the concept and realization of context-based content delivery of ngson

IEEE Communications Magazine • January 201274 0163-6804/12/$25.00 © 2012 IEEE

1 CCN is also called con-tent-based networking,data-oriented networkingin the DONA project, anddata networking in theNDN project.http://www.ccnx.org.

2 NGSON recently fin-ished its work on thearchitecture document(AD), which began inMay 2008 and became anIEEE standard in Octo-ber 2011.http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/ngson.

INTRODUCTION

Since the World Wide Web was introduced,Internet traffic has increased dramatically overthe past two decades, driven by high-speedbroadband penetration and video-related ser-vices such as YouTube, BitTorrent, and one-click hosting services. It is reported that videotraffic, excluding peer-to-peer-based video filesharing, already surpassed non-video traffic in2010 [1]. It is predicted that video traffic willcontinue to gain traffic share gradually becauseof the explosive usage of various connecteddevices like smartphones, tablet PCs, smart TVs,and machine-to-machine devices like smartmeters.

Because of the skyrocketing Internet trafficgrowth, Internet service providers (ISPs) arefaced with rapidly more demanding network-related investments. To maintain their servicequality against the Internet traffic explosion,ISPs should invest more in their network infra-structure. If this situation lasts for several years,

ISPs will face severe financial challenges. It isnotable that network-related investments mayovercome revenue in 2015 [2].

If ISPs invest at a level less than that requiredto support the traffic growth, it will lead to net-work congestion and service quality degradation.As a result, no more innovative services will beprovided to customers. Therefore, to solve thesechallenges, it is necessary to equip networks withthe ability to use available network/serviceresources optimally and efficiently, as well asdynamic adaptabilities in a smart way.

(R)EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNETThe current IP network was originally designedfor the host-to-host communication model (e.g.,TCP conversations; i.e., between a pair of hosts).It was efficient for communication in the olddays, but not these days when contents producedonce are copied many times and consumed byvarious devices in the network.

Content-centric networking (CCN1) [3]pointed out this delivery inefficiency of the cur-rent IP network and proposed a new Internetarchitecture using in-network cache and contentname-based routing to decrease the transmis-sion traffic and increase the speed of response.In the CCN, a network identifies contents,stores them to the nearest router, and providesan optimal path to the stored content requestedby a user. By using optimal paths and resources,it is possible to efficiently transmit contentswithout redundancy [4].

However, it will take rather long time for theCCN to be deployed in the real network, becausethe CCN is at an early stage of the prototype forthe future Internet.

There is another interesting work underwaynamed the Next Generation Service OverlayNetwork (NGSON2) project in the IEEE.NGSON establishes standards for a frameworkand necessary functions to support context-aware, dynamically adaptive, and self-organizingnetworks over IP. As shown in Fig. 1, NGSONspecifies capabilities including advanced servicerouting schemes that are independent of theunderlying layers to transmit NGSON signalingmessages and/or media among its users and ser-vices.

ABSTRACT

An explosively increasing number of multime-dia contents including video, music, and pictureswill be the main driver for data explosion in thenext decade. However, the current IP networkdoes not have enough capabilities to supportsmart content delivery that enables a network toenhance end-to-end quality and fair usage ofnetwork resources for every user while optimiz-ing network traffic for ISPs, and to present acollaborative way for a content provider. Inorder to realize smart content delivery, NGSON,which has recently finished standards on its func-tional architecture, includes important implica-tions like context-based routing and contentdelivery. In this article, we focus on smart con-tent delivery using context information calledcontext-based content delivery (CBCD). We pre-sent experiences with implementing and evaluat-ing the concept as a new feature of the NGSONstandard. Experiment results show that a net-work provider could achieve over 30 percentbackbone traffic reduction by realizing theCBCD concept.

NEXT GENERATION SERVICEOVERLAY NETWORKS (NGSON)

Choongul Park, Yeongil Seo, and Kun-youl Park, Network Technology Lab, Korea Telecom

Youngseok Lee, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea

The Concept and Realization of Context-Based Content Delivery of NGSON

PARK LAYOUT 12/16/11 12:07 PM Page 74

IEEE Communications Magazine • January 2012 75

NGSON broadly covers context-aware con-tent delivery functions in the network. However,there are not enough capabilities and specifica-tions to implement our CBCD requirements tooptimize network traffic because as of this writ-ing NGSON is still in the stage of developing anarchitecture document (AD) [5].

In terms of traffic optimization, the Inter-net Engineering Task Force (IETF) Applica-tion Traffic Optimization (ALTO) WorkingGroup (WG)is aiming to design an ALTO ser-vice that will provide applications with net-work information to perform optimal peerselection for network traffic localization anduser-perceived quality enhancement. However,in order to obtain such benefits using ALTO,the most important prerequisite is to enforcecollaboration between stakeholders such as theISP, service provider (SP), and contentprovider (CP).

Another wave to propose a collaborationframework is under progress in DCIA P4P WG3

[6], which focuses on an integrated networktopology awareness model designed to optimizeISP network resources and enable P2P-basedcontent payload acceleration. Comcast, a volun-teer of best practices for the deployment of theP4P mechanism, conducted a field test withPando Networks and Yale University in July2008 [7].

P4P is focusing not only on comparing per-formance of peer selection methods betweennative P2P and P4P, but also on evaluating traf-fic route optimization of P2P. It was reportedthat there were enhancements of P2P downloadperformance of about 15 percent in global aver-age, and 50–80 percent enhancement in Comcastaverage. According to Comcast’s analysis, Inter-net exchange (IX) traffic between ISPs wasdecreased by about 34 percent for upload andabout 80 percent for download [7]. This meansthat network information provided by the ISPcan be beneficial to optimize application perfor-mance and traffic management.

REALIZATION OF THE EVOLVED INTERNET:CONTEXT-BASED CONTENT DELIVERY

Like other worldwide ISPs, the most challengingissue in Korea is how to deal with the data explo-sion efficiently and increase revenue from everincreasing data traffic. During the last fouryears, domestic Internet traffic in Korea hasincreased four times in wired and 20 times inwireless networks [8]. In order to respond to thisdata explosion quickly and efficiently, it is neces-sary to change our network to be realizable andpractical with smart capabilities, especially incontent delivery. It means that networks couldenhance end-to-end quality and fair usage withnetwork resources for each user, optimize itstraffic for an ISP, and present collaborativemethods to CPs.

With these concepts, the Korea Communica-tions Commission (KCC) has started a smartnetwork project that harnesses the overlay CCNarchitecture as shown in Fig. 2. The smart net-work is designed as a hybrid model between theIP network and CCN.

In terms of content routing and caching fea-

tures, the smart network aims to realize CCNbut not remove the current IP networking prop-erties.4 It is unrealistic to create a new networkinstead of the IP network used for decadesbecause ISPs do not have any incentive to investwithout new cash cows. Hence, the smart net-work should be deployed over the IP networkand should have capabilities to respond to trafficincrease efficiently.

Especially in terms of traffic optimizationto deliver high-quality contents requiringlarge bandwidth, we need to design our net-work to be dynamically adaptable to frequent-ly changing context information; we call thisconcept context-based content del ivery(CBCD). In the middle of realizing the con-cept, we found similar standardization activi-ties in IETF ALTO, which is trying to selectoptimal peers in the distributed network basedon network proximity. The network proximity,one example of network contexts in NGSON,can be obtained and aggregated by monitoringnetwork information such as Interior GatewayProtocol (IGP) and Boarder Gateway Proto-col (BGP).

In this article, we aim to present a smart con-tent delivery concept using context information(i.e., CBCD). We introduce NGSON featuresfor context awareness and the CBCD concept.The CBCD implementation and evaluation expe-rience in traffic optimization are investigated.Finally, our conclusion and future work for real-izing CBCD are presented.

CONTEXT-BASED CONTENT DELIVERYIN NGSON

In this chapter, we review two features ofNGSON: context awareness and content deliv-ery. The AD of NGSON, without an optimalcontent delivery procedure, still explains onlybasic implications in terms of finding ways tooptimize content delivery in the distributed net-work using context information aggregated peri-odically or dynamically.

For the comprehensive AD of NGSON, wepropose the information flow of context-basedcontent delivery using two features of NGSONbased on our experimental results of CBCD.

CONTEXT AWARENESS IN NGSONAccording to the NGSON AD, context is definedby any information that can be used to charac-terize the situation of an entity. An entity could

Figure 1. Conceptual architecture of NGSON.

Transport related functions(context aware routing, traffic optimization, resourcescheduling, interworking with underlying networks)

+CBCD

Services

NGSON

Service related functions(registry, discovery, composition, routing)

Underlying networks

OtherNGSONs

Operationand

managementfunctions

End userfunctions

3 The Proactive NetworkProvider Participation forP2P (P4P) WorkingGroup was established inJuly 2007 at the directionof Distributed ComputingIndustry Association(DCIA) member compa-nies like Pando Networksand Verizon Communica-tions(http://www.dcia.info/activities/p4pwg/member-ship.html.OSPF).http://www.quagga.net.

4 We specified the CCNstrategy as “without IP,”because it basically aimsto replace it with a “cleanslate” approach. However,CCN currently can use IPas an overlay model.


IEEE Communications Magazine • January 201276

be a person, a place, or an object that is consid-ered relevant to the interaction between a userand an application, including users and applica-tions themselves.

As shown in Table 1, NGSON classifies thecontext information into four types: service, user,network and device. These context instances willbe managed for realizing context awareness.

NGSON provides context-aware capabilitiesby monitoring any information characterizing thecircumstances or situations. When the servicesare delivered to the user, NGSON operates andreacts to them according to the informationaggregated and processed before or dynamicallyby the context information management func-tional entity (CIM FE). NGSON adapts itsbehavior automatically according to the contextchanges.

As described Fig. 3, there are three subfunc-tions in CIM FE. The context aggregation func-tion is to collect, dynamically or periodically,context information from available contextsources such as service, user, network, anddevice. The context process function filters andanalyzes collected context data, and generatescontext information that can be used by otherFEs. Last, the context dispatch function per-forms a mechanism of sending context informa-tion to the requesting FEs and services. Twopossible dispatch mechanisms are request/replyand subscription/notification, explained in theNGSON standards.

CONTEXT-BASED CONTENT DELIVERY INNGSON

By reflecting the importance of content deliveryin the current network, NGSON added the con-tent delivery (CD) FE, performing cache andforward functionalities, to the NGSON architec-ture. Table 2 shows subfunctions of the CD FE,which receives, stores, aggregates, and sendscontents to the service requester over underlyingnetworks.

Figure 4 illustrates the information flow forCBCD. When the sender routing (SR) FEreceives a user’s request for content, it parsesthe request message and calls the CD FE todeliver the content. At the time of finding anoptimal content, the service discovery and nego-tiation (SDN) FE searches the content descrip-tion by name and retrieves the content location.For finding an optimal content source amongmultiple sources, the SDN FE queries contextinformation from the CIM FE and selects asource by considering proximity based on variouscontexts such as network, service, user, anddevice. Then the service policy decition (SPD)FE selects the proper CD FE and creates chan-nels based on the requested service information(e.g., quality of service [QoS] requirements andnetwork information) provided by the SDN FE.Finally, the content is delivered through theseestablished channels.

To enhance delivery quality, the CD FE canuse an optimization method when the cachespace is not enough for contents currently beingdelivered. If cache space is short, the CD FEestablishes a connection to a storage system andmoves the lower-priority contents out of thecache to ensure successful higher-priority con-tent delivery.

THE REALIZATION ANDEVALUATION OF CBCD

In this chapter, we explain the CBCD mecha-nism, and experiences of implementing and eval-uating a prototype to realize the CBCD functionin the network.

REALIZATION OF CBCDAs shown in Table 3, we employed two compo-nents: the context-based router (CR) and con-text-based node (CN). The CR can supportservice routing, named CBCD in the previous

Table 1. Classification of context.

Context type Context examples

Service

Static: service category, content category, fees, serviceprovider, QoSDynamic: cached list of content, session count, load ration,average service time

User Location (IP address, physical location), preference, pres-ence

Network Network type (wired, wireless, mobile), bandwidth, routinginformation(IGP, BGP)

Device

Hardware capabilities (device model, display, input/outputmodality), software capabilities (operating system, mobileplatform), and device status (RSS, battery power, memoryconsumption)

Figure 2. Comparison between network architectures.

IP networkContent-centric

network

Contentaware

Contentaware

ContextawareOverlay network

IP networkIP networkOverlay network

IP overlay

IP + context + content

In-network cache

Smart network

Without IP

Content

In-network cache

CCN

IP overlay

IP + context

on discussion

NGSON

IP

IP

n/a

Strategy

Routing

Caching

Current network

Contentaware



section, using context database (DB) aggregatedfrom context sources, such as network, CN, ser-vice, and device. The CN is designed to providecontent routing, content delivery, and in-networkcache functions. By combining two components,we could realize B2B2C collaboration modelsfor content providers who want to deliver videocontents with improved performance, and saveon capital expenditure (CAPEX) by traffic opti-mization using CBCD.

Figure 5 shows the functional architecture ofCBCD, where a CR performs context-basedrouting for a content request from an applica-tion or the web. In order to decide an optimalsource and path based on context information,the context-aware router periodically or dynami-cally gathers, analyzes, and shares context infor-mation from context sources.

Figure 6 describes the detailed informationflow of CBCD. In order to emphasize the impor-tance of the context-based feature in content

Figure 3. Context-aware capability provided by CIM FE in the NGSON.

Service

Context sources

UserNetwork

Device

SR FE

SC FE

SDN FE

FE

CIM FE

Context dispatchContext

aggregationContext process

SR

SC

SDN

Basic behavior

Service routing

Service composition

Service discovery and negotiation

Context aware behavior

Generates an efficient service routing path (e.g. usinguser location, service location, traffic)

Optimizes the sequence of composite services (e.g. usingavailability, environment conditions)

Select appropriate services which meet the servicerequester’s requirements

Table 2. Subfunctions of CD FE.

Subfunctions Role

Content locationmanagement5

• Maintains cached content list• Updates new location information of content to SDNFE for optimizing content delivery

Receive

• Select a cache or permanent storage• Receive content from content sources• Coordinates the storage and delivery resources usingdistribution policy control mechanism

Aggregation• Provides cache or storage to store content• Merge and synchronize multiple incoming contentsover network

Send • Deliver contents from aggregation function to servicesor end users by unicast or multicast using the channelmanaged by SDN FE

5 This subfunction wasoriginally included in thereceive subfunction, butwe intentionally classifiedit independently because itis the basis of the CBCDconcept described in thisarticle.Figure 4. Information flow of context-based content delivery.

Serviceprovider

Servicerequester SPD FECIM FECD FESDN FESR FE

1. Service request

3. Invoke theCD FE

2. Trigger content delivery request

12. Service response

7. Select optimal content source8. Response optimal content source

13. Serviceresponse

4. Request to discover optimal content source

6. Get context information (content source list)

16. Content delivery15. Content delivery response

11. Channel creation response10. Set up contentdelivery channel

14. Content delivery request

9. Send request to create content delivery channel

19. Update content location information

18. Contentdelivery

17. Content cache

5. Content search (content name)



delivery, the flow shows how a context-basedrouter can prevent wrong choices that select afailed or overloaded node. Thanks to contextinformation aggregated dynamically, CBCD net-work can deliver contents without delay or quali-ty degradation.

EVALUATION OF THE CBCD CONCEPT USINGNETWORK CONTEXT

In order to evaluate the traffic optimization con-cept based on context information, we designedand implemented a prototype based on the IETFALTO protocol draft [9] as shown in Fig. 7. Weshow evaluation results of the traffic optimiza-tion effect in the testbed, designed with the sameconditions as our real network.

The context-based server is composed of twofunctions of context management and contextservice. The context management function col-lects and updates information for routing proto-cols, provisioning policies, and dynamic networkchanges. The context service function providescontext services to the context-based clients.

For the application using the network contextprovided by the context-based server, we modi-fied BitTorrent in experiments. We customizedQuagga6 [10] to collect routing information suchas IGP and BGP. Figure 8 shows the testbed

composed of Cisco C3750 and Juniper J2320configured with the same conditions as our realnetwork, but the interface bandwidth adjusted toemulate a congested situation.

After uploading files from an initial seeder, thesecond uploading peer of each node downloadsthe files and changes themselves as a seeder. Welimited the maximum number of peers to whichpeers can be connected to four. All peers upload-ing and downloading files record log informationabout start and end times so that we can analyzeapplication performance. In addition, from SimpleNetwork Management Protocol (SNMP) agentsrunning on the routers, we collected the data rateand the utilization ratio of the interfaces.

Figure 9 shows results and comparisonwith/without context. Approximately 45 percentof total traffic in the network was reduced byusing context. In particular, the amount of trafficin the core network was significantly optimizedto about 35 percent lower than without contextbecause adjacent peers are selected for down-load files based on network proximity providedby the context-based server. In addition, applica-tion download performance was improved by 71percent when using context.

Compared to Comcast’s trial in RFC 5632,we could find common sense in the result. Thenetwork provider could have significant benefitsfrom optimizing network traffic by just usingnetwork context information. Moreover, applica-tion download time could be diminished by usingcontext provided by the ISP.

LESSONS LEARNED AND COMMENTS ONDIRECTION FOR THE NGSON STANDARD

Context awareness is the ability of an entity tousefully adapt or react to context. It helpsimprove performance in both service deliveryand content delivery. We specifically noticed theimportance of the CDBC network, which is apractical content-centric network solution overIP. Our evaluation shows that ISPs can obtainCAPEX reduction of over 30 percent trafficoptimization by realizing context awareness inthe distributed network.

NGSON has just finished its standardization

Figure 5. Context-based functional architecture.

Service

OSS NMS

DeviceNetworkUser

Context analysis

Context gathering

Application

Web

Context user Context-based router (CR)

Context source

Context-based routing

Context sharingContext DB

BSS Fixed Wire-less Mobile

Table 3. The components and main functions, and related NGSON FEs.

Component Main functions Related NGSON FEs

Context-basedrouter (CR)

• Service routing providingoptimal source and path

• Context informationmanagement

• Supporting overlay networkmanagement

• SR FE• CIM FE• OM FE

Context-basednode (CN)

• Dynamic caching• Content routing• Content meta information

management• Large and high-quality content

delivery

• SDN FE• CD FE

6 Quagga is a routing soft-ware suite that providesTCP/IP-based routing ser-vices with routing proto-cols support such as RIP,OSPF, and BGP of a forkof GNU Zebra, which wasdeveloped by KunihiroIshiguro;http://www.quagga.net.



work on developing the architecture documentof basic features and entities for the overlayarchitecture. However, many issues remain forNGSON to develop realizable and practicalspecification that could be useful for vendorsand ISPs. In this aspect, our development expe-rience with CBCD as explained in this articlecould be a good reference to develop technicalspecifications. It will be better for NGSON topay more attention to content delivery issues,refine functional entities, and develop specifica-tions based on our contribution.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

As user demand is rapidly migrating to videoservices on various types of devices, it is neces-sary to equip the network with capabilities ofdelivering a huge amount of video contentsefficiently without quality degradation. Howev-er, a simple capacity extension of networks, orincreasing network elements and introducingpowerful elements, as in today’s network engi-neering, will no longer be sufficient to facedata explosion challenges. We believe that the

Figure 6. Detailed information flow of CBCD.

Contentsource #3Network

Overload

Network context (routing information)

0. Analyze contextinformation

4. Extracting device context

5. Select optimal content source based on context

Resource and service context (cached list, load ratio, session count, average service time)

Contentsource #2

Contentsource #1

Contentprovider

1. Request content (contentID)

2. Redirect to content source

3. Content request (contentID)

6. Redirect to “content source #2”

7. Content request (contentID)

8. Deliver content

Contentrequester

1.1.2.1

Context-basedrouter

1.2.2.X1.2.1.X1.1.X.X

Failure

Pre-condition: 1. The context-aware router collects the network context from the network by listening dynamically changing routing information such as IGP and BGP. 2. The context-aware router collects the service context from the content source by collecting periodically dynamically changing service status such as cached list, load ratio, session count, average service time, etc. 3. The context-aware router periodically or dynamically analyzes context information aggregated in the context DB and summarizes context information in the abstract format such as ranking. 4. Content source #1 has become overloaded because of too many service sessions. 5. Content source #3 accidentally encounters the service failure.Flow description: 1. The content requester sends content request to the content provider. 2. The content provider redirects the content request to the content source using domain name. 3. The content request is redirected to the context aware router. 4. The context-aware router extracts the device context, if it exists, from the request message. 5. The context-aware router selects the optimal content source based on contexts. For example, if the network context has a high priority, content source #1 could be selected as the optimal source. However, in this example, content source #2 is selected because the context-aware router has a policy to consider both network and service context. In terms of service context, content source #3 is excluded because it does not have enough resources to deliver contents. 6. The content request is redirected to the content source #2. 7. Content source #2 delivered the content requested.

Figure 7. Software architecture of CBCD prototype based on ALTO.

Contextservice

Context-based server(ALTO)

Contextmanagement

Aggregation of network contextGeneration of network mapGeneration of network cost map

Filtered map serviceEnd-to-end cost/ranking service

Context-basedclient

P2PapplicationRouting protocols

Provisioning policy

Dynamic networkinformation

P2Papplication

P2Papplication

NGSON has just fin-

ished its standardiza-

tion work on

developing the archi-

tecture document of

basic features and

entities for the over-

lay architecture.

However, there still

remain many issues

for NGSON to devel-

op realizable and

practical specification

that could be useful

for vendors and ISPs.



network itself should evolve to provide opti-mized and efficient use of available networkresources as well as dynamic adaptability in asmart way.

In this article, we have presented a new net-work model for content delivery using contextinformation, called CBCD, obtained from net-work, device, user, and service. Based on valu-able incentives of NGSON and ALTO, wespecified the CBCD concept that a networkdelivers contents based on context informationaggregated by collecting and analyzing data fromcontext sources. From evaluation in a testbedconfigured similarly to our real network, wecould observe over 30 percent traffic reductionand over 70 percent enhancement of applicationperformance.

Our results imply that both network providersand content/service providers should collaborateto overcome current issues related with dataexplosion. As an example of the collaborationmodel, we are currently constructing a smartnetwork of CCN over IP with the capabilities oftraffic optimization, end-to-end QoS, and collab-oration.

In future work, we plan to complete the cur-rent pilot system toward CR. In addition to thecurrently available network context, we willenforce CR with capabilities to aggregate con-text information from more context sourcessuch as user, device, and service. There is ascalability issue in that a CR should put up withmany events to collect and analyze contextinformation from distributed sources in the net-work. We are considering a distributed modelin which a domain CR is responsible for man-

aging context information from internal CNs inthe same domain, and shares information withother CRs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe appreciate the reviewers for their fruitfulcomments. Youngseok Lee is the correspondingauthor of this article, and this work was partiallysupported by the Basic Science Research Pro-gram through the National Research Foundationof Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Edu-cation, Science and Technology (2011-0025718).

REFERENCES[1] Cisco Visual Networking Index, “Forecast and Method-

ology, 2010–2015,” June 2011.[2] Juniper Networks, “Internet Breaking Point: Service Prof-

itability and Economic Perspective,” white paper, 2010.[3] Project CCNxTM. http://www.ccnx.org, Sept. 2009.[4] V. Jacobson et al., “Networking Named Content,” ACM

CoNEXT ’09, Dec. 2009.[5] IEEE NGSON WG, “IEEE P1903TM/D1 Draft Standard for

the Functional Architecture of Next Generation ServiceOverlay Networks,” Apr. 2011.

[6] DCIA P4P WG, http://www.dcia.info/activities/p4pwg/membership.html, July 2007.

[7] C. Griffiths et al., “Comcast’s ISP Experiences in a Proac-tive Network Provider Participation for P2P (P4P) Tech-nical Trial,” IETF RFC 5632, Sept. 2009.

[8] H. Kim, “Recommendation for Future Network Policy inthe Data Exp losion Era,” Kisdi Forum, May 2011;http://goo.gl/XBfRT

[9] R. Alimi et al., “ALTO Protocol,” IETF draft-ietf-alto-pro-tocol-08.txt, May 2011.

[10] K. Ishiguro et al., “A Routing Software Package forTCP/IP Networks Quagga Version 0.98.6,” June 2005.

[11] A. K. Dey, “Understanding and using context,” Person-al Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 5, Jan. 2001; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007790170019, pp. 4–7.

[12] C. Schmidt, “Context-Aware Computing,” Berlin Inst.Technology tech. rep.; http://goo.gl/2VVSm.

Figure 8. Testbed environment having the same conditions as our real network.

7J#2

8J#3

11J#6

12J#7

9J#4

10J#5

Regional node

Initial uploader

Context-basedserver P3

P11Core interface(10Mbps, IS-IS)

Peer interface (100Mbps)

P2

P10

P0 P8 P1 P9

Uploader of each node

Downloader

2J#11

C#1

3C#2

4C#3

5C#4

6C#5

P13

P5 Internet exchange

Center node

P7

P15

P18P6 P14

P17

P4

P16

P12

Global ISPs

Transit interface(10Mbps, BGP)

Domestic ISPs

Context-basedclient

As an example of

the collaboration

model, we are

currently

constructing a smart

network of CCN over

IP with the capabili-

ties of traffic

optimization,

end-to-end QoS, and

collaboration.



BIOGRAPHIESCHOONGUL PARK ([email protected]) received B.S. and M.S.degrees in computer engineering from Pusan National Uni-versity in 2001 and from Chungnam National University in2008, respectively. Currently he is a Ph.D. student atChungnam National University. He joined KT Network Lab-oratory in 2002, and has experience in OSS, device man-agement, network strategy analysis, and s mart networktechnology. He is the editor of Smart Ubiquitous Network(SUN)-Content, focusing on CCN over IP in ITU-T SG13. Hisresearch interests include CCN, traffic engineering, and net-work virtualization.

KUN-YOUL PARK ([email protected]) received M.S. and Ph.D.degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineeringand Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Sci-ence and Technology (KAIST), Daejon, in 2001 and 2006,respectively. Since 2006 he has worked as a researcher inthe FTTH Solution Development Department, KT NetworkInfra Laboratory, Daejon, Korea. He developed a gigabitWDM-PON and a long-reach PON. He was the main editorof the WDM-PON standard department of the Telecommu-nication Technology Association (TTA) in Korea. He alsostudied network evolution strategy. He is working as amember of the smart network platform team, and his cur-rent research area are smart networks and the future

Internet, especially network virtualization, softwaredefined networks, cross-layer strategies, and distributedcloud computing.

YEONG-IL SEO ([email protected]) has more than 15 years’extensive experience as an IP network engineer at KT R&DLaboratory. As a key accomplishment, he successfullydeployed KT NGN, and he implemented KT TPS includingIPTV over KT NGN. He also upgraded KT’s commercial IPnetwork (KORNET) as one of the Top 5 ISP BB in the world.He is responsible for design, deployment, and engineeringof KT’s IP network, and is focusing on smart networkdeployment. He was the editor of ITU-T IPTV FG and isnow active in IETF’s P2P related WG. He is focusing onnext-generation content delivery technology, P2P issues,and IETF ALTO technology and CDN interconnection issues.

YOUNGSEOK LEE [SM] ([email protected]) received B.S., M.S., andPh.D. degrees in 1995, 1997, and 2002, respectively, all incomputer engineering, from Seoul National University. Hewas a visiting scholar at the Networks Laboratory of theUniversity of California, Davis from October 2002 to July2003. In July 2003 he joined the Department of ComputerEngineering, Chungnam National University. His researchinterests include Internet traffic measurement and analysis,traffic engineering in the next-generation Internet, wirelessmesh networks, and wireless LAN.

Figure 9. Enhancement of network resources and user performance with context: a) link utilization and b) application performance.

(a)

Perc

ent

Core

5

0Transit Peer

Without contextWith context

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

(b)

Seco

nds

2

0DownloadUpload

4

6

8

10

12

14Without contextWith context

PARK LAYOUT 12/16/11 12:07 PM 1

the concept and realization of context-based content delivery of ngson

Documents