The Civil WarThe Civil War

Social Studies Lesson Power PointSocial Studies Lesson Power Point

Laura G. Sarah T. Sheena S.Laura G. Sarah T. Sheena S.

ED 639ED 639

The Civil War- Factors The Civil War- Factors Leading Up to the WarLeading Up to the War

88thth grade American History grade American History

ObjectivesObjectives

At the completion of this lesson, students At the completion of this lesson, students will be able to:will be able to: recognize the political, economic, recognize the political, economic,

geographic, and social factors that geographic, and social factors that influenced the outbreak of warinfluenced the outbreak of war

Identify and define the major events/actsIdentify and define the major events/acts

MaterialsMaterials

TextbookTextbook Atlas Atlas Handouts-maps, court materials, political Handouts-maps, court materials, political

cartoonscartoons Colored pencilsColored pencils Note-taking materialsNote-taking materials

Useful Websites Useful Websites

The History PlaceCivilwar.com

American Civil War

The American Civil War Page

The Civil War

Economic IssuesEconomic Issues Tariffs, Tariffs, TariffsTariffs, Tariffs, Tariffs

A tariff is a tax paid on importsA tariff is a tax paid on imports Hurt South because it raised the price of goods Hurt South because it raised the price of goods

that they had to buy; Protected North because they that they had to buy; Protected North because they could make their own goods and made it easier to could make their own goods and made it easier to compete with foreign goodscompete with foreign goods

South was paying almost 87% of tariff revenue South was paying almost 87% of tariff revenue while abolitionists were attacking their way of life. while abolitionists were attacking their way of life. How would this make you feel?How would this make you feel?

Tariff of Abomination-1828, was revised in 1833 Tariff of Abomination-1828, was revised in 1833 under threat of secessionunder threat of secession

Secession and Secession and NullificationNullification

Idea 1Idea 1stst appeared during War of 1812 when New appeared during War of 1812 when New Englanders were upset with the warEnglanders were upset with the war

The 1828 Tariff was viewed as unfair and threatening to The 1828 Tariff was viewed as unfair and threatening to the Souththe South

VP John C. Calhoun wrote “The South Carolina VP John C. Calhoun wrote “The South Carolina Exposition and Protest” advocating the right to nullify Exposition and Protest” advocating the right to nullify federal laws –South Carolina followed his advicefederal laws –South Carolina followed his advice

Andrew Jackson managed to avoid a war during the Andrew Jackson managed to avoid a war during the Nullification Crisis by allowing a reduced tariff to be Nullification Crisis by allowing a reduced tariff to be passedpassed

Key issue was about states’ rightsKey issue was about states’ rights

The Issue of Slavery and The Issue of Slavery and ExpansionExpansion

The Constitution failed to end slaveryThe Constitution failed to end slavery It gave South an advantage in House and the It gave South an advantage in House and the

Presidency with the 3/5 clausePresidency with the 3/5 clause

Cotton Gin (by Eli Whitney) revived the Cotton Gin (by Eli Whitney) revived the importance of cotton and therefore slaveryimportance of cotton and therefore slavery

Slavery was an important aspect to the Slavery was an important aspect to the Southern economy- cash crops/plantationsSouthern economy- cash crops/plantations Only 26% of whites in South owned slaves, yet Only 26% of whites in South owned slaves, yet

slaves were 1/3-1/2 of the populationslaves were 1/3-1/2 of the population Why would non-slave holders support slavery?Why would non-slave holders support slavery?

AbolitionAbolition The religious revivals of the 1820’s made The religious revivals of the 1820’s made

ABOLITIONISM an important issueABOLITIONISM an important issue Believed slavery was evil; wanted to abolish Believed slavery was evil; wanted to abolish

slavery. Used publications slavery. Used publications (The Liberator(The Liberator), petitions, ), petitions, and more extreme measures to end slavery.and more extreme measures to end slavery.

Others:Others: Free-soilers- wanted to only limit the expansion of slaveryFree-soilers- wanted to only limit the expansion of slavery Colonialists- wanted to end slavery and return them back Colonialists- wanted to end slavery and return them back

to Africa; advocated by Monroe, Lincoln, and many other to Africa; advocated by Monroe, Lincoln, and many other politicians and Northernerspoliticians and Northerners What present day country is a result of this idea?What present day country is a result of this idea?

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass Runaway SlaveRunaway Slave Joined abolitionist movement; was anti-colonizationJoined abolitionist movement; was anti-colonization Was hired by William Lloyd Garrison as a speaker; Was hired by William Lloyd Garrison as a speaker;

became world famousbecame world famous Also supported equal political rights for womenAlso supported equal political rights for women May 1845, 5,000 copies of his book May 1845, 5,000 copies of his book Narrative of the Narrative of the

Life of Frederick Douglass, an American SlaveLife of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave were were publishedpublished

1847 published own paper 1847 published own paper North StarNorth Star in Rochester, in Rochester, NYNY

During Civil War, served as advisor to Lincoln During Civil War, served as advisor to Lincoln What made Douglass so famous and so controversial?What made Douglass so famous and so controversial?

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise•Created by Henry ClayCreated by Henry Clay•Admitted Missouri as a slave state (1821), Maine as Admitted Missouri as a slave state (1821), Maine as a free state (1820); Kept the balance; Created a free state (1820); Kept the balance; Created free/slave line at 36’30°N in hopes of resolving future free/slave line at 36’30°N in hopes of resolving future issuesissues•Western expansion was the desire and fear of both Western expansion was the desire and fear of both sidessides

•New states would create an imbalance in New states would create an imbalance in Congress Congress

•Made the imbalance of states and slavery a major Made the imbalance of states and slavery a major issue in the political arenaissue in the political arena

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850 Collection of 5 compromises created by Henry Collection of 5 compromises created by Henry

Clay as a way to keep the Union together Clay as a way to keep the Union together following the acquisition of territory from the following the acquisition of territory from the Mexican WarMexican War Texas would relinquish the disputed land (for $10 Texas would relinquish the disputed land (for $10

million to pay off its debt to Mexico)million to pay off its debt to Mexico) NM, NV, UT, & AZ would be added without NM, NV, UT, & AZ would be added without

mentioning slaverymentioning slavery Slave trade would be abolished in DC (slavery Slave trade would be abolished in DC (slavery

would still be legal)would still be legal) California would be a free stateCalifornia would be a free state Fugitive Slave Law would be enactedFugitive Slave Law would be enacted

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Kept the Union together for Kept the Union together for

another decade, but…another decade, but… The Fugitive Slave Law was the The Fugitive Slave Law was the

most controversial of the actsmost controversial of the acts It required citizens to aid in the It required citizens to aid in the

recovery of fugitive slaves and recovery of fugitive slaves and denied fugitives to a trial by jurydenied fugitives to a trial by jury

Abolitionists resolved to end Abolitionists resolved to end slavery immediatelyslavery immediately

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act Passed by Congress on May 30, Passed by Congress on May 30,

1854; allowed the people of 1854; allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they would be free or whether they would be free or slaveslave

Repealed the Missouri Repealed the Missouri Compromise since the states Compromise since the states were north of the 36’30were north of the 36’30°N line°N line Upset many Northerners who saw Upset many Northerners who saw

line as a permanent agreement; line as a permanent agreement; was supported by many was supported by many Southerners as a way of expanding Southerners as a way of expanding slavery and political supportslavery and political support

Aftermath of K-N Act: Bloody KansasAftermath of K-N Act: Bloody Kansas Both pro- and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Both pro- and anti-slavery settlers rushed to

Kansas to affect the voteKansas to affect the vote Pro-slavery won out, but the election was seen Pro-slavery won out, but the election was seen

as fraudulent; another anti-slavery election as fraudulent; another anti-slavery election was held- Result? 2 legislatures!was held- Result? 2 legislatures!

Violence erupted, led by John BrownViolence erupted, led by John Brown President Pierce sent troops to stop the President Pierce sent troops to stop the

violence; another election was held, but it too violence; another election was held, but it too was charged with fraud and Congress refused was charged with fraud and Congress refused to recognize Kansas as a state (until 1861 as a to recognize Kansas as a state (until 1861 as a free state)free state)

John BrownJohn Brown•Raised in North by deeply religious, radical abolitionists

•Met Frederick Douglas in 1847

•Waged a war against those who supported slavery in Kansas

•On Oct. 16,1859, he led 21 other men on an assault against Harper’s Ferry, a federal arsenal.

•Was put down by Federal troops led by Lee

•He was tried of treason and executed

•Seen as a martyr for the abolitionist cause and a major threat to Southerners (and many Northerners)

•List some reasons why both Southerners and Northerners would be opposed to abolition.

Dred-Scott Decision-1857Dred-Scott Decision-1857 Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Illinois Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Illinois

and Wisconsin (free states), then was moved and Wisconsin (free states), then was moved back to Missouri (a slave state)back to Missouri (a slave state)

He appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes He appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes to gain his freedomto gain his freedom

Court ruled that Scott was black, therefore not Court ruled that Scott was black, therefore not a citizen and had no right to sue and should a citizen and had no right to sue and should be treated as propertybe treated as property

This ruling incited abolitionists; however, This ruling incited abolitionists; however, Douglass believed the decision would bring to Douglass believed the decision would bring to light the issue of slavery and its eventual light the issue of slavery and its eventual downfalldownfall

Student ActivitiesStudent Activities

1. Write a persuasive letter for war 1. Write a persuasive letter for war from the viewpoint of a Southerner from the viewpoint of a Southerner or a Northerneror a Northerner 1-2 pages in length1-2 pages in length Use at least 3 of the discussed Use at least 3 of the discussed

factors to create your argumentfactors to create your argument

2. Complete a Map 2. Complete a Map Activity and Answer the Activity and Answer the QuestionsQuestions On the map:On the map: Identify the territories and Identify the territories and

the new states that were the new states that were added and whenadded and when

identify the states that identify the states that remained in the Unionremained in the Union

the border statesthe border states the states that seceded the states that seceded

with the dates of secessionwith the dates of secession

3. Analyze the political 3. Analyze the political cartoons.cartoons. What do the cartoons mean?What do the cartoons mean? Who is the intended audience?Who is the intended audience? Compare with a modern Compare with a modern

political cartoon. What are the political cartoon. What are the similarities? Differences?similarities? Differences?

4. Divide into 2 groups, 1 a defense team and 1 a 4. Divide into 2 groups, 1 a defense team and 1 a prosecuting team. Recreate the trial of Dred Scott prosecuting team. Recreate the trial of Dred Scott using the arguments of the historical players and using the arguments of the historical players and original arguments.original arguments.

5. Create a timeline of events that helped 5. Create a timeline of events that helped lead to the eruption of the Civil War in 1861.lead to the eruption of the Civil War in 1861.