The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design:Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction inRemovable Partial Denture

Ranier M. Adarve, DMD,MHPEdGraduate ProsthodonticsUniversity of Minnesota

OVERVIEW

The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design:Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction inRemovable Partial Denture

•Computer-Based Instruction•Cognitive Psychology of Learning•Design Guidelines

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

CBI •An accessible, interactive and flexibleway of giving multimedia presentationsthat utilize textual materials, visuals,sounds and motions.

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

CBI •Development of PC’s in 1981•Extensively used in Education•Computer-Aided Learning (CAL)•Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

CBI •How effective is CBI in achieving educational outcomes?

? •Does CBI/Multimedia influence Learning?

•Is CBI just a form of delivery of Instruction?

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

CBI

Does it affect nutrition?

Does it influence Learning?Delivery of Instruction

TRUCK Delivery of Groceries

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

Effective Computer-Based Instruction

is based on Principles of Learning

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)

BEHAVIORISM•1910-1960•Behavioral objectives•Observable constructs•Mastery learning•Drills and Tutorials

COGNITIVISM•1970-1990•Internal Processes•Unobservable constructs•Information-processing•Tutorials and Tests

CONSTRUCTIVISM•1990-Present•Constructed Knowledge•Interpretation of reality•Collaborative learning•Simulations and Hypermedia

Principles of Learning

Cognitive Psychology of Learning

Cognitivism•Process of Knowing•Active engagement•Unobservable Constructs

•Perception and Attention•Encoding of Information•Memory•Comprehension•Active Learning•Motivation•Transfer of Learning•Metacognition

MULTIMEDIA DESIGN

CBI

Needs Analysis School of Dentistry

Fourth Year Clinical

Third Year Clinical

Second Year Pre-Clinical

First Year Pre-Clinical

DENTAL CURRICULUM

Clinical Prosthodontics

Pre-Clinical Prosthodontics

SCOPE

INTEGRATION PROBLEM

XClassroom-Based

Learning

Patient-Based Learning

CURRENT METHODOLOGY

CBI

Vertical IntegrationHorizontal Integration

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) in Removable Partial Denture

•Supplement RPD Course•4 Modules•WebCT•CD-ROM and Website•Macromedia Flash

Design Guidelines

•Use both Graphics and Text•Graphics should be relevant rather than decorative

1MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE

•Mentally making connections between pictorial and verbal representations

Design Guidelines

•Graphics and Text should be placed in close proximity•Avoid scrolling screens•Avoid directions and feedbacks accessed from links

2CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE

•Integrating text and graphics results from a reduced need for search

Design Guidelines 3MODALITY PRINCIPLE

PRINTED WORDS

PICTURES

MULTIMEDIA

EARS

EYES

SENSORY MEMORY

PHONETIC PROCESSING

VISUAL PROCESSING

WORKING MEMORY

•Present Words as Audio Narration

•Overloading of Visual Channel

narration

Design Guidelines 4REDUNDANCY PRINCIPLE

•Overloading of Visual Channel

PRINTED WORDS

PICTURES

MULTIMEDIA

EARS

EYES

SENSORY MEMORY

PHONETIC PROCESSING

VISUAL PROCESSING

WORKING MEMORY

NARRATION

•Don’t Present Words and Audio Narration at the same time

Design Guidelines

•Avoid extraneous elements: Entertaining stories Background music and sound Detailed textual descriptions

5COHERENCE PRINCIPLE

•Causes distraction, disruption, seduction, thus harming learning process

Design Guidelines

•Use conversational style rather than formal style

•Language :”you”, “I”, “we”

6PERSONALIZATION PRINCIPLE

•Learner works harder to understand the material when they feel they are in conversation with a partner

Design Guidelines

•Apply Media Principles:•Multimedia•Contiguity•Coherence

7DESIGN OF PRACTICE OPPORTUNITIES

•Engage learners to selecting, integrating and retrieving processes

Design Guidelines

•On Screen Coach•On Screen Character•Talking-head video•Virtual person

8USE OF PEDAGOGICAL AGENT

•Encourage learners to do reflective learning and development of metacognitive skills

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

PRINICIPLES•Multimedia•Contiguity•Modality

•Redundancy•Coherence

•Personalization•Practice opportunities

•Pedagogical Agent

EFFECTIVE

CBI

RECAPITULATION

THANK YOU