The Cold War

1946-1989Winston Churchill states: “An Iron Curtain has descended across the continent (Europe)”. Symbolizes division of democracy/communism

1946-1989Winston Churchill states: “An Iron Curtain has descended across the continent (Europe)”. Symbolizes division of democracy/communism

USA deters CommunismTruman Doctrine -to show support for

Greece to maintain democracy, US supplies $ to prevent communism.

Marshall Plan -US allots $13 billion to European countries to rebuild in hopes they will opt for democratic gov. George Marshall, Sec. of St.

Policy of Containment -US vows not to let communism spread.

Truman Doctrine -to show support for Greece to maintain democracy, US supplies $ to prevent communism.

Marshall Plan -US allots $13 billion to European countries to rebuild in hopes they will opt for democratic gov. George Marshall, Sec. of St.

Policy of Containment -US vows not to let communism spread.

Treaty OrganizationsNATO -North Atlantic Treaty Org.:

US, Canada, Brit., France, Neth., Italy, others. Later W. Germany. (Dem.)

Warsaw Pact -USSR, Poland, Czech., Hungary, Romania, others. (Comm.)

SEATO -Southeast Asia Treaty Org.(Dem.)

CENTO -Central Treaty Org.: US, Brit., Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan. (Dem.)

NATO -North Atlantic Treaty Org.: US, Canada, Brit., France, Neth., Italy, others. Later W. Germany. (Dem.)

Warsaw Pact -USSR, Poland, Czech., Hungary, Romania, others. (Comm.)

SEATO -Southeast Asia Treaty Org.(Dem.)

CENTO -Central Treaty Org.: US, Brit., Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan. (Dem.)

Berlin 1948

Berlin Airlift Feb. 1948

Stalin establishes blockade preventing food, fuel, medicine from reaching West Berlin. Goal was to drive out US, French, British forces.

Truman airlifts supplies for 11 months, Stalin gave up.

Threatened possibility of war.

Stalin establishes blockade preventing food, fuel, medicine from reaching West Berlin. Goal was to drive out US, French, British forces.

Truman airlifts supplies for 11 months, Stalin gave up.

Threatened possibility of war.

Arms Race

USSR develops atomic bomb.1953-US develops Hydrogen bomb,

over a thousand times more powerful than atomic bomb. USSR gets it eight months later.

Deterrence or Brinkmanship -idea that each side has so many weapons, no one would threaten war.

USSR develops atomic bomb.1953-US develops Hydrogen bomb,

over a thousand times more powerful than atomic bomb. USSR gets it eight months later.

Deterrence or Brinkmanship -idea that each side has so many weapons, no one would threaten war.

More Technology

ICBM -Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, a nuclear bomb in a rocket.

Sputnik -USSR launches first successful orbiting satellite in 1957.

U-2 Spy Plane -plane that takes photographs below. USSR shot down American Gary Powers. Increased tension between superpowers.

Soviets put first man in space, Yuri Gagarin in 1961, USA puts Alan Shepard in space later that year.

ICBM -Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, a nuclear bomb in a rocket.

Sputnik -USSR launches first successful orbiting satellite in 1957.

U-2 Spy Plane -plane that takes photographs below. USSR shot down American Gary Powers. Increased tension between superpowers.

Soviets put first man in space, Yuri Gagarin in 1961, USA puts Alan Shepard in space later that year.

Communist Control China

Mao Zedong leads communist defeat over Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist army after WW II. Nationalists fled to island of Taiwan.

USA increased anti-communist feelings after Mao signs treaty w/ USSR. China expanded its control

Mao Zedong leads communist defeat over Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist army after WW II. Nationalists fled to island of Taiwan.

USA increased anti-communist feelings after Mao signs treaty w/ USSR. China expanded its control

Mao and Marxist Socialism

Transforms farming, industry.Great Leap Forward -set up communes

for peasants to farm and live together-major failure.

Territorial disputes lead to decline of relationship with USSR.

Cultural Revolution -Mao closed schools, used youth as Red Guards to enforce new policies on peasants and anyone who resisted new government.

Transforms farming, industry.Great Leap Forward -set up communes

for peasants to farm and live together-major failure.

Territorial disputes lead to decline of relationship with USSR.

Cultural Revolution -Mao closed schools, used youth as Red Guards to enforce new policies on peasants and anyone who resisted new government.

War in Korea

Korea divided at 38th Parallel, north is communist and supported by USSR and China. South is democratic supported by USA, UN.

3 yrs. Fighting, 4 million deaths, UN & N. Korea agree to stop. A new line near 38th was drawn.

US succeeds in “containment”

Korea divided at 38th Parallel, north is communist and supported by USSR and China. South is democratic supported by USA, UN.

3 yrs. Fighting, 4 million deaths, UN & N. Korea agree to stop. A new line near 38th was drawn.

US succeeds in “containment”

New American President

Dwight Eisenhower (”Ike”) - WWII hero elected in 1952 & 1956. Vice President is Richard Nixon who will lose to Kennedy in 1960, but will win in ‘68.

Dwight Eisenhower (”Ike”) - WWII hero elected in 1952 & 1956. Vice President is Richard Nixon who will lose to Kennedy in 1960, but will win in ‘68.

Death of Stalin in 1953

Nikita Khrushchev takes over leadership of USSR in 1955.

Used process of De-Stalinization to ease tension of citizens but maintained strong communist state.

John F. Kennedy elected president of USA in 1960

Nikita Khrushchev takes over leadership of USSR in 1955.

Used process of De-Stalinization to ease tension of citizens but maintained strong communist state.

John F. Kennedy elected president of USA in 1960

Khrushchev Era

Khrushchev condemned Stalin’s “administrative violence, mass repression, and terror”

De-Stalinization - loosened control of literary works (Solzhenitsyn’s book on a Siberian forced labor camp). Produced more consumer goods.

Failed economy, Cuban crisis forced him out.

Khrushchev condemned Stalin’s “administrative violence, mass repression, and terror”

De-Stalinization - loosened control of literary works (Solzhenitsyn’s book on a Siberian forced labor camp). Produced more consumer goods.

Failed economy, Cuban crisis forced him out.

Vietnam

Domino Theory -idea that if one nation in SE Asia fell to communism, all the rest would too

North was communist, led by Ho Chi Minh, help from China. South, led by Ngo Dinh Diem democratic support from USA.

Countries divided at 17th Parallel.Viet Cong -South Vietnamese guerillas

who wanted communism.

Domino Theory -idea that if one nation in SE Asia fell to communism, all the rest would too

North was communist, led by Ho Chi Minh, help from China. South, led by Ngo Dinh Diem democratic support from USA.

Countries divided at 17th Parallel.Viet Cong -South Vietnamese guerillas

who wanted communism.

20 year struggle

Vietnamese nationalists and communists fought to rid France’s colonization and won in 1954.

USA and France set up anti-comm. Gov. south of 17th par. Vietcong began the fight backed by N.Viet.

From 1960-1969, US escalates involvement.

Vietnamese nationalists and communists fought to rid France’s colonization and won in 1954.

USA and France set up anti-comm. Gov. south of 17th par. Vietcong began the fight backed by N.Viet.

From 1960-1969, US escalates involvement.

Vietnamization

US began to withdraw troops in 1969 hoping South Vietnam could battle themselves=vietnamization.

Protests against war forced Pres. Nixon to completely w/d by 1973. 58,OOO Americans died, North Vietnam eventually won and made the south communist.

US began to withdraw troops in 1969 hoping South Vietnam could battle themselves=vietnamization.

Protests against war forced Pres. Nixon to completely w/d by 1973. 58,OOO Americans died, North Vietnam eventually won and made the south communist.

Cambodia 1975

Communist rebels known as Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot killed 2 million, 1/4 of population to achieve a Communist nation.

1978, Vietnam invaded and installed a less repressive gov.

USA normalized relations with Vietnam in 1995.

Communist rebels known as Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot killed 2 million, 1/4 of population to achieve a Communist nation.

1978, Vietnam invaded and installed a less repressive gov.

USA normalized relations with Vietnam in 1995.

CubaFidel Castro overthrew an unpopular

dictator (Batista) in 1959, at first was welcomed.

Became a harsh dictator who killed opponents, suspended elections & controlled the press. Nationalized industry. USA cut relations.

Cuba turned to USSR for support.USA failed at a government takeover

with an invasion at the Bay of Pigs using trained Cuban exiles.

Fidel Castro overthrew an unpopular dictator (Batista) in 1959, at first was welcomed.

Became a harsh dictator who killed opponents, suspended elections & controlled the press. Nationalized industry. USA cut relations.

Cuba turned to USSR for support.USA failed at a government takeover

with an invasion at the Bay of Pigs using trained Cuban exiles.

Cuban Missile Crisis

American spy plane spots nuclear missile silos in Cuba.

Major threat to USA only 90 miles from Florida.

American spy plane spots nuclear missile silos in Cuba.

Major threat to USA only 90 miles from Florida.

USSR had secretly put 42 nuclear arms in Cuba. President Kennedy demanded they be removed.

Tension rose around the world in fear of a nuclear war.

Soviet premier Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles w/ US promise not to invade Cuba.

USSR had secretly put 42 nuclear arms in Cuba. President Kennedy demanded they be removed.

Tension rose around the world in fear of a nuclear war.

Soviet premier Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles w/ US promise not to invade Cuba.

Satellite States

East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania were under Soviet control by 1948.

Imre Nagy declared Hungary free in ‘56 Soviet army stopped revolt, killed Nagy.

Alexander Dubcek led “Prague Spring” (reforms for freedoms) in Czech., 1968. Soviet army crushed that too.

East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania were under Soviet control by 1948.

Imre Nagy declared Hungary free in ‘56 Soviet army stopped revolt, killed Nagy.

Alexander Dubcek led “Prague Spring” (reforms for freedoms) in Czech., 1968. Soviet army crushed that too.

Yugoslavia

Josip Broz, known as Tito seemed to be Stalinist (not regular communist). After war, he established an independent Communist state that did not support Stalinism. Yugoslavia remained independent of Soviet satellite states. Tito led until 1980.

Albania was Stalinist but grew indep.

Josip Broz, known as Tito seemed to be Stalinist (not regular communist). After war, he established an independent Communist state that did not support Stalinism. Yugoslavia remained independent of Soviet satellite states. Tito led until 1980.

Albania was Stalinist but grew indep.

Post war France

Established new government called the 4th Republic led by Charles de Gaulle in 1946. Parliament was given most power and proved to be ineffective. De Gualle quit. He returned in 1958, drew a new constitution giving president more power (5th Republic). Very successful for 10 years.

Established new government called the 4th Republic led by Charles de Gaulle in 1946. Parliament was given most power and proved to be ineffective. De Gualle quit. He returned in 1958, drew a new constitution giving president more power (5th Republic). Very successful for 10 years.

A new West Germany

Three western zones were unified in 1949 and led by Conrad Adenauer until 1963. He cooperated with USA and worked well with other European nations. Economy boomed.

Three western zones were unified in 1949 and led by Conrad Adenauer until 1963. He cooperated with USA and worked well with other European nations. Economy boomed.

Decline of Great Britain

Very bad economy after WW II.Churchill (a conservative) lost to

Clement Atlee, a liberal from the Labor Party. Atlee instituted a welfare state.

Government took over healthcare, created minimum standard of living. This would be too expensive to extend to colonies, the empire was dismantled.

Very bad economy after WW II.Churchill (a conservative) lost to

Clement Atlee, a liberal from the Labor Party. Atlee instituted a welfare state.

Government took over healthcare, created minimum standard of living. This would be too expensive to extend to colonies, the empire was dismantled.

Europe Unifies

Europeans finally realize need to unify.

1957, France, W. Germany, Belgium, Neth., Lux. And Italy sign Rome Treaty. It creates the European Economic Community also known as the Common Market. No tariffs or import charges.

Europeans finally realize need to unify.

1957, France, W. Germany, Belgium, Neth., Lux. And Italy sign Rome Treaty. It creates the European Economic Community also known as the Common Market. No tariffs or import charges.