The Civil WarThe Civil War

GPS’sGPS’s

SS8H6 The student will analyze SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. Reconstruction on Georgia.

b. State the importance of key events of b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Civil War; include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.and Andersonville.

North versus SouthNorth versus SouthEQ:EQ:

Who had the most resources, the North or Who had the most resources, the North or South?South?

The NorthThe North

What was the North’s economy based on?What was the North’s economy based on?

IndustryIndustry

What was the South’s economy based on?What was the South’s economy based on?

AgricultureAgriculture

ResourcesResources

Economic – Economic –

North – firearms, boats, ships, iron, North – firearms, boats, ships, iron, cloth, and shoescloth, and shoes

South – cotton, corn, wheat, livestockSouth – cotton, corn, wheat, livestock

Human Resources – Human Resources –

North – 22 million peopleNorth – 22 million people

South – 9 million (including slaves)South – 9 million (including slaves)

Military – Military – North – 16,000 soldiersNorth – 16,000 soldiersSouth – zero – turned to state militia’s South – zero – turned to state militia’s

for troopsfor troops

Population & Railroad Mileage – Population & Railroad Mileage – North – 71%North – 71%South – 29%South – 29%

Manufacturing – Manufacturing – North – 85% North – 85% South – 15%South – 15%

Industrial Workers – Industrial Workers –

North – 92%North – 92%

South – 8%South – 8%

Georgia’s ResourcesGeorgia’s Resources

Industry – Georgia’s main industry Industry – Georgia’s main industry was milling grain into flour and meal; was milling grain into flour and meal; textile industry (i.e. cotton mills) also textile industry (i.e. cotton mills) also large industry.large industry.

Atlanta – factories produced military Atlanta – factories produced military and non-military goods such as and non-military goods such as pistols, cannons, and rails for pistols, cannons, and rails for railroads; a large arsenal made railroads; a large arsenal made bullets, saddles, and other military bullets, saddles, and other military supplies.supplies.

Agriculture – Confederate Agriculture – Confederate governments encouraged farmers to governments encouraged farmers to reduce cotton production and start reduce cotton production and start growing food.growing food.

Why would they do this?Why would they do this?

Because food would be greatly needed Because food would be greatly needed for the upcoming war between the for the upcoming war between the North and South. North and South.

Railroads – With over 1,400 miles of Railroads – With over 1,400 miles of railroads, Georgia had more railroads railroads, Georgia had more railroads than any other state in the South; than any other state in the South; the major railroads in the South ran the major railroads in the South ran through Atlanta.through Atlanta.

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

North – North –

Anaconda Plan – the North would place Anaconda Plan – the North would place blockades around the South’s waterways, blockades around the South’s waterways, preventing the South from exporting or preventing the South from exporting or importing goods.importing goods.

South – South –

King Cotton Diplomacy – the South believed King Cotton Diplomacy – the South believed that European countries would send them that European countries would send them aid in return for cottonaid in return for cotton

Whose plan failed and why?Whose plan failed and why?

The South’s because the other The South’s because the other countries did not want to get countries did not want to get involved in the war by helping out involved in the war by helping out the South. the South.

Military Strategies of the NorthMilitary Strategies of the North Many Northerners opposed this plan-they Many Northerners opposed this plan-they

wanted a quick end to the “rebellion.”wanted a quick end to the “rebellion.” Lincoln agreed that the federal Lincoln agreed that the federal

government had to force the South back government had to force the South back into the Union instead of waiting for them into the Union instead of waiting for them to surrender. That meant sending Union to surrender. That meant sending Union troops into the South to defeat the troops into the South to defeat the Confederate Army. Because Richmond, VA Confederate Army. Because Richmond, VA was the Confederate capital, Lincoln was the Confederate capital, Lincoln ordered federal troops into VA ordered federal troops into VA (summer of (summer of 1861).1861).

Military Strategies of the NorthMilitary Strategies of the North

Northern leaders expected a short conflict.Northern leaders expected a short conflict. Initial strategy- fight a limited war with little Initial strategy- fight a limited war with little

fighting.fighting. General Winfield Scott established General Winfield Scott established

Anaconda Plan- Anaconda Plan- a blockade of Northern a blockade of Northern ships around the Southern states’ coastline ships around the Southern states’ coastline (particularly at the(particularly at the mouth of the Mississippi River).mouth of the Mississippi River). This prevented the South from exporting This prevented the South from exporting cotton and receiving supplies thus strangling cotton and receiving supplies thus strangling the South like a snake strangling its prey.the South like a snake strangling its prey.

Military Strategies of the SouthMilitary Strategies of the South

Confederate leaders hoped North Confederate leaders hoped North would tire of war/accept Southern would tire of war/accept Southern independence.independence.

South hoped to break blockade with South hoped to break blockade with European helpEuropean help

South believed Europe’s need for South believed Europe’s need for cotton would win their support (cotton would win their support (King King Cotton DiplomacyCotton Diplomacy))– Europe found other sources of cottonEurope found other sources of cotton

Military Strategies of the SouthMilitary Strategies of the South

South used ships South used ships (blockade runners)(blockade runners) to to break blockadesbreak blockades

Sidney Lanier Sidney Lanier (famous GA poet)(famous GA poet) served a served a signal officer on a blockade runnersignal officer on a blockade runner

Merchants smuggled cotton out of GA Merchants smuggled cotton out of GA by Apalachicola River to Gulf Coast.by Apalachicola River to Gulf Coast.

““Mosquito Fleet” Mosquito Fleet” (smaller fleet of boats) (smaller fleet of boats)

helped blockade runners get into helped blockade runners get into Savannah harbor Savannah harbor (Josh Tatnall-Mosquito Fleet (Josh Tatnall-Mosquito Fleet commander)commander)

Fighting Begins in April 1861Fighting Begins in April 1861

Who fired the first shots of the Civil Who fired the first shots of the Civil War and where were the shots fired?War and where were the shots fired?

The Confederate Army fired the first The Confederate Army fired the first shots at Fort Sumter near Charleston, shots at Fort Sumter near Charleston, S.C.S.C.

Battle of Bull Run/ManassasBattle of Bull Run/Manassas

What was the name for first battle of What was the name for first battle of the Civil War?the Civil War?

The Battle of Bull Run/Battle of The Battle of Bull Run/Battle of Manassas.Manassas.

Who won the battle?Who won the battle?

The Confederate ArmyThe Confederate Army

Reasons for FightingReasons for Fighting

Northern troops thought they were Northern troops thought they were fighting to preserve the Union.fighting to preserve the Union.

Southern troops thought they were Southern troops thought they were fighting to guarantee the rights of fighting to guarantee the rights of the states to govern themselves the states to govern themselves (states’ rights).(states’ rights).

Confederate DraftConfederate Draft

The Confederate government passed The Confederate government passed the draft in April 1862. A draft is a the draft in April 1862. A draft is a law requiring citizens to serve in the law requiring citizens to serve in the military.military.

Ways to keep from being draftedWays to keep from being drafted

Anyone who was drafted could pay a fee Anyone who was drafted could pay a fee and hire a substitute to take his place.and hire a substitute to take his place.

Men in certain professions and Men in certain professions and government employees did not have to government employees did not have to serve; railroad employees, telegraph serve; railroad employees, telegraph operators, workers in cotton mills, mines, operators, workers in cotton mills, mines, and shoemakers were exempted.and shoemakers were exempted.

20-slave exemption – for every 20 slaves 20-slave exemption – for every 20 slaves on a plantation, 1 white man was on a plantation, 1 white man was exempted.exempted.

What did this mean for the rich?What did this mean for the rich?

Those with money did not have to Those with money did not have to serve in the military. (i.e. they could serve in the military. (i.e. they could pay fee to hire a substitute or if they pay fee to hire a substitute or if they had 20 or more slaves they would be had 20 or more slaves they would be exempted).exempted).

Food RiotsFood Riots

Supplies started to become scarcer.Supplies started to become scarcer. Southern women began to riot Southern women began to riot

because of the high prices placed on because of the high prices placed on food.food.

Women staged food riots, demanding Women staged food riots, demanding better rations and prices. better rations and prices.

Women’s Roles in the SouthWomen’s Roles in the South What did women do before the Civil War?What did women do before the Civil War?They performed household duties such as They performed household duties such as

cooking, cleaning, and raising children.cooking, cleaning, and raising children. With the men off to war, the women were left in With the men off to war, the women were left in

charge. They were responsible for all the farm charge. They were responsible for all the farm duties as well as the household tasks.duties as well as the household tasks.

Women worked in factories and also made Women worked in factories and also made military supplies.military supplies.

They served as spies and informants.They served as spies and informants. Some disguised themselves as men and Some disguised themselves as men and

enlisted to fight.enlisted to fight. Some were nurses and volunteers in military Some were nurses and volunteers in military

hospitals.hospitals.

African-American SoldiersAfrican-American Soldiers The Union army recruited freedmen from the The Union army recruited freedmen from the

South.South. The 54The 54thth Massachusetts Colored Volunteers – Massachusetts Colored Volunteers –

one of the first African-American regiments one of the first African-American regiments organized in the North.organized in the North.

By 1865, the Confederate Congress approved By 1865, the Confederate Congress approved drafting slaves, but none were actually called to drafting slaves, but none were actually called to serve as combat soldiers.serve as combat soldiers.

Why? Why?

If they were given a gun, they may shoot the If they were given a gun, they may shoot the white Confederate soldiers or run to the North white Confederate soldiers or run to the North and help them out.and help them out.

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

First conflict between North and First conflict between North and South that resulted in severe losses South that resulted in severe losses and showed how fierce later battles and showed how fierce later battles would be.would be.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

Bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil Bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War.War.

Over 23,000 Union and Confederate Over 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers had been killed or wounded.soldiers had been killed or wounded.

After the battle Lincoln signed the After the battle Lincoln signed the Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation which freed which freed all slaves in the Confederate states. all slaves in the Confederate states. This Proclamation This Proclamation did notdid not apply to apply to slave holding states in the Union.slave holding states in the Union.

Where did the bloodiest Where did the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil one-day battle of the Civil

War occur?War occur?

AntietamAntietam

After what battle was the After what battle was the Emancipation Emancipation

Proclamation issued?Proclamation issued?

AntietamAntietam

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

Robert E. Lee was the Confederate Robert E. Lee was the Confederate commander at the Battle of commander at the Battle of Gettysburg.Gettysburg.

Over 28,000 Confederate soldiers and Over 28,000 Confederate soldiers and 23,000 Union soldiers were injured or 23,000 Union soldiers were injured or dead.dead.

Largest/deadliest battle of Civil WarLargest/deadliest battle of Civil War Lincoln gave his famous speech Lincoln gave his famous speech The The

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address here. here.

Where was the largest Where was the largest battle of the Civil War battle of the Civil War

held?held?

GettysburgGettysburg

Who was the Confederate Who was the Confederate commander at the Battle commander at the Battle

of Gettysburg?of Gettysburg?

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

What was the name of What was the name of Lincoln’s famous speech Lincoln’s famous speech

that was given in that was given in Gettysburg, Gettysburg,

Pennsylvania?Pennsylvania?

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

Chickamauga & ChattanoogaChickamauga & Chattanooga

Chickamauga was a major railroad center.Chickamauga was a major railroad center. Confederate General Broxton Bragg Confederate General Broxton Bragg

defeated Union forces here in northern defeated Union forces here in northern Georgia.Georgia.

Union forces retreated to Chattanooga.Union forces retreated to Chattanooga. Bragg’s army did not follow up on the Bragg’s army did not follow up on the

Union retreat.Union retreat. Grant (Union) headed in with more troops Grant (Union) headed in with more troops

and recaptured Chattanooga, forcing and recaptured Chattanooga, forcing Bragg to retreat south to Dalton.Bragg to retreat south to Dalton.

Why was Chickamauga Why was Chickamauga important?important?

Because it was a major Because it was a major railroad center in northern railroad center in northern Georgia near TennesseeGeorgia near Tennessee

What happened after the What happened after the Confederate army won the battle at Confederate army won the battle at Chickamauga?Chickamauga?

The Confederate army did not chase The Confederate army did not chase the retreat of the Union army and the retreat of the Union army and Grant came in with more troops, Grant came in with more troops, overtook Chattanooga, and forced overtook Chattanooga, and forced the Confederate troops south to the Confederate troops south to Dalton.Dalton.

More battlesMore battles

Small battles were fought at Dalton, Small battles were fought at Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, and New Hope Church.and New Hope Church.

This was a different type of battle for This was a different type of battle for soldiers on both sides of the war because soldiers on both sides of the war because soldiers were used to fighting a big battle.soldiers were used to fighting a big battle.

Sherman (Union) moved around/flanked Sherman (Union) moved around/flanked Johnston’s (Confederacy) forces, avoiding Johnston’s (Confederacy) forces, avoiding major battles.major battles.

The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was the The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was the first major battle near Atlanta soil.first major battle near Atlanta soil.

What next?What next?

Sherman’s plan was to march Sherman’s plan was to march through Georgia, take Atlanta, and through Georgia, take Atlanta, and then proceed to Savannah; then turn then proceed to Savannah; then turn north through South Carolina and north through South Carolina and North Carolina.North Carolina.

Sherman’s campaign differed from Sherman’s campaign differed from other types of war for soldiers on other types of war for soldiers on

both sides. How did it differ?both sides. How did it differ?

The soldiers were used to The soldiers were used to fighting a big battle rather fighting a big battle rather than several small battles.than several small battles.

What was the first What was the first major battle on Georgia major battle on Georgia

soil?soil?

The Battle of Kennesaw The Battle of Kennesaw MountainMountain

AtlantaAtlanta

Sherman (Union) shelled the city of Sherman (Union) shelled the city of Atlanta for almost 40 days and Atlanta for almost 40 days and burned it to the ground before burned it to the ground before leaving for Savannah.leaving for Savannah.

What did Sherman do What did Sherman do before leaving for before leaving for

Savannah?Savannah?

He burned the city of He burned the city of Atlanta to the ground.Atlanta to the ground.

““March to the Sea”March to the Sea” After burning Atlanta, Sherman wanted to After burning Atlanta, Sherman wanted to

take his army through the middle of take his army through the middle of Georgia, all the way to Savannah.Georgia, all the way to Savannah.

Sherman waged a total war against Sherman waged a total war against everything that supported enemy troops.everything that supported enemy troops.

Sherman’s troops tore up rail lines and Sherman’s troops tore up rail lines and destroyed crops. destroyed crops.

They burned homes and businesses of They burned homes and businesses of those who put up resistance.those who put up resistance.

What was the name given What was the name given for Sherman’s plan to for Sherman’s plan to march from Atlanta march from Atlanta

through the middle of through the middle of Georgia to Savannah?Georgia to Savannah?

The March to the SeaThe March to the Sea

What was included in Sherman’s What was included in Sherman’s total war against Georgia?total war against Georgia?

The war was not only against enemy troops, The war was not only against enemy troops, but everything that supported the enemy.but everything that supported the enemy.

They tore up rail lines and destroyed crops.They tore up rail lines and destroyed crops.They destroyed homes and buildings in any They destroyed homes and buildings in any

area area ifif they encountered resistance. they encountered resistance. Sherman's Neckties Destroy Confederate Rail — History.com Video

AndersonvilleAndersonville

Andersonville was a Confederate Andersonville was a Confederate prison on 26 acres of land.prison on 26 acres of land.

It was meant to hold 10,000 Union It was meant to hold 10,000 Union prisoners but eventually held over prisoners but eventually held over 33,000 prisoners. 33,000 prisoners.

Almost 13,000 Union prisoners died Almost 13,000 Union prisoners died from disease, starvation, and horrible from disease, starvation, and horrible living conditions before the end of living conditions before the end of the war.the war.

Where was the Where was the Confederate prison for Confederate prison for

Union prisoners?Union prisoners?

Andersonville, GeorgiaAndersonville, Georgia

What happened in What happened in Andersonville, Andersonville,

Georgia?Georgia?

Over 33,000 Union prisoners were Over 33,000 Union prisoners were held here. held here.

Almost 13,000 Union prisoners died Almost 13,000 Union prisoners died from disease, starvation, and from disease, starvation, and horrible living conditions.horrible living conditions.

SavannahSavannah

Throughout the war, Union forces had not been Throughout the war, Union forces had not been able to take Savannah by the sea.able to take Savannah by the sea.

On December 21, 1864, Union troops marched On December 21, 1864, Union troops marched into Savannah and took the city because into Savannah and took the city because Savannah was not prepared for a land invasion. Savannah was not prepared for a land invasion.

Sherman sent a wire to President Lincoln Sherman sent a wire to President Lincoln announcing that Sherman was presenting announcing that Sherman was presenting Lincoln the city of Savannah as a Christmas gift.Lincoln the city of Savannah as a Christmas gift.

After taking Savannah, Sherman’s troops After taking Savannah, Sherman’s troops turned north into South Carolina.turned north into South Carolina.

How did Union forces How did Union forces overtake Savannah?overtake Savannah?

By a surprise attack by By a surprise attack by land.land.

What did Sherman send What did Sherman send to Lincoln after overtaking to Lincoln after overtaking

Savannah?Savannah?

He sent a wire to Lincoln He sent a wire to Lincoln telling him that he was telling him that he was

giving him Savannah as a giving him Savannah as a Christmas gift.Christmas gift.

Where did Sherman’s Where did Sherman’s troops go after overtaking troops go after overtaking

Savannah?Savannah?

North toward South North toward South Carolina.Carolina.

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House

Lee surrendered to Grant at Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia on Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9, 1865.April 9, 1865.

Where and when did Where and when did Lee surrender to Lee surrender to

Grant?Grant?

Lee surrendered to Grant Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court at Appomattox Court

House, Virginia, on April 9, House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865.1865.

President LincolnPresident Lincoln President Lincoln was killed by John President Lincoln was killed by John

Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater on Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater on April 14, 1865.April 14, 1865.

American Civil War Video — History.com

Abraham Lincoln — History.com Video

Who killed Lincoln and Who killed Lincoln and where was he killed?where was he killed?

John Wilkes Booth killed John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford’s theater.Lincoln at Ford’s theater.