The Colonies The Colonies DevelopDevelop

North and South go North and South go different waysdifferent ways

England treats its colonies England treats its colonies differentlydifferently

As long as the colonies continue to pay As long as the colonies continue to pay taxes and remain faithful to the crown, taxes and remain faithful to the crown,

England overlooks some of the England overlooks some of the freedoms they develop.freedoms they develop.

England is happy with its England is happy with its relationshiprelationship

Mercantilism-Mercantilism- policy policy adopted by European adopted by European countries which looked countries which looked at trade, colonies and at trade, colonies and wealth as a basis for a wealth as a basis for a country’s military and country’s military and political strength.political strength.

Role of the colonies-Role of the colonies- provide raw materials provide raw materials to the mother country to the mother country and buy their and buy their manufactured goods.manufactured goods.

England limits its ColoniesEngland limits its Colonies

Navigation Acts-Navigation Acts- passed between 1650- passed between 1650-1673 by England to limit trade by the 1673 by England to limit trade by the coloniescolonies..

11. . Trade to/from colonies could Trade to/from colonies could only be only be carried on English/colonial carried on English/colonial ships.ships.

2.2. All imported goods to the All imported goods to the colonies colonies had to pass through Englandhad to pass through England..

3.3. All goods exported from the All goods exported from the colonies colonies can only go to England.can only go to England.

Is there anything good about Is there anything good about the the Navigation ActsNavigation Acts??

Positive-Positive- New England shipbuilding prospered New England shipbuilding prospered and all the colonies were protected by the and all the colonies were protected by the English Navy.English Navy.

Negative-Negative- Colonial trade was limited and they Colonial trade was limited and they paid high prices on goods and had to sell paid high prices on goods and had to sell their stuff cheap.their stuff cheap.

Resentment-Resentment- the colonies were angry by their the colonies were angry by their treatment and started smuggling in goods treatment and started smuggling in goods from the French, Spanish and Dutch.from the French, Spanish and Dutch.

Let’s make the Colonies Let’s make the Colonies even angriereven angrier

Dominion of New England-Dominion of New England- In 1685, In 1685, King James creates the Dominion of King James creates the Dominion of New England.New England.

Size-Size- land from southern Maine to land from southern Maine to New Jersey united into one colonyNew Jersey united into one colony

Ruler-Ruler- to make colony more to make colony more obedient, Dominion placed under obedient, Dominion placed under single ruler Governor Sir Edmund single ruler Governor Sir Edmund Andros antagonizes the colonistsAndros antagonizes the colonists

The Economy of the SouthThe Economy of the South

Agriculture-Agriculture- fertile soil shifts the direction of fertile soil shifts the direction of southern colonies.southern colonies.

Plantation System-Plantation System- southern farmers focus southern farmers focus on cash crops (rice, indigo and tobacco) on cash crops (rice, indigo and tobacco) which they ship directly to England. which they ship directly to England.

1. Impact-1. Impact- The systems produce The systems produce everything everything the plantations needs which the plantations needs which limits the limits the development of industry and development of industry and stores.stores.

No Industries-No Industries- Only two cities Only two cities SavannahSavannah and and CharlestonCharleston, small compared to their , small compared to their northern cousins. northern cousins.

The South Continued …..The South Continued …..

Plantation Farmers-Plantation Farmers- are are not the majority but not the majority but they control the they control the government and are government and are the wealthiest people the wealthiest people in southern colonies.in southern colonies.

Education-Education- not valued by not valued by the farmers most are the farmers most are uneducated and do not uneducated and do not see the need for see the need for anything beyond farm anything beyond farm knowledge. knowledge.

Slavery in the America’sSlavery in the America’sSlavery-Slavery- becomes a becomes a

necessary part of necessary part of southern life as southern life as plantations develop plantations develop and the need for and the need for labor increases.labor increases.

Reasons for Reasons for Slavery-Slavery- Native Native Americans begin Americans begin to rebel and run to rebel and run away from the away from the colonist. colonist.

SlaverySlavery....

Triangle Trade-Triangle Trade- trade trade between Europe, between Europe, Africa and the Africa and the America’s.America’s.

Europe-Europe- manufactured manufactured goodsgoods

Africa-Africa- slaves slaves

America’sAmerica’s-- raw materials raw materials

Middle Passage-Middle Passage- the 90- the 90-120 day voyage all 120 day voyage all slaves endured from slaves endured from Africa to the America’sAfrica to the America’s

Life of a SlaveLife of a Slave

Slave Families-Slave Families- split and split and broken. Children broken. Children usually sold separately usually sold separately from parents.from parents.

► Plantation Jobs-Plantation Jobs- 80–80–90% of slaves work in 90% of slaves work in fields; 10–20% work in fields; 10–20% work in house or as artisanshouse or as artisans

► Slaves work full-time Slaves work full-time from age 12 until from age 12 until death.death.

Resistance and RebellionResistance and Rebellion

Stono Rebellion 1739-Stono Rebellion 1739- planter families planter families killed, militia defeats slaveskilled, militia defeats slaves

Colonists tighten slave laws, but slave Colonists tighten slave laws, but slave rebellions continuerebellions continue

Slaves resist subservient position, try to Slaves resist subservient position, try to escapeescape

New England New England

Industry develops-Industry develops- with with little farmland most little farmland most colonists look to the colonists look to the seas for their wealth.seas for their wealth.

Industries-Industries- fishing, fishing, shipbuilding, trade and shipbuilding, trade and rum distillingrum distilling

Cities- Cities- develop to develop to facilitate trade and facilitate trade and travel. Boston and travel. Boston and Providence.Providence.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

Urban Development-Urban Development- New York New York and Philadelphia.and Philadelphia.

Merchants-Merchants- become the key become the key leaders and promote leaders and promote manufacturing and trade.manufacturing and trade.

Population- Population- very diverse, very diverse, come from all over Europe come from all over Europe and bring a variety of and bring a variety of professions.professions.

Slavery- Slavery- much smaller number much smaller number

but still exists. Slaves but still exists. Slaves rebelled but had greater rebelled but had greater rights in the north than the rights in the north than the south.south.

Education in the NorthEducation in the North

Education-Education- highly valued in the north so highly valued in the north so that people could read the Bible. This that people could read the Bible. This leads to the development of grammar leads to the development of grammar schools and colleges.schools and colleges.

First College-First College- Harvard is founded in Harvard is founded in 1636 as a school for religious studies. 1636 as a school for religious studies. Most of the colleges founded would Most of the colleges founded would become the Ivy League Universities of become the Ivy League Universities of the 20the 20thth century. century.

Colonial GovernmentColonial Government

Colonial Government Colonial Government Structure-Structure-

a. Governor-a. Governor- had extensive power had extensive power but could not use it, but could not use it, salary paid by the salary paid by the assembly.assembly.b. Representative b. Representative Assemblies-Assemblies- consisting of two consisting of two houses. houses.

Representative AssemblyRepresentative Assembly

► Lower House-Lower House- elected by elected by men eligible to vote. men eligible to vote. They controlled the pay They controlled the pay of the Governor. They of the Governor. They also approved of any also approved of any taxes on the colonist. taxes on the colonist. This will lead to rebellion This will lead to rebellion among the colonists as among the colonists as they are use to their they are use to their representatives representatives approving of any taxes approving of any taxes on the peopleon the people

► Upper House-Upper House- chosen by chosen by the king the king

Problems with the SystemProblems with the System

Colonist Views-Colonist Views- they see government in two they see government in two stagesstages

a. Crown and Parliament-a. Crown and Parliament- controls the controls the EmpireEmpire

b. Legislative Assembly-b. Legislative Assembly- controlled the controlled the affairs affairs of the coloniesof the colonies

Britain’s Views-Britain’s Views- they see only one system in they see only one system in which the Crown and Parliament are which the Crown and Parliament are supreme in everything.supreme in everything.

Voting RightsVoting Rights

Eligible to Vote-Eligible to Vote- by the by the 1818thth century all men century all men could vote as long as could vote as long as they owned land.they owned land.

Forbidden to Vote-Forbidden to Vote- White Women, Poor White Women, Poor White men, Slaves of White men, Slaves of both sexes, freed both sexes, freed AfricansAfricans

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening

Great Awakening-Great Awakening- religious religious movement of the 1730’s movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion.because of its passion.

Jonathan Edwards-Jonathan Edwards- new style new style of preacher he says God is of preacher he says God is angry with sinners but you angry with sinners but you can be saved by his grace.can be saved by his grace.

George Whitfield-George Whitfield- he ignites he ignites the Great Awakening and the Great Awakening and preached up and down the preached up and down the colonies. Only if you colonies. Only if you believed in Jesus Christ as believed in Jesus Christ as your savior could you be your savior could you be saved, everyone else goes saved, everyone else goes to hell.to hell.

Impact of the Great Impact of the Great AwakeningAwakening

1.1. People studied the bible at home, People studied the bible at home, church leaders lose powerchurch leaders lose power

2.2. Baptist and Methodist churches Baptist and Methodist churches explode with Africans, European and explode with Africans, European and Native American followersNative American followers

3.3. People start to wonder of they don’t People start to wonder of they don’t need a higher authority to make need a higher authority to make religious decision maybe they don’t religious decision maybe they don’t need the rich or a king to make need the rich or a king to make political decisions.political decisions.