the citric acid cycle - biolympiads · 2019-10-06 · role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism....
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The Citric Acid cycle
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Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
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Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA used for energy AND to synthesize amino acids and lipids etc
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Mitochondria
Pyruvate in cytoplasm Enters mitochondria Pyruvate dehydrogenase is in matrix
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Huge complex (50nm) (ribosome is 5nm) Three sub-complexes- E1, E2 and E3 Commits pyruvate to AcCoA formation
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
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The reaction
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Ist step intermediate
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2nd step intermediate
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3rd step intermediate
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4th step
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Reactions in the complex
Co-ordinated substrate channeling-pass substrate form 1 active site to next Fast reaction, minimized side reaction, co-ordinated process, high substrate conc
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Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
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Regulation of PDH
Increased AcCoA inhibits E2 in PDH (monitors amt of energy). High AcCoA, switch off respiration, use pyruvate to switch on gluconeogenesis (formation of glycogen etc)
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Citric Acid cycle
2C + 4C -------> 6C -----> CO2 + 4C
16 electrons
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The overall reaction
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Step1
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Oxaloacetate and acetylCoA bind enzyme in open state. Enzyme changes shape, brings the reactants together and condensation occurs
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Step2
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Step3
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Step4
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Step5
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Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinate His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP
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Details
Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP
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Step6-8
Oxidation Hydroxylation
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Step6
Succinate dehydrogenase- uses FAD and generates FADH2. This enzyme is not in matrix but in inner mitochondrial membrane and hands FADH2 directly to the electron transport system
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Step7
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Step8
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Role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism. Intermediates of the citric acid cycle are drawn off as precursors in many biosynthetic pathways. Shown in red are four anaplerotic reactions that replenish depleted cycle intermediates
Citric acid cycle and Anabolism
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The cycle and Anabolism
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Regulatory steps
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Regulation
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Glyoxylate cycle
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Glyoxylate and Citric acid cycle