The Comprehensive The Comprehensive ApproachApproach

EUCOM NR JOPP CourseMar 2012

Comprehensive Approach “… integrates the cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the United States Government, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal.”

FM 3-07 Stability OperationsKey Elements: Interdependence Cooperation Prioritization Nesting Flexibility Measurements of Progress

April 11, 2023 3

Today’s National Security Challenges and Development Solutions

The Convergence of the Three Ds

Decisive Efforts on Today’s Battlefield

DiplomacyDefense

Development

“We can expect that asymmetric warfare will remain the mainstay of the contemporary battlefield for some time. These conflicts will be fundamentally political in nature and require the application of all elements of national power”

- Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, October 10, 2007

April 11, 2023 4

National Security Challenges

• Unemployed young men / economic decay in failed states

• Poorly functioning and disorderly environments / ungoverned territories

• Lack of access to healthcare and education

“…failed or failing states that are unable or unwilling to maintain control over their territory can provide safe havens for terrorist organizations to export terror regionally or around the world.”

- Gen. George Casey, Army Chief of Staff, October 9, 2007

+ =+

CoreGrievances

The conflict equation

KeyActors+ Windows of

Vulnerability+ Violent Conflict=

Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework

O2O2

Comprehensive ApproachExpanding Professionalism

Comprehensive Approach

WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT

MULTINATIONAL

JOINT

SERVICE

Interagency – “Whole of Government”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g39xIewgGaM

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

PERSONALITYBACKGROUND

IDEAS / PREFERENCES

People

Organizations

Libya Afghanistan

IraqDarfur?

Libya Afghanistan

IraqDarfur?

• SITUATIONAL

• NATIONAL

• POLITICAL

• HISTORICAL

Process

• TURF

• HISTORY

• RESOURCES

• PERSONALITIES

POLICY/STRATEGY

• BELIEFS/GOALS

• CULTURE

• HISTORY

• POWERS

Implementation

Interagency “Dynamics”

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Political

Diplomatic

Socio-Cultural

Informational

Military

Economic

Instruments of National Power

The Situation

Intelligence

Financial

Law

Seven Degrees of Interagency Partnering

Adopted from JFCOM/J9 “The Multinational Interagency Group Concept Paper, V.5, 24 May 2006

1. Visibility

2. De-confliction (preventing interference)

3. Coordination (accommodate)

4. Cooperate (actively seek out civilian partners)

5. Collaboration (synchronize)

6. Integration (unified action)

7. Unity of Effort/Unified Action

Layers of Interagency Coordination

Federal / Agency (Strategic)

– National Security Council and agency to agency

– White House and DC “beltway” agency HQs

Regional (Theater / Operational)

– Geographic CCDRs, State/AID regional bureaus

Country Level (Nation-State / Tactical)

– Country Team; bilateral relations

Field (Tactical / Provincial)

– PRTs, CCC, CMOC / JCMOTF

Others?

Domestic

FBI, DHS, NORTHCOM

(Dept of Homeland Security)

FEMA regions(Federal Emergency Mgt Agency)

State GovtState Fusion Centers

FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force

Local GovtFirst Responders

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

PRES.PRES.

Interagency Policy Interagency Policy CommitteesCommittees

DeputiesDeputiesCommitteeCommittee

PrincipalsPrincipalsCommitteeCommittee

National Policy-Making

Built on ConsensusBuilt on Consensus

The Intent is to take the interests of all Agencies, work The Intent is to take the interests of all Agencies, work the details, and come up with a way that is best for the details, and come up with a way that is best for the Nation.the Nation.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Defines NSC role – “to advise and assist [the President] in integrating all aspects of national security policy as it affects the United States – domestic, foreign, military, intelligence, and economic.”

Defines NSC process – “…along with its subordinate committees, the NSC shall be my principal means for coordinating executive departments and agencies in the development and implementation of national security policy.”

Presidential Policy DirectivePPD-1

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIEDApril 11, 2023 14

Presidential Policy Directive - 1

Organizes the National Security Council System for the administration

- Membership (statutory/non-statutory, others)

- Principals Committee

- Secretary-level

- Deputies Committee- Deputy Secretary-level

- Interagency Policy Committees

- Manage the development and implementation of national security policies by multiple agencies of the USG

- Day-to-day for IA coordination of policy

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIEDApril 11, 2023 15

Presidential Study Directive PSD – 1: Results

• Full integration of NSC and HSC staffs (the new “National Security Staff”)

-Ends artificial divide between White House staff who have been dealing with national security and homeland security issues.

• Maintain HSC as principle venue for IA issues such as terrorism, WMD, natural disasters, and pandemic influenza.

• New directorates and positions within the National Security Staff to deal with 21st Century challenges

- Cybersecurity, WMD terrorism, transborder security, information sharing, resilience policy.

- Retain AP/HSCT as principle advisor.

- Create a Global Engagement Directorate

President

NSA AP/PDNSADAP/DNSA for

Operations and COS

AP/HSCT, DNSA

DAP/HS

Strategic Planning

Legislative Affairs

Legal AdvisorWH Counsel

Executive Secretariat

DAP/DNSA forInternational Economics/

Development

International Development Democracy

& Stabilization

EconomicsEnvironment

&Energy

Press. Speech &

Comm

Global Engagement

DAP/DNSA forStrategic

Communications

Africa Asia Central EuropeRussia

Central Asia

Western Hemisphere

ML & Human Rights

Defense WMD Coordination

Intel Cyber Coordination

CT TransBorder

Security

Resilience

MiddleEast

SouthAsia

GulfInternationalArms Control

ThreatReduction Capabilities

Policies &Partnerships

Info Sharing

ResponsePreparedness

National Security Staff

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

National Security Council

President

Secretary ofDefense

NSC

Statutory Advisors:• Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff • Director of National Intelligence

Non-statutory Members:• National Security Advisor (Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs)• Chief of Staff to the President• Secretary of Homeland Security• Assistant to the President for Economic Policy• Secretary of the Treasury• The Attorney General• UN Representative• Others are required/invited

VicePresident

Secretary ofState

Secretary ofEnergy

IPCIPC

The EmbassyCountry Team

Joint Forces Staff CollegeNational Defense University

What does an American Embassy Do?

• Represents American Interests Overseas• Promotes democracy and stability• Keeps Washington informed• Protects American citizens: births, deaths and visas• Sells America: people, products and ideas• Who are State People?

– Small cadre– Over 250 missions– 26B, 4.5B – High Value Target/High Risk Profession

Diplomatic Missions

• In almost all countries in which it has diplomatic relations, the U.S. maintains an embassy, which usually is located in the host country capital.1

• The Chief of Mission--with the title of Ambassador or Charge d'Affaires--and the Deputy Chief of Mission head the mission's "country team" of U.S. Government personnel.

Note 1: Some U.S. Ambassadors are accredited to more than one country simultaneously

The Country TeamThe Country Team

• An in-country interagency group, chaired by the Ambassador and consisting of the heads of all US agencies at post, and the heads of major embassy sections

• Point to remember: Agencies inform Ambassador of their planned activities, who ensures these activities are in harmony with U.S. policy and in sync with other agency efforts

Ambassador

Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM)

Public Diplomacy (PAO)

Political Section

Economic Section

Manage-ment

Regional Security (RSO)

USAID

DefenseCooperation

Legal Attache

Defense Attache

Other USGAgencies

Marine Security Detachment

State Department (Ambassador Direct Authority)Non-State Department

Consular Section

General Services

Budget and Finance

Community Liaison

PoliticalMilitary

Sr Defense Official (SDO)

• President’s representative to Host Nation Government

• Responsible for overall bilateral relationship

• Directs US State Department and other U.S. government (executive branch) agency operations

• Formulates country objectives and strategy

• Leads in crisis management response

• Coordinates with Combatant Commanders’ U.S. military role in country

Chief of Mission (COM) Chief of Mission (COM) The AmbassadorThe Ambassador

The AmbassadorThe Ambassador

““while the Ambassador can not direct military while the Ambassador can not direct military activities, he/she may request, approve, and activities, he/she may request, approve, and in some cases in some cases denydeny military actions.” (Title X military actions.” (Title X authority)authority)

• Approximately 2/3 of Ambassadors are Approximately 2/3 of Ambassadors are career foreign service officers with the career foreign service officers with the remainder political appointees. remainder political appointees. • A few political appointee Ambassadors may A few political appointee Ambassadors may have stronger ties to the President than the have stronger ties to the President than the Combatant Commander, CJCS or the SECDEF.Combatant Commander, CJCS or the SECDEF.

President Obama’s Letter of Instruction to Chiefs of Mission

As Chief of Mission, you have full responsibility for the direction, coordination, and supervision of all U.S. Executive Branch employees in [country], regardless of their employment categories or location, except those under command of a U.S. area military commander or on the staff of an international organization. With these exceptions, you are in charge of all Executive Branch activities and operations in your Mission. You will report to me through the Secretary of State…

All Executive Branch agencies under your authority, and every element of your Mission, must keep you fully informed at all times of their current and planned activities. You have the right to see all communications to or from Mission elements, however transmitted, except those specifically exempted by law or Executive decision.

R 141634Z JUL 09FM SECSTATE WASHDC TO ALL DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR POSTS UNCLAS STATE 072909

Threats are Transnational & Adaptive

We need Interagency, International, Private-Public Solutions

• Crime/urban gangs

• Narco-terrorism

• Illicit trafficking

• Transnational terrorism

• Logistical support / fundraising for Islamic Radical

Groups

• Forgery/money laundering

• Mass migration

• Natural disasters

Security Challenges

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Transnational Illicit Trafficking

US European Command (EUCOM)

EUCOM

Transnational illicit trafficking includes drugs, weapons proliferation, precursor chemicals, money, people, threat financing and terrorism.

This threatens global security. Using a “whole of government” approach we can reduce its impact and disrupt its effect.

The US European Command (EUCOM) has established the Joint Interagency Counter Trafficking Center (JICTC) to align resources and facilitate US Interagency foreign support activities

UnclassifiedJFSC / JCWS

The Problem

• Strategic planning for crisis response among military and civilian agencies is disconnected:

- structural differences among agencies - competing bureaucratic interests

- differences in what “planning” is all about- information sharing practices- time pressures- lack of understanding of planning by other agencies

• We lack a coherent approach to strategic planning that is multi-agency in nature and extends planning and coordination to multinational and multilateral partners for implementation.

Unclassified

JIACG ModelsCounterterrorism vs Full Spectrum  

• The original JIACG concept developed by JFCOM was the full-spectrum model in which JIACG members would coordinate on the full range of issues requiring interagency coordination at the CoCom. With the start of the War on Terrorism, however, all JIACGs were implemented in the counterterrorism (CT) model, with JIACG members focusing on coordination in CT and related efforts.

• Following National Security Council (NSC) Deputies approval in January 2002, JIACGs were formed at all five regional (at the time) and two functional CoCom headquarters (TRANSCOM and SOCOM), to enhance interagency coordination and unity of effort in the war on terrorism.

• The Joint Staff coordinated an assessment process that solicited input from combatant commanders and partner agencies on JIACG status and recommendations for the future. While implemented differently at each command, assessment feedback revealed that combatant commands and partner agencies voiced strong support for the JIACG initiative.

Unclassified

JIACG CT Model Operations• The JIACG-CT facilitates a series of shadow operations such

as the arrest of Jemaah Islamiya, a Southeast terrorist network with links to al Qaeda, in Singapore and Malaysia. In December 2001, evidence of operational planning against the US and allied targets in Singapore was confiscated from the Afghanistan residence of Mohamed Atef. Rapid interagency coordination with coalition nations led to a series of actions that allowed for the discovery of a videotape in Afghanistan, tracked as actionable intelligence. The responses generated by the targeting process ensured that all regional players had access to the information and the requisite actions and coordination. Prior to interagency coordination efforts, positive action based on such an intelligence find would have been difficult. The December 2001 effort was crisp and nearly frictionless.

Joint Forces Staff College

full-spectrum JIACG• A full-spectrum JIACG functions as an advisory and coordinating

directorate, involved in the Regional Combatant Command (RCC) security cooperation plan, deliberate planning, crisis action planning, and transition planning. The JIACG role in this model is broader in scope than those provisionally fielded for the limited purpose of the global war on terrorism and operates across the full spectrum of interagency activities.

• As a coordinating directorate, the full-spectrum JIACG serves as a coordinating body among the civilian agencies in Washington DC, the country teams, the CoCom’s staff, and other multinational and multilateral bodies within the region. JIACG functions as the combatant commander’s lead proponent for the interagency process and provides the civilian perspective on military operational planning and execution.

JFSC / JCWS

Unclassified

JIACG Composition

While each JIACG is unique, most are relatively small staff elements: • Comprised of mid-level military and civilian personnel assigned to JIACG for a

specified period of time. • Comprised of representatives that usually include personnel from various

USG Departments and Agencies and composition varies based on command mission and area of responsibility (AOR).

• Located in various areas within the CoCom headquarters. Some JIACGs are located within the command J-3 (Operations Directorate), J-5 (Plans and Policy Directorate), some report to the Chief of Staff, or may report directly to the Combatant CDR.

• The JIACG maintain relationships and use technology to enable a coherent assessment of all external civilian planning and implementation. Further, the JIACG coordinates and trains with potential crisis response organizations during peacetime, reducing the time needed to bring a crisis response force to full operational capability.

• Capable of being augmented with virtual or additional collocated members.

JIACG Variations(a moving target)

• PACOM: JIACG moved around from independent, to being a part of J3, then J5, now J9 [7 non DoD representatives]

• SOUTHCOM: Started as a virtual and part time enterprise; now a independent Interagency Coordination Directorate called J9 [27 non DoD reps]

• EUCOM: JIACG-CT to CEIG to J9, focused on partnership and outreach [8 non DoD reps]

• CENTCOM: J3 Interagency Action Group (IAG) [11 non DoD]

• AFRICOM: NO JIACG; interagency embedded in staff

Harnessing the Interagency for Complex Operations http://www.ndu.edu/ctnsp/Def_Tech/DTP%2016%20Harnessing%20the%20Interagency.pdf

[Original AFRICOM interagency participation only reached 50%, they are now at 75% of reduced goal with 33 non DoD]

International Governmental Organizations

Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within a coalition or alliance. (JP 3-16)

Combined: Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies. (JP 3-16)

Definitions

Alliance: a relationship that results from a formal agreement (e.g., treaty) between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. (JP 3-16)

Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action. (JP 3-16)

International Organizations• Established by a treaty • Subject to international law • IOs are organized in two primary categories – membership

and function.

• United Nations - Open to all Nations

• OPEC - Open to petroleum producing nations

• Various Regional Organizations – OAS, AU, NATO, EU, etc.

• Tsunami Example: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), as lead, worked closely with the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, the Indonesian Red Cross Society, and the Myanmar Red Cross Society.

United Nations Founded in 1945 after the Second World War Originally 51 countries

– maintaining international peace and security– developing friendly relations among nations – promoting social progress ,and better living standards and

human rights.

Powers vested in its founding Charter Forum for 192 Member States to express their views,

through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.

April 11, 2023 39

United Nations Charter, Chapter 8: Regional Arrangements

•Leveraging existing regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with the maintenance of international peace and security …must be consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations

•Members of the United Nations …shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements

•The Security Council shall … utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall utilize regional arrangements or agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state

• Benefits: ???

NATO Mission is Peace and Security Consensus Decision-making Current Operations:

– Operation Unified Protector – Libya– ISAF – Afghanistan– KFOR – Kosovo– Operation Ocean Shield - HOA Counter Piracy– Operation Active Endeavour - Med.– NTM-I– Support to AU

African Union (AU) Establishment

September 9, 1999 by the Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African Unity

Sirte Declaration issued establishing the AU Purpose: Accelerate integration in the continent to

enable it play its rightful role in the global economy Addressing multifaceted social, economic and

political problems

STRATEGY

NMSNMSNSSNSSCHAPTER VICHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VIICHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIIICHAPTER VIII

UNCHARTER

UNCHARTER

K C

OP

FOR

OIS C

OP

FOR

OI

UNMIBH

INTERNATIONAL

ACCORD

OR

TREATY

ENDSENDS…………Save livesSave lives, , Save nationsSave nations, , Save regionsSave regions….….

WAYSWAYS

MEANSMEANS

MANDATE

UNOMISL

UNMIK

UNIKOM

UNTAET

MANDATE SPECTRUM

Factors:Factors:UN Presence RequestedUN Presence RequestedParties Support UN actionParties Support UN actionParties Control PopulationParties Control PopulationCease Fire in EffectCease Fire in EffectLow Risk to PeacekeepersLow Risk to Peacekeepers

“Gray Area”

PeacekeepingPeacekeeping Peace EnforcementPeace Enforcement

LOW RISKLOW RISK HIGH RISKHIGH RISK

CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII

Factors:Absence of consent by all Rogue playersAbsence of political controlCease Fire absent/tenuousHigh Risk to Peacekeepers

WHO’S IN CHARGE?

CSF/CSG

Issues: The United Nations—How It Operates

OCHA

UNHAS

UNHCR

UNICEF

WFP

UNJLC

ATTEMPTS TO COORDINATE OPERATIONS

ATTEMPTS TO COORDINATE TRANSPORTATION

WHO

EACH AGENCY HAS DIFFERENT FUNDING SOURCES AND PRIORITIES

UN Cluster Approach – Construct for HA

46

Predictability and accountability in international responses to HA

•Clarifying the division of labor among organizations

•Defines roles and responsibilities within the different response

sectors

Assigns lead entities to coordinate response efforts for specific

mission areas (examples):

•Agriculture – UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

•Camp Coordination and Camp Management – (UNHCR)

•Emergency Shelter – (IFRC)

•Emergency Telecommunications –(OCHA)

•Health – World Health Organization (WHO)

•Logistics – World Food Program (WFP)

•Protection – UNHCR

Joint Forces Staff CollegeLesson 11a

COMMAND AND CONTROL(OPTIONS)

UNITYOF

EFFORT

US CIVILAUTHORITIES

FEDERAL,STATE, AND

LOCALAGENCIES

REGIONALALLIANCE

OPTION

US UNILATERAL OPERATIONSUS UNILATERAL OPERATIONS MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONSMULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Interoperability ofCommunications is Critical to

Success

COMBINATION

Extend a CommunicationsUmbrella over Multinational

Forces

LEAD NATIONOPTION

PARALLELOPTION

G:ROG\CJCSAFSC960416

Typical JTF Staff Organization

DeputyCJTF

J-5

J-4 J-3

J-2

J-1J-6

Chiefof

Staff

JointCommunications

Control Center

JointPlanning Group

Sub Area PetroleumOffice

LogisticsReadiness Center

FacilitiesUtilization Board

Joint MovementCenter

Joint OperationsCenter

Joint InformationBureau

PublicAffairs

Joint VisitorsBureau

Chaplain

ComptrollerLegal

Advisor

Surgeon

Joint BloodProgram Office

Patient MovementRequirements Center

Joint ReceptionCenter

Joint InterrogationFacility

Joint Document

ExploitationCenter

CapturedMaterial Exploitation

Center

JointSearch and Rescue

Center

Civil MilitaryOperations Center

Joint TargetingCoordination Board

Joint IntelligenceSupport Element

National SupportTeam

RecommendedAS RequiredCJTF DeterminesStaff Relationship

Joint MortuaryAffairs Office

F2C2

PersonalStaff

JECCJECC(CE(CE)) JIACGJIACG

MNIGMNIG

IPCIPC

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO)

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO)

Usually non-profit organizations with some funding from private sources

Transnational organizations independent of governments or states

Estimated that over 15% of overseas development aid is channeled through NGOs.

Value-based organizations rooted in altruism and volunteerism. Basic principles of neutrality, impartiality, independence,

and integrity. Collaborate with organizations such as the World Bank and the

United Nations (UN)

World Bank and UN with NGOs• The World Bank classifies NGOs in two primary categories –

operational and advocacy. • Operational NGOs design and implement development related projects. • Advocacy NGOs defend or promote a specific cause and seek to

influence policies and practices of other organizations.

• NGOs have collaborated with UN since founding. NGOs have Consultative Status with the UN's Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). NGOs work with UN includes : – Disseminate information, – Raise awareness on important issues, – Provide development education, – Promote joint operational projects, and – Offer technical expertise.

Examples Doctors without Borders Africare CARE American Red Cross YMCA Religious groups

NGOs – Considerations for Planning/Operations

DOS - lead foreign affairs agency USAID Role - NGOs must register to receive US Agency

for International Development (USAID) funding to assure they meet certain standards

Geographical Unified Commander – Focal point of policy planning for military/NGO especially for movement

JIACG/J9 – Responsible for POL-MIL planning and harmonization for W-O-G approach.

Inter-Action – a US-based consortium of NGOs NGOs need to remain impartial…but can be a source of

info (situational awareness) The capability, equipment and other resources, and

expertise very greatly from one NGO to another

Operation Unified Response-Operation Unified Response-Haiti - ExampleHaiti - Example

January 2010

USSOUTHCOM USSOUTHCOM Mission StatementMission Statement

USSOUTHCOM conducts Foreign Disaster Relief operations in support of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to support the GoH and MINUSTAH by providing localized security, facilitating the distribution and restoration of basic human services, providing medical support, and conducting critical engineering operations in order to alleviate human suffering and provide the foundation for long term recovery of Haiti

Operation UNIFIED RESPONSE

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

USSOUTHCOM Role in a ComprehensiveHaiti HA/DR Campaign

Phase III(Restoration)

Phase II(Relief) Phase V

(Recovery)

Phase I(EmergencyResponse)

Phase IV(Stabilization)

Distribution Critical Engineering

Medical

DeployPort Opening/Ops

Partner/Donor Nations

GOH

MINUSTAH

Security

Restore toPre-Earthquake

Conditions

Redeploy

MINUSTAHPeace Enforcement

MINUSTAH andOther UN Agencies

NGO/PVO, IO

USAID / Interagency

USSOUTHCOMEnhanced Security

CooperationTSC+

OFDA DART JTF-HAITIHACC

UN OCHA UN Clusters

Food Health Shelter WFP WHO/PAHO IOM/IFRC

Water Logistics UNICEF WFP

Long-termReconstructionDevelopment

Mitigate SufferingMeet Basic Needs

ImmediateLifesaving

SAR

DoD-unique capabilities for

Ph II Relief efforts

no longer required

USAID

Telecom OCHA/WFP

Camp Mgnt UNHCR/IOM

Early Recovery UNDP

Agriculture FAO

Education UNICEF

Transition

GOH

Comprehensive“Whole of Effort”

Phases

Protection UNHCR

Nutrition UNICEF

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Commander’s IntentCommander’s Intent• Purpose:

– Synchronize DoD support to OFDA,USAID, and UN HA/DR efforts to mitigate human suffering and accelerate recovery in Haiti.

• Method/Key Tasks:

– Conduct security operations to enable distribution of HA/DR

– Develop situational understanding to speed delivery of essential relief supplies (water, food, medical)

– Establish C2, security and logistics architecture

– Enable mobility for USG and other HA/DR delivering elements

– Support unity of effort in delivering HA/DR assistance to affected areas

– Execute a pro-active Strategic Communication program

• Endstate :

– Immediate human suffering minimized: survivors provided food, water

– Critical health situations controlled: survivors have essential medical care

– MINUSTAH and GOH authorities capable of maintaining civil order.

– GoH, UN and USAID capacity in place to sustain long term recovery

Jan 10

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED 61

Request for Assistance Process

Clusters:-- Emergency shelter and non-food-- Food aid-- Health-- Logistics-- Nutrition-- Water, sanitation, & hygiene

Operation UNIFIED RESPONSE

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Haiti Nodal Integration

**Caveat: This is an example from a specific case in Haiti. How a HACC will be set up and operate will vary by situation.

LEAD US Federal Agency

UN

Interagency Coord Military

HCT: Humanitarian country Team

Comprehensive Approach Initiatives

The Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC) and Civil Military Overview (CMO) Concept

https://www.cimicweb.org

The Gap in Civilian “Doctrine”:We know how to go to war, but how do we get to peace?

As of 2009, more than 12 U.S. agencies were deploying assets for stabilization and reconstruction (S&R) missions.

U.S. civilian planners and practitioners from these agencies operate without any unifying framework or common set of principles to guide their actions.

Guiding Principles for

Stabilization and ReconstructionSeptember 2009Beth Cole,

USIP

The manual presents an overarching Strategic Framework for S&R based on:

• Cross-Cutting Principles apply to all 5 End States

• 5 End States» Necessary Conditions to achieve each

of the 5 End States• Major Approaches by which to establish the Necessary Conditions

•Trade-offs, Gaps and Challenges

A Shared Strategic Construct

The 5 Golden Rules

Build host nation ownership and capacity

Act only with an understanding of the local context

Prioritize to stabilize

Use a conflict lens

Recognize interdependence

A Sample Construct: End State: SAFE AND SECURE ENVIRONMENT

Necessary Condition: Cessation of Large-Scale Violence Approach: Separation of Warring Parties ex: Separate

forces to create time and space for the peace process.

Approach: Enduring Ceasefire/Peace Agreement ex: Understand that stopping armed conflict requires political, not military,

solutions.

Approach: Management of Spoilers ex: Anticipate obstructionists and understand their motivations.

Approach: Intelligence ex: Local intelligence is a must, but be very aware of sensitivities.

Trade-off: Prioritizing short-term stability vs. confronting impunity.

Gap/Challenge: Civilian oversight of the security forces.

The Comprehensive The Comprehensive ApproachApproach

D

D DJIPC

Lesson 8

NYARNG JIPC MTTNov 2011