The concepts of The concepts of community, health and community, health and

social capital social capital Ns. ULFAH NK, SKepNs. ULFAH NK, SKep

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Social capital is an envolving Social capital is an envolving

concepts. Its related to norms, concepts. Its related to norms, networks, and trust facilitate networks, and trust facilitate coorporation within or between coorporation within or between group.group.

Governments already undertake Governments already undertake many functions that implicity aim to many functions that implicity aim to support or enhance social capital.support or enhance social capital.

PRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CARE

FEATURE OF COMMUNITY PRIMARY FEATURE OF COMMUNITY PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (COPC)HEALTH CARE (COPC)

1. Essensial features : clinical and 1. Essensial features : clinical and epidemiologic skills, a defined population, epidemiologic skills, a defined population, defined programs to address community defined programs to address community health issues, community involvement, health issues, community involvement, accessibility to health care – reducing accessibility to health care – reducing geographic, fiscal, social and cultural geographic, fiscal, social and cultural barriers.barriers.

PRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CARE

2. Desirable features : integration/ 2. Desirable features : integration/ coordination of (CRPP) care, comprehensive coordination of (CRPP) care, comprehensive approach extending to behavioral, social and approach extending to behavioral, social and environment factors,multidisiplinary environment factors,multidisiplinary team,mobility and community development.team,mobility and community development.

Alma Ata : health for all ; focused on Alma Ata : health for all ; focused on PHC as the appropriate methods of PHC as the appropriate methods of assuming adequate access to health assuming adequate access to health care for all.care for all.

DECLARATION OF ALMA : DECLARATION OF ALMA : ALTAA SUMARRY OF PHCALTAA SUMARRY OF PHC

1.1. Reaffirms the health is a state complete.Reaffirms the health is a state complete.2.2. Existing gross inequalities in the health Existing gross inequalities in the health

status of the people.status of the people.3.3. Government have a responsibility for the Government have a responsibility for the

health of their people.health of their people.4.4. A main social target is the attainment, by A main social target is the attainment, by

all people of the world year 2000.all people of the world year 2000.5.5. PHC is essensial health care based on PHC is essensial health care based on

practical.practical.

DECLARATION OF ALMA : ALTA DECLARATION OF ALMA : ALTA SUMARRY OF PHCSUMARRY OF PHC

6. It is the first level contact of individual, 6. It is the first level contact of individual, family, HS.family, HS.

7. PHC evolves from the conditions and 7. PHC evolves from the conditions and characteristics of the country.characteristics of the country.

8. PHC address the main health problem.8. PHC address the main health problem.9. - Education concerning health problem.9. - Education concerning health problem. Promotion of food suply and proper Promotion of food suply and proper

nutrition.nutrition.

DECLARATION OF ALMA : ALTA DECLARATION OF ALMA : ALTA SUMARRY OF PHCSUMARRY OF PHC

Adequate supply of water and basic Adequate supply of water and basic sanitationsanitation

Maternal and child health careMaternal and child health care Immunization Immunization Prevention of locally endemic diseasesPrevention of locally endemic diseases Appropriate treatment of diseases and injuryAppropriate treatment of diseases and injury The provision of essensial drugsThe provision of essensial drugs Relies on health workersRelies on health workers

SOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL CAPITALREVIEWING THE CONCEPT AND REVIEWING THE CONCEPT AND

ITS POLICY IMPLICATIONSITS POLICY IMPLICATIONS The social capital a society includes the The social capital a society includes the

institutions, the relationships, the institutions, the relationships, the attitudes and values that interactions attitudes and values that interactions among people and contribute to among people and contribute to economic and social development.economic and social development.

There is growing interest in the concept There is growing interest in the concept of social capital and its ramifications for of social capital and its ramifications for community well being.community well being.

History Social CapitalHistory Social Capital As reported in Woonclock (1998) that As reported in Woonclock (1998) that

markets could not function at all without markets could not function at all without the prior existance of civilising norms and the prior existance of civilising norms and moral principles.moral principles.

Issues relating to social capital have a Issues relating to social capital have a similar genesis.similar genesis.

The first use of the term social capital, The first use of the term social capital, with a meaning similar to the one now with a meaning similar to the one now addopted (1916).addopted (1916).

DISKUSIDISKUSI Negative impact : how to social Negative impact : how to social

capital my harm individuals, the capital my harm individuals, the economy and societyeconomy and society

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POLICY SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POLICY ANALYSISANALYSIS

In practice, governments already In practice, governments already undertake a number of functions that undertake a number of functions that many support or enhance forms of social many support or enhance forms of social capital.capital.

As well, many existing governmental As well, many existing governmental programs, in areas such as education, programs, in areas such as education, welfare, family support, community welfare, family support, community services, sport and the arts, services, sport and the arts, communications and the provision of communications and the provision of essentials servicesessentials services

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POLICY SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POLICY ANALYSISANALYSIS

Rationales for governments Rationales for governments involvelment.involvelment.

IN this case ? IN this case ? Assesments issues ?Assesments issues ?