The Civil WarThe Civil WarThe North Gains Momentum The North Gains Momentum 1863 - 18651863 - 1865

New York Draft Riots - 1863New York Draft Riots - 1863North Needs Recruits – North Needs Recruits – the # of volunteers is the # of volunteers is falling and the war is longfalling and the war is long

Draft Law Passed, but…Draft Law Passed, but…$300 could buy you out…$300 could buy you out…or you could find a sub…or you could find a sub…

Irish riots when black Irish riots when black replace them as workers replace them as workers on the docks.on the docks.

Threat of draft boostedThreat of draft boosted enlistmentsenlistments

Three Battles Change the WarThree Battles Change the WarChancellorsville, VA Chancellorsville, VA - May 3 & 4, 1863 - May 3 & 4, 1863

Lee, Jackson and Stuart beat a larger Union Army but Lee, Jackson and Stuart beat a larger Union Army but Jackson dies of pneumonia after being shot 3 times.Jackson dies of pneumonia after being shot 3 times.

• Vicksburg, MSVicksburg, MS – May - July 1863 – May - July 1863 Grant moves down the Grant moves down the Mississippi, captures Jackson MS, shelled Vicksburg from land and Mississippi, captures Jackson MS, shelled Vicksburg from land and the river. Starves the rebels out – surrender on July 4th.the river. Starves the rebels out – surrender on July 4th.

• Gettysburg, PAGettysburg, PA – – • July 2July 2ndnd 3 3rdrd & 4 & 4thth

• Lee’s planned Lee’s planned

invasion of the invasion of the

North dies here. North dies here.

51,000 men died. 51,000 men died.

South effort begins South effort begins

to slow and the war to slow and the war

turns for the North.turns for the North.

Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressLincoln’s Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863November 1863

• Lincoln invited to speak…last minute…at a cemetery dedication. Gave a two minute speech.

• Asks that lives given to preserve the nation not be in vain.

• Impact – Unites the Country. Made us a single nation.

“…that this nation, under God… and that government of the people, by the people for the people, shall not perish from this earth.”

• Ironic that an afterthought could live on so famously.

Confederacy “Entices” EnglandConfederacy “Entices” England

• Agents James Mason & John Slidell coax English to support & recognize Confederacy as a nation.

• “King Cotton” Diplomacy – British needed cotton!

• James Dunwoody Bulloch worked undercover for 5 British built Confederate ships smuggled to America.

Confederacy Wears DownConfederacy Wears Down

• No help from England & France – Cotton “boycott” fails and No help from England & France – Cotton “boycott” fails and no recognition of Confederacy as a real nation.no recognition of Confederacy as a real nation.

• Army spread out, losing leaders in battles. Army spread out, losing leaders in battles.

• Losing resources as North captures territory, plantations & Losing resources as North captures territory, plantations & slaves are freed. Soldiers deserting armies.slaves are freed. Soldiers deserting armies.

• Severe fighting among Confederate states about supplying Severe fighting among Confederate states about supplying armies to fight away from their home states.armies to fight away from their home states.

1864 & 1865• Lincoln appoints Grant Supreme Commander of all Union Lincoln appoints Grant Supreme Commander of all Union

forces – fires General George McLellan.forces – fires General George McLellan.

• Grant appoints William T. Sherman Commander of the West.Grant appoints William T. Sherman Commander of the West.

• Both believe in Both believe in Total War Total War – fight armies – fight armies andand civilians, to civilians, to undermine their will to fight.undermine their will to fight.

• Both engage rebels in new campaigns pushing East.Both engage rebels in new campaigns pushing East.

Grant’s Relentless PushGrant’s Relentless Push

• Attacks Lee’s forces wherever they are and whenever Attacks Lee’s forces wherever they are and whenever he can. Give them no rest. he can. Give them no rest.

• Battles in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Battles in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg cost Grant 65,000 men to Lee’s and Petersburg cost Grant 65,000 men to Lee’s 35,000. Grant could replace them…Lee could not.35,000. Grant could replace them…Lee could not.

• General Philip Sheriden fought in Northern VA & General Philip Sheriden fought in Northern VA & Grant pursued Lee to Richmond, the Capitol.Grant pursued Lee to Richmond, the Capitol.

Sherman Marches to the Sea Sherman Marches to the Sea

• September 1864 – Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman September 1864 – Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman moves from Tennessee to Atlanta, rail center of the moves from Tennessee to Atlanta, rail center of the Confederacy. Confederacy.

• Destroys everything in his path to make sure Destroys everything in his path to make sure civilians get sick of fighting.civilians get sick of fighting.

• By December 1864, they reached Savannah, on the By December 1864, they reached Savannah, on the coast, occupied it and turned north to help Grant.coast, occupied it and turned north to help Grant.

Lincoln Re-ElectedLincoln Re-Elected

• Election of 1864 : 3 CandidatesElection of 1864 : 3 Candidates

Lincoln (Nat’l Union – Lincoln (Nat’l Union – RenamedRenamed Republicans) Republicans)John Fremont (“Radical” Republicans)John Fremont (“Radical” Republicans)

George McClellan (Democrat)George McClellan (Democrat)

Lincoln not optimistic about winning, but with Lincoln not optimistic about winning, but with good news from South & in Virginia on the war, good news from South & in Virginia on the war, plus absentee ballots from soldiers, he won. plus absentee ballots from soldiers, he won.

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox

• April 2, 1865 – Grant beats Lee in No. Virginia.

• Jefferson Davis abandons Richmond & burns it

• April 9,1865…Lee meets Grant and formally surrenders.