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The Concept of the

International Working Forum on

Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites

RSLS

Malgorzata K. SneveNorwegian Radiation Protection Authority

IAEA, 11 – 15 October 2010

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Nuclear Legacy

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Types of Nuclear Legacy

� Inadequate storage and disposal sites and facilities

� Sites affected by major accidents

� Nuclear power technology development centres

� Nuclear weapons development centres

� Nuclear weapons testing sites

� Uranium mining and milling facilities

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Places of Global Nuclear Tests

(UNSCEAR-2000)

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Where Are These Legacy Sites?

� Many countries have legacies after the initial phases of nuclear technology development.

– USA – Russian Federation – former Soviet Union countries (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, etc..)– France– United Kingdom– China– and others..

� Also many countries with uranium mining legacies

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Global Uranium Mining and Milling Waste

(UNSCEAR-2000)

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Nuclear Legacy Management Activities

� Facility decommissioning and dismantling

� Contaminated groundwater and land remediation

� Development of waste storage and disposal facilities

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Factors Affecting Management Activities

� Controlling existing radiation hazards

� Management of liquid and gaseous effluents

� Treatment, transport and interim storage of solid waste

� Provision of final disposal, within a national radioactive waste management strategy

� Minimising accidents risk, while maintaining emergency preparedness

� Control other pollution and safety hazards

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Nuclear Legacy Objects

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Multi-Dimensional Challenges

� Protection of workers� Protection of public� Protection of environment� Protection now and in the future� Preparedness for routine and accident situations

– A balanced approach to risk management is necessary to cover all pollution and safety issues.

– Social, cultural and economic factors also influence management decisions

– Therefore, engagement of stakeholders is also important

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Uranium Legacy in Central Asia

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International Context

These challenges are international! � Activities in one country affect another� Experience in one country can help another

There are mechanisms for coordinating strategies for implementing projects for legacy management, e.g. European Commission TACIS, IAEA CEG, etc.

NRPA realized that the corresponding investment is not made to coordinate regulatory supervision of these industrial investments

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International Involvement

• Russian regulatory authorities: Rostechnadzor, FMBA and Ministry of Defence DSS NRS and Rosatom

• Technical support organisations: SEC NRC, FMBC, ICES, etc.• Western experts from regulatory authorities and TSO`s, notably

IRSN, EPA (USA), EA and NII (UK) and SSM (Sweden)• IAEA, NATO, EC

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Norwegian - Russian Regulatory Cooperation

� Involves nuclear and radiation safety regulators including military equivalent

� Addresses specific regulatory issues at real sites, e.g. Andreeva Bay, Gremikha, Lepse, Sayda etc.

� Works within the Russian regulatory framework

� Takes account of international recommendations and guidance

� Takes advantage of other national experience, e.g. with scientific workshops and exchange visits

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Radiation Protection of Workers, Public and Environment Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Response

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Cooperation Outputs

� Threat assessments to identify the priority issues which require regulatory supervision

� Norms and standards for application to these priority issues

� Improved methods for safety and environmental impact assessment

� Effective and efficient regulatory procedures for� Licensing� Inspection � Compliance demonstration� Enforcement

� Enhanced safety culture

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Nuclear Renaissance

� Avoid creating new legacies

� Renewed interest creates opportunities to resolve old legacies

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The challenge: to go from this…

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To this… both are mine and mill tailings areas…