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THE COLERIDGE CONNECTION

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THE COLERIDGE CONNECTION

Thomas Mcfarland Murray Professor of English Literature Emeritus Princeton University

(Photographed in Oxford by Geoffrey Grimmett)

The Coleridge Connection

Essays for Thomas McFarland

Edited by Richard Gravil

and Molly Lefebure

Palgrave Macmillan

Editorial matter and selection ©Richard Gravil and Molly Lefebure 1990 Text© The Macmillan Press Ltd

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 978-0-333-46813-5

All rights reserved. For information write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010

First published in the United States of America in 1990

The Coleridge connection : essays for Thomas McFarland : edited by Richard Gravil and Molly Lefebure.

p. em. Includes bibliographical references.

1. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772-1834-Criticism and interpretation. 2. McFarland, Thomas, 192&- . I. McFarland, Thomas, 192&- . II. Gravil, Richard. ill. Lefebure, Molly. PR4484.C613 1990 821'.7--dc20 89-10700

CIP

ISBN 978-1-349-20669-8 ISBN 978-1-349-20667-4 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20667-4

ISBN 978-0-312-03705-5

ISBN 978-0-312-03705-5

Contents

Thomas McFarland

List of Abbreviations

Notes on the Contributors

Introduction and Orientation Richard Gravil

Part One: The Sometime Jacobin?

Frontispiece

vii

xi

1

1 Coleridge and the Lunaticks 25 Ian Wylie

2 Coleridge and Godwin in the 1790s 41 Paul Hamilton

3 Coleridge and John Thelwall: the Road to Nether Stowey 60

Nicholas Roe

Part Two: Friend and Ventriloquist

4 Humphry Davy: Philosophic Alchemist 83 Molly Lefebure

5 Lamb, Hazlitt and De Quincey 111 Grevel Lindop

6 Coleridge and J. H. Green: The Anatomy of Beauty 133 Tim Fulford

Part Three: The German Connection

7 Coleridge and German Idealism: First Postulates, Final Causes 153

James Engell

v

vi Contents

8 Coleridge and Schelling on Mimesis Frederick Bunvick

9 The Hermeneutic Community: Coleridge and Schleiermacher

E. S. Shaffer

Part Four: The American Connection

10 Coleridge and Transcendentalism Anthony John Harding

11 Edgar Allan Poe: A Debt Repaid Jonathan Bate

Part Five: Sage and Evangelist

12 Coleridge and the Unitarian Consensus H. W. Piper

13 Coleridge and the Church of England J. Robert Barth SJ

14 Transatlantic and Scottish Connections: Uncollected Records

John Beer

Select Bibliography

Index

178

200

233

254

273

291

308

344

351

AR

BL

BLS

Bate

cc

CI

CL

CM

CN

C&S

DQW

D Life

DNB

List of Abbreviations

S. T. Coleridge, Aids to Reflection (London: Taylor & Hessey, 1825). S. T. Coleridge, Biographia Literaria, ed. J. Engell and W. Jackson Bate, CCVII (1983), 2 vols. S. T. Coleridge, Biographia Literaria, ed. J. Shawcross (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907), 2 vols. Walter Jackson Bate, Coleridge (New York & London: Macmillan, 1968). The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Bollingen Series LXXV (London and Princeton: Routledge & Kegan Paul and Princeton University Press, 1969-). Coleridge's Imagination: Essays in Memory of Pete Laver, ed. Richard Gravil, Lucy Newlyn, Nicholas Roe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). The Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. E. L. Griggs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956-71), 6 vols. S. T. Coleridge: Marginalia, ed. George Whalley, CCXII (1980-) 6 vols. The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. Kathleen Coburn (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957-73), 3 vols. Volume 1, entries 1-1842; volume 2, 184~3231; volume 3, 3232-4504. S. T. Coleridge, On the Constitution of Church and State, According to the Idea of Each, ed. J. Colmer, CCX (1976). Collected Works of Thomas De Quincey, ed. David Masson (Edinburgh: A. C. Black, 1889-90), 14 vols. J. A. Paris, The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. (London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1831). Dictionary of National Biography.

vii

viii List of Abbreviations

DWorks Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart., ed. John Davy (London: Smith, Elder, 1839-40), 9 vols.

ELH English Literary History. Engell James Engell, The Creative Imagination: En­

lightenment to Romanticism (Cambridge, Mass: Har­vard University Press, 1981).

EDT S. T. Coleridge, Essays on His Times, ed. David V. Erdman, CCIII (1978), 3 vols.

EY The Letters ofWilliam and Dorothy Wordsworth, ed. E. de Selincourt, The Early Years, 1787-1805, 2nd edn rev. C. L. Shaver (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1967).

Friend S. T. Coleridge, The Friend, ed. B. Rooke, CCIV (1969), 2 vols.

Fruman Norman Fruman, The Damaged Archangel (New York: Braziller, 1971).

HWorks The Complete Works of William Hazlitt, ed. P. P. Howe (London & Toronto: J. M. Dent, 1930-4), 21 vols.

JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Lamb L The Letters of Charles and Mary Lamb, ed. E. Marrs

(Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1975-8), 3 vols.

LL S. T. Coleridge, Lectures 1808-1819: on Literature, ed. R.A. Foakes, CC v (1987), 2 vols.

Logic S. T. Coleridge, The Logic, ed. J. R. de J. Jackson, CCXIII (1981)

LPR S. T. Coleridge, Lectures 1795 on Politics and Religion, ed. L. Patton and P. Mann, CC 1 (1971).

LR S. T. Coleridge, Literary Remains, ed. H. N. Coler­idge, in Shedd, vol. 5.

LS S. T. Coleridge, Lay Sermons, ed. R. J. White, CC VI (1972).

LW The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb, ed. E. V. Lucas (London: Methuen, 1903-5), 7 vols.

McFarland, CP Coleridge and The Pantheist Tradition (Oxford: Cla­rendon Press, 1969).

McFarland, FR Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981).

McFarland, OJ

McFarland, RC

Modiano

MY

NQ Norton 'Prelude'

Phil Trans PL

Prelude

PrW

PW

Roe

Sandford

Shaffer

ShC

List of Abbreviations ix

Originality and Imagination (Baltimore: Johns Hop­kins University Press, 1985). Romantic Cruxes: The English Essayists and the Spirit of the Age (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987). Raimonda Modiano, Coleridge and the Concept of Nature (London: Macmillan, 1985). The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth, ed. E. de Selincourt, The Middle Years, 1806-1817, 2nd edn rev. Mary Moorman (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969). Notes and Queries. William Wordsworth, The Prelude, 1799, 1805, 1850, ed. Jonathan Wordsworth, M. H. Abrams, Stephen Gill (New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1979). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The Philosophical Lectures of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. Kathleen Coburn (London and New York: Pilot Press, 1949). William Wordsworth, The Prelude, ed. E. de Selin­court, 2nd edn, rev. Helen Darbishire (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959). The Prose Works of William Wordsworth, ed. W. J. B. Owen and Jane Worthington Smyser (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), 3 vols. The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coler­idge, ed. E. H. Coleridge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1912), 2 vols. Nicholas Roe, Wordsworth and Coleridge: the Radical Years (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988). Margaret E. Sandford, Thomas Poole and His Friends (London: Macmillan, 1888) 2 vols. E. S. Shaffer, 'Kubla Khan' and 'The Fall of Jerusalem': the Mythological School in Biblical Criticism and Secular Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer­sity Press, 1981). Coleridge's Shakespearean Criticism, ed. T. M. Raysor (London: Constable, 1930; rev. edn, London: Dent, 1960), 2 vols.

X

Shedd

SIR ssw

Sultana

IT

TWC WPW

Watchman

List of Abbreviations

The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. W. G. T. Shedd (New York: Harper, 185~) 7 vols. Studies in Romanticism. F. W. Schelling, Siimmtliche Werke, ed. K. F. A. Schelling (Stuttgart and Augsburg: Cotta, 1856-61) 14 vols. New Approaches to Coleridge: Biographical and Critical Essays, ed. Donald Sultana (London: Vision Press, 1981). Table Talk and Omniana, ed. T. Ashe (London: George Bell, 1888). The Wordsworth Circle. The Poetical Works ofWilliam Wordsworth, ed. E. de Selincourt and Helen Darbishire (Oxford: Claren­don Press, 1940-9), 5 vols. S. T. Coleridge, The Watchman, ed. L. Patton, CC II (1970).

Notes on the Contributors

J. Robert Barth, SJ, is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Boston College, having taught for many years at the University of Missouri-Columbia. His publications include Coleridge and Christian Doctrine (1969), The Symbolic Imagination: Coleridge and the Romantic Tradition (1977), and a forthcoming study of Coleridge and the Power of Love.

Jonathan Bate is a Lecturer and Director of Studies in English at Trinity Hall (where he is a Fellow) and Girton College, Cambridge. He is the author of Shakespeare and the English Romantic Imagination (1986) and the editor of the World's Classics edition of Charles Lamb's Elia essays.

John Beer is Professor of English at Cambridge and a Fellow of Peterhouse. His books include Coleridge the Visionary, The Achieve­ment of E M Forster, Blake's Humanism, Blake's Visionary Universe, Coleridge's Poetic Intelligence, Wordsworth and the Human Heart, and Wordsworth in Time. He is currently editing Coleridge's Aids to Reflection for the Collected Coleridge.

Frederick Burwick, Professor of English at UCLA, is author of The Damnation of Newton: Goethe's Colour Theory and Romantic Perception (1986), and The Haunted Eye: Perception and the Grotesque in English and German Romanticism (1987). He has recently edited a collection of essays on Coleridge and the Biographia Literaria: Text and Meaning.

James Engell, Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Harvard University, is author of The Creative Imagination: Enlighten­ment to Romanticism (1981) and Forming the Critical Mind: Dryden to Coleridge (1989), a study in British criticism and theory from Dryden to the early Romantic period. With W. J. Bate he co-edited Biographia Literaria for the Collected Coleridge (1983). He also edited and contributed to books on Johnson and his Age (1984) and Teaching Literature: What is Needed Now (1988).

xi

xii Notes on the Contributors

Tim Fulford is a research fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge. He is currently completing his PhD thesis concerning Coleridge and the Kabbalah, which he hopes will be published in 1989. His next research project investigates the relations of Romanticism and science. This is his first publication.

Richard Gravil teaches at the College of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, which incorporates a college founded by Derwent Coleridge. He has previously edited collections of essays on Wordsworth, Swift and Coleridge and has recently published an introduction to Existentialism.

Paul Hamilton is a fellow in English at Exeter College, Oxford and the author of Coleridge's Poetics (1983) and Wordsworth (1986). He is currently working on a book about the relations between philos­ophy, poetry and politics in the writings of the second generation of English Romantics.

Anthony John Harding is Professor of English at the University of Saskatchewan, and author of Coleridge and the Idea of Love (1974) and Coleridge and the Inspired Word (1985) a study of Coleridge's religious ideas in relation to the Higher Criticism, Naturphilosophie, the Broad Church movement and Transcendentalism.

Molly Lefebure is a freelance writer, biographer, and novelist. Her many books include Samuel Taylor Coleridge: a Bondage of Opium (1974), The Bondage of Love: a Life of Mrs Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1986) and three works on the history, culture and topography of the Lake District, The Lake District (1964), Cumbrian Heritage (1970) and Cumbrian Discovery (1977). She is presently working on a new novel and upon The Bondage of Genius, a study of Coleridge's children, with special attention to Sara Coleridge.

Grevel Lindop is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at Manchester University. He is the author of The Opium Eater: a Life of Thomas De Quincey and editor of Chatterton's Selected Poems and De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater and Other Writings. He has also published two collections of poems, Fool's Paradise (1977) and Tourists (1988).

Notes on the Contributors xiii

H. W. Piper was educated at the universities of Adelaide, Oxford and Paris. He was first Professor of English at the University of New England, Australia; then at Macquarie University, Sydney. He is author of The Active Universe (1962), a study of pantheism and imagination in English Romantic poetry, and of The Singing of Mount Abora: Coleridge's use of Biblical Imagery and Natural Symbolism in Poetry and Philosophy, published by Farleigh Dickinson University Press, London and Toronto (1987).

Nicholas Roe studied at Trinity College, Oxford, where he took his D. Phil. He is lecturer in English at the University of St Andrew's, Scotland. He is author of Wordsworth and Coleridge: the Radical Years (1988), and was co-editor of Coleridge's Imagination (1985). He has also introduced a new issue of Emile Legouis' s The Early Life of William Wordsworth (1988).

E. S. Shaffer is author of 'Kubla Khan' and 'The Fall of Jerusalem': the Mythological School in Biblical Criticism and Secular Literature 1770-1880 (1975) and numerous publications on Coleridge and German Romanticism. She is editor of the annual Comparative Criticism (CUP, 1979-), volume 5 of which was Hermeneutic Criticism. Her most recent book is Erewhons of the Eye: Samuel Butler as Painter, Photographer and Art Critic (1988). Currently Reader in the School of Modern Languages and European History at the University of East Anglia, she is working on a book on hermeneutics and literary texts.

Ian Wylie read Philosophy and Theology at Oxford University and wrote a doctoral thesis on the influence of natural philosophy on the early poetry of Coleridge. His book Young Coleridge and the Philosophers of Nature was recently published by Oxford University Press. He is currently Press and Information Officer for Oxford City Council.