The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins

Secession and Fort SumterSecession and Fort Sumter

SECESSIONSECESSIONSouthern States desperate to preserve the Southern States desperate to preserve the slave systemslave system

SC seceded Dec. 20, 1860, others followedSC seceded Dec. 20, 1860, others followed

Confederacy formed, Jefferson Davis Confederacy formed, Jefferson Davis elected Presidentelected President

By Lincoln’s inauguration, 7 states had leftBy Lincoln’s inauguration, 7 states had left

Government officials resigned (Read about Government officials resigned (Read about Robert E. Lee pg 356)Robert E. Lee pg 356)

SECESSIONSECESSION

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Confederate soldiers started to take over Confederate soldiers started to take over federal institutions (courthouses, post offices, federal institutions (courthouses, post offices, forts)forts)

Fort Sumter in SC was one of 2 forts that Fort Sumter in SC was one of 2 forts that were still union when Lincoln took officewere still union when Lincoln took office

Lincoln got message from Anderson that Lincoln got message from Anderson that Confederates threatened attack if he didn’t Confederates threatened attack if he didn’t surrendersurrender

Lincoln & Davis Face A DilemmaLincoln & Davis Face A Dilemma

Should Should

LincolnLincoln

EvacuateEvacuate

or fight?or fight?

ShouldShouldDavisDavisallow it orallow it orfight?fight?

•Didn’t want to start fightDidn’t want to start fight•Didn’t want to treat the Didn’t want to treat the Confed as a legitimateConfed as a legitimate forceforce•Decided to send in “food forDecided to send in “food for hungry men”hungry men”

•Didn’t want confederacy to Didn’t want confederacy to look weaklook weak•Should he turn peaceful Should he turn peaceful secession into war?secession into war?•4:30am April 12 Confeds 4:30am April 12 Confeds opened fireopened fire

RESULTS OF FORT SUMTER, SCRESULTS OF FORT SUMTER, SCCharleston citizens cheered Charleston citizens cheered

Anderson surrenderedAnderson surrendered

No casualtiesNo casualties

United the North, people United the North, people rushed to enlistrushed to enlist

April 17April 17th,th, VA seceded, big VA seceded, big loss for Northloss for North

AK, TN and NC followedAK, TN and NC followed

Fort SumterFort Sumter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjEv=O9p7V7GrHjE

Border StatesBorder StatesMD, DE, KY and MO stayed in union, but MD, DE, KY and MO stayed in union, but many citizens fought for Confederacymany citizens fought for Confederacy

MD – Union instituted martial lawMD – Union instituted martial law

MO – control over MS river, Lincoln sent MO – control over MS river, Lincoln sent troops to aid pro-Union forcestroops to aid pro-Union forces

KY –OH River, stayed neutral, invaded by KY –OH River, stayed neutral, invaded by Confed troops in Sept 1861Confed troops in Sept 1861

Divided Loyalty – Mary Lincoln’s brothers, Divided Loyalty – Mary Lincoln’s brothers, John Crittenden’s 2 sons fought on opp John Crittenden’s 2 sons fought on opp sidessides

North/South Match-upNorth/South Match-up

Northern AdvantagesNorthern Advantages Military strengthMilitary strength IndustryIndustry PopulationPopulation GovernmentGovernment Food productionFood production Railroad systemRailroad system

Weakness: had to Weakness: had to conquer south to winconquer south to win

Southern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages King CottonKing Cotton Great generalsGreat generals Strong military Strong military

traditiontradition Motivated soldiersMotivated soldiers

Weakness: no central Weakness: no central gov’tgov’t

StrategiesStrategies

NORTHNORTH

1)1) Blockade Southern Blockade Southern ports so they ports so they couldn’t tradecouldn’t trade

2)2) Split south by sailing Split south by sailing down Mississippidown Mississippi

3)3) Capture RichmondCapture Richmond

““Anaconda Plan”Anaconda Plan”

SOUTHSOUTH

1)1) Mostly a defensive Mostly a defensive planplan

2)2) Invade and attack Invade and attack the North if the the North if the opportunity aroseopportunity arose

3)3) ““Cotton Diplomacy” Cotton Diplomacy” (use cotton to get (use cotton to get support from other support from other nations)nations)

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ3nv-S1Noov=LQ3nv-S1Noo