the civil war. bell ringer what was the confederate strategy and what was the union strategy for...
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The Civil War
Bell RingerWhat was the
Confederate strategy and what was the Union strategy for
winning the Civil War? How does new
technology impact the war?
• IroncladsIronclads• Minie BallMinie Ball• Gatling GunGatling Gun• More soldiers died of More soldiers died of
diseasesdiseases, like dysentery , like dysentery rather than rather than bulletsbullets
New Technologies + old strategies = New Technologies + old strategies =
More DEATHs (620,000 More DEATHs (620,000 Americans Died)Americans Died)
UnionUnion Strategies in the West Strategies in the West• Ulysses S. Grant
–Commander of Union in the West
• Victories West would give Grant passage into the South and control of the Mississippi
Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7 1862Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7 1862
• Grant vs. Albert Sydney Grant vs. Albert Sydney JohnstonJohnston
• Pittsburgh Landing, Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn.Tenn.
• Worst fighting of the Worst fighting of the war yetwar yet
• Union: 13,000 Union: 13,000 dead/wounded (1/4 of dead/wounded (1/4 of those who fought)those who fought)
• Confederacy: 11,000 out Confederacy: 11,000 out of 41,000of 41,000
Fall of New OrleansFall of New Orleans• April 25, 1862April 25, 1862
• Union fleet captured Union fleet captured N.O.N.O.– The South’s largest The South’s largest
citycity
• All but 150 miles of All but 150 miles of the Miss. River the Miss. River belonged to the Unionbelonged to the Union
• Vicksburg only Vicksburg only remaining strongholdremaining stronghold
• The Union used the following as a strategy to keep The Union used the following as a strategy to keep Southerners from fighting, the Law stated;Southerners from fighting, the Law stated;
• Any U.S. citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. Government could file an application and lay claim to 160 acres Government land.
• For the next 5 years, the homesteader had to live on the land and improve it by building dwelling and growing crops.
• After 5 years, the homesteader could file for their deed by submitting proof of residency and the required improvements to a local land office.
HOMESTEAD ACT of 1862HOMESTEAD ACT of 1862
Lee Claims Victories in the Lee Claims Victories in the EastEast
• 1st Battle of Bull Run1st Battle of Bull Run
• 7 Days Battles: June 7 Days Battles: June 25 – July 1, 186225 – July 1, 1862
• Lee stopped McClellan Lee stopped McClellan from invading from invading RichmondRichmond
• Aug. 1862: 2Aug. 1862: 2ndnd Battle of Battle of Bull RunBull Run
• Union withdrew to D.C.Union withdrew to D.C.
Reasons Why:Reasons Why:1- A Confederate victory in 1- A Confederate victory in
the North would make the North would make Lincoln seek peace.Lincoln seek peace.
2- Allow Virginia Farmers 2- Allow Virginia Farmers to harvestto harvest
3- Plundering of the North’s 3- Plundering of the North’s food suppliesfood supplies
4- Get Europeans believing 4- Get Europeans believing the South could winthe South could win
Lee Invades the North: Why?Lee Invades the North: Why?
Lead up to Antietam• Lincoln needs a victory.• A victory in Maryland for Lee
could inspire a pro-Confederate uprising.
• NEUTRAL BORDER STATES LIKE; Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri were key factors in the outcome of the war.
• Union soldiers find Lee’s battle plans.– They were wrapped around some
cigars.
Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, MarylandBattle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland• Sept. 17, 1862Sept. 17, 1862• Lee vs. McClellanLee vs. McClellan• McClellan had Lee’s battle McClellan had Lee’s battle
plans & didn’t take plans & didn’t take advantageadvantage
•Bloodiest single Bloodiest single day battle in all day battle in all of U.S. historyof U.S. history
• No ground gained by No ground gained by either sideeither side
• Est. 25,000 dead or Est. 25,000 dead or woundedwounded
About this many
Americans
died at Antietam.
Battle of Antietam Cont.Battle of Antietam Cont.
• Lee retreated to Lee retreated to VirginiaVirginia
• McClellan didn’t McClellan didn’t followfollow– By being cautious, By being cautious,
he blew a chance he blew a chance to finish Lee off to finish Lee off
• Lincoln fired him Lincoln fired him in Nov. 1862in Nov. 1862
Bell Ringer
What was the Emancipation
Proclamation? Why was it important?
Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation• Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in Freed all slaves in areas of open areas of open rebellionrebellion
• Was justified by the Was justified by the Constitution as an Constitution as an implied implied power ,“power ,“military military actionaction””
• War now had 2 War now had 2 purposes: Preserve purposes: Preserve the Union, Liberation the Union, Liberation of Slaveryof Slavery
AgainstAgainst• Didn’t free any slavesDidn’t free any slaves
– Rebellious states didn’t Rebellious states didn’t recognize Lincoln’s recognize Lincoln’s authorityauthority
– Slaves in loyal states were Slaves in loyal states were not freednot freed
• Republicans: thought it Republicans: thought it didn’t go far enoughdidn’t go far enough
• Democrats: thought it was Democrats: thought it was too extremetoo extreme
ForFor• Statement against Statement against
slaveryslavery• Frederick DouglasFrederick Douglas• British were splitBritish were split• Redefined the warRedefined the war
– It was now about slaveryIt was now about slavery
• African Americans eager African Americans eager to join the Unionto join the Union
Split Opinions over Proclamation
African American SoldiersAfrican American Soldiers• The Emancipation The Emancipation
would allow African would allow African Americans to enlistAmericans to enlist
• Not Equal as Not Equal as soldiers- Given soldiers- Given worse jobs than worse jobs than whites, lower paidwhites, lower paid
• 5454thth Mass. Mass.– Lead by Col. Lead by Col.
Robert ShawRobert Shaw– Achieved fame at Achieved fame at
Fort WagnerFort Wagner• Killed if capturedKilled if captured
Bell RingerBell Ringer
What impact do What impact do you think the 54you think the 54thth
Massachusetts Massachusetts has on the Civil has on the Civil War? Explain.War? Explain.
Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863• Last Rebel stronghold
on the Mississippi River
• Grant besieged the city for 10 months
• City surrendered on July 4
IMPORTANCEIMPORTANCE
1. Union controlled the Miss. R.
2. South split in 2• Gettysburg &
Vicksburg = turning point in favor of Union