly have enough knowledge as
much as 13 respondents (46%), good knowledge of as many as 10 respondents (36%), and lack of
knowledge as much as five respondents (18%). Based on cross-tabulations liveliness elderly
Posyandu program in terms of knowledge indicate a trend the better knowledge of the elderly, the
elderly tend to be actively participating Posyandu.
Knowledge can affect a person's health will be included in the pattern of life, especially in
motivating to participate in health development. Or cognitive domain knowledge is very important
in shaping a person's actions. Behavior based on knowledge will be more lasting than the behavior
that is not based on knowledge. With a good knowledge of pesyandu elderly, the elderly become
interested in coming to Posyandu. Elderly active coming to Posyandu will be able to improve the
health of the elderly and the problems of the elderly, especially the health problems that arise as a
result of the aging process can be detected early. So with Posyandu existence will increasingly be
able to increase the life expectancy (Mamik, 2013)
Behavior elderly who active and elderly who didn't active participating the program Posyandu
is formed of three factors predisposing factors manifested in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, beliefs,
and values, enabling factors manifest in the physical environment, facilities and health facilities,
and factors driving manifest in attitudes and behavior of officers. Predisposing factors of knowledge
itself is influenced by the level of education, interests, experience, age, information (Notoatmodjo,
2010).
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Knowledge relationship with the elderly in participating in health programs have been
summarized in previous studies. Research on the basic evidence of health promotion programs for
older adults showed that one factor of the success of health programs in the elderly is the level of
knowledge of the elderly (Anderson, 2012).
Relationships knowledge elderly active and not active follow posyandu as concluded in the
study of the correlation between knowledge of the elderly and the liveliness of family support for
the elderly to follow the activities of Posyandu. The study concluded that there is a relationship of
knowledge and family support for the elderly liveliness, where the higher the knowledge of the
elderly, the activeness is getting better, and the higher the family support the activity of the elderly
is also getting better (Dian, 2014).
5. CONCLUSION
Characteristics of elderly in posyandu Pinilih Gumpang Kartasura mostly 60-74 years old,
female, junior high school education, still married, and did not work. Several factors related to the
characteristics among others, the increase in life expectancy of elderly and research sites near the
city of Surakarta causing Kartasura and access to education and work is quite extensive.
The description elderly who active and inactive participating in posyandu terms of level of
knowledge indicate a trend the better knowledge of the elderly, the elderly tend to be actively
participating in Posyandu activities.
6. SUGGESTION
a. For Elderly
Elderly should be willing to accept his situation that as the aging process there is a risk to the
health and decrease the body's ability. Elderly require routine health checks so that quality of
life can be maintained. One place that can be utilized elderly for medical examination itself is
Posyandu elderly.
b. For Nurses
Nurses as agent informants public health should be actively engaged in health education to the
community, especially the elderly about the importance of health care.
c. For Further Research
Further research is expected to quantitatively analyze the factors associated with the activity of
the elderly to visit Posyandu.
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* Lugas Dwi Suwandaru: Nursing Student Bachelor of Health Science Faculty of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta University. A Yani Street Tromol Post 1 Kartasura.
**Vinami Yulian, Ns., M.Sc.Nursing: Nursing Lecturer of Health Science Faculty of
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