The Civil Rights MovementGoals & Achievements

- Desegregation -

Review – Label each era with the correct dates.

• Slavery ( - )

• U.S. Civil War ( - )

• Jim Crow Era ( - )

• Civil Rights Movement ( - )

Time Periods - Question:

Which time period is also known as the “Segregation Era”?

A. Slavery EraB. U.S. Civil WarC. Jim Crow EraD. Civil Rights Movement

Time Periods - Question:

Which era ended in the 1950s?

A. Slavery EraB. U.S. Civil WarC. Jim Crow EraD. Civil Rights Movement

Review – Label each era with the correct dates.

• Slavery (1500s - 1865)

• U.S. Civil War (1861 - 1865)

• Jim Crow Era (1865 – 1950s)

• Civil Rights Movement (mid 1950s – late 1960s)

Outline of Today’s Lecture

I. DesegregationA. TransportationB. EducationC. Other Public Places

1955 - Montgomery, AL

Rosa Parks was arrested for violating segregation law.

1955 - Montgomery, ALBus Boycott

walking to workcarpooling

1955 - Montgomery, AL - Bus Boycott

"And we are not wrong. We are not wrong in what we are doing. If we are wrong, then the Supreme Court of this Nation is wrong. If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong. If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong. If we are wrong, justice is a lie."

Martin Luther King - 1955

1956 – Bus Desegregation

Rosa Parks rides the bus after the Supreme Court decision.

….. transportation segregation continues!

BUT….6 years later……

1961 - Freedom Rides - SNCC

1961 - Freedom Rides

State and Local Police tried to enforce local segregation laws. They threatened the riders.

1961 - Freedom Rides

306 riders were arrested in Jackson, Mississippi for violating local segregation laws.

1961 - Freedom Rides - SNCC

1961 - Freedom Rides

Many riders were beaten by the KKK.

1961 - Freedom Rides

In Alabama, a bus was firebombed.

1961 - Freedom Rides – SUCCESS!1. National Attention

2. 1962 – Another Supreme Court Decision: All transportation facilities must desegregate!

School Desegregation

Regional School Segregation Laws

= school segregation required by state law = school segregation allowed by state law = school segregation prohibited by state law = no legislation about school segregation

Review QuestionWhich statement was true about Michigan schools during the Jim Crow Era?

A. All public schools in MI were racially segregated by law.

B. Public schools were racially integratedC. Public schools in MI were not legally

segregated, but there was de facto racial segregation.

Review QuestionWhich statement was true about Michigan schools in the 1950s?

A. All public schools in MI were racially segregated by law.

B. Public schools were racially integratedC. Public schools in MI were not legally

segregated, but there was de facto racial segregation.

1954 - Brown v. Board of Education

SC decision: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

"Little Rock, 1959. Rally at state capitol” (J.T. Bledsoe)

Resistance to School Desegregation

LOOK: McCarthyism!↓

Tension between federal and state governments

↓Federal government had to enforce

desegregation in the South.

Let’s look at 2 famous examples...

1957 – Little Rock Central High School

“The Little Rock Nine”

1957 – Little Rock Central High School

The Governor ordered state soldiers to block the students from entering the school.

1957 – Little Rock Central High School

1957 – Little Rock Central High School

The white mob was screaming, “Lynch her!”

A lynching (not related to Little Rock)

1957 – Little Rock Central High School

“I looked into the face of an old woman and it seemed a kind face, but when I looked at her again, she spat on me.”

1957 - Little Rock Central High School

U.S. Troops escort African American students from Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, October 1957.

1957 - Little Rock Central High School

The unhappy governor

1963 – University of Alabama

George Wallace - Quotes

"The President (JFK) wants us to surrender this state to Martin Luther King and his group of pro-Communists who have instituted these demonstrations.”

“Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!

Federal Response

President Kennedy sent federal troops to enforce integration and protect the students

1968 Presidential Election

Desegregating Public Spaces“Sit-ins”

1960 – Greensboro, North Carolina

“Sit-ins” copied all over the South

“Sit-ins” were copied all over the South

“Sit-ins” gain attention

II. VOTING RIGHTS (Next lecture!)

REVIEW: When did all black Americans get the legal right to vote?

A.1776B.1865C.1870D.1964

Denial of Civil Rights

• Civil Rights = the rights of all U.S. citizens

• 1865 – Slavery abolished by 13th Amendment. Former slaves became citizens.

Denial of Civil Rights: Voting

• 1870 – 15th Amendment banned racial discrimination in voting.

• State Laws made it difficult for blacks to vote:– Poll taxes– Grandfather rules– Literacy tests

Homework: • Label your timeline• Review Lecture (Complete last page.)

• Highlight states•Make notes about discussion questions•Write a discussion question• Any questions for the teacher?