the constitution of the peoples republic of china

8/3/2019 The Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China

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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The Constitution of thePeople’s Republic of China !ece"be# $ %&'(

PREA)BLE

China is one of the count#ies *ith the lon+est histo#ies in the *o#l,- The people of all nationalities in China

ha.e /ointl0 c#eate, a splen,i, cultu#e an, ha.e a +lo#ious #e.olutiona#0 t#a,ition- Feu,al China *as

+#a,uall0 #e,uce, afte# %'$1 to a se"i2colonial an, se"i2feu,al count#0- The Chinese people *a+e, *a.eupon *a.e of he#oic st#u++les fo# national in,epen,ence an, libe#ation an, fo# ,e"oc#ac0 an, f#ee,o"-

3#eat an, ea#th2sha4in+ histo#ical chan+es ha.e ta4en place in China in the (1th centu#0- The Re.olution of

%&%% le, b0 !#- Sun 5at2sen abolishe, the feu,al "ona#ch0 an, +a.e bi#th to the Republic of China- But

the Chinese people ha, 0et to fulfill thei# histo#ical tas4 of o.e#th#o*in+ i"pe#ialis" an, feu,alis"- Afte#*a+in+ ha#, p#ot#acte, an, to#tuous st#u++les a#"e, an, othe#*ise the Chinese people of all nationalities

le, b0 the Co""unist Pa#t0 of China *ith Chai#"an )ao 6e,on+ as its lea,e# ulti"atel0 in %&$&

o.e#th#e* the #ule of i"pe#ialis" feu,alis" an, bu#eauc#at capitalis" *on the +#eat .icto#0 of the ne*2

,e"oc#atic #e.olution an, foun,e, the People’s Republic of China- The#eupon the Chinese people too4state po*e# into thei# o*n han,s an, beca"e "aste#s of the count#0- Afte# the foun,in+ of the People’s

Republic the t#ansition of Chinese societ0 f#o" a ne*2,e"oc#atic to a socialist societ0 *as effecte, step

b0 step- The socialist t#ansfo#"ation of the p#i.ate o*ne#ship of the "eans of p#o,uction *as co"plete,

the s0ste" of e7ploitation of "an b0 "an eli"inate, an, the socialist s0ste" establishe,- The people’s

,e"oc#atic ,ictato#ship le, b0 the *o#4in+ class an, base, on the alliance of *o#4e#s an, peasants *hichis in essence the ,ictato#ship of the p#oleta#iat has been consoli,ate, an, ,e.elope,- The Chinese people

an, the Chinese People’s Libe#ation A#"0 ha.e th*a#te, a++#ession sabota+e an, a#"e, p#o.ocations b0

i"pe#ialists an, he+e"onists safe+ua#,e, China’s national in,epen,ence an, secu#it0 an, st#en+thene, itsnational ,efence- )a/o# successes ha.e been achie.e, in econo"ic ,e.elop"ent- An in,epen,ent an, fai#l0

co"p#ehensi.e socialist s0ste" of in,ust#0 has in the "ain been establishe,- The#e has been a "a#4e,

inc#ease in a+#icultu#al p#o,uction- Si+nificant p#o+#ess has been "a,e in e,ucational scientific cultu#al

an, othe# un,e#ta4in+s an, socialist i,eolo+ical e,ucation has 0iel,e, note*o#th0 #esults- The li.in+stan,a#,s of the people ha.e i"p#o.e, consi,e#abl0- Both the .icto#0 of China’s ne*2,e"oc#atic

#e.olution an, the successes of its socialist cause ha.e been achie.e, b0 the Chinese people of all

nationalities un,e# the lea,e#ship of the Co""unist Pa#t0 of China an, the +ui,ance of )a#7is"2Leninis"

an, )ao 6e,on+ Thou+ht an, b0 uphol,in+ t#uth co##ectin+ e##o#s an, o.e#co"in+ nu"e#ous ,ifficultiesan, ha#,ships- The basic tas4 of the nation in the 0ea#s to co"e is to concent#ate its effo#t on socialist

"o,e#ni8ation- Un,e# the lea,e#ship of the Co""unist Pa#t0 of China an, the +ui,ance of )a#7is"2Leninis" an, )ao 6e,on+ Thou+ht the Chinese people of all nationalities *ill continue to a,he#e to the

people’s ,e"oc#atic ,ictato#ship an, follo* the socialist #oa, stea,il0 i"p#o.e socialist institutions,e.elop socialist ,e"oc#ac0 i"p#o.e the socialist le+al s0ste" an, *o#4 ha#, an, self2#eliantl0 to

"o,e#ni8e in,ust#0 a+#icultu#e national ,efence an, science an, technolo+0 step b0 step to tu#n China into

a socialist count#0 *ith a hi+h le.el of cultu#e an, ,e"oc#ac0- The e7ploitin+ classes as such ha.e been

eli"inate, in ou# count#0- Ho*e.e# class st#u++le *ill continue to e7ist *ithin ce#tain li"its fo# a lon+ti"e to co"e- The Chinese people "ust fi+ht a+ainst those fo#ces an, ele"ents both at ho"e an, ab#oa,

that a#e hostile to China’s socialist s0ste" an, t#0 to un,e#"ine it- Tai*an is pa#t of the sac#e, te##ito#0 of

the People’s Republic of China- It is the loft0 ,ut0 of the enti#e Chinese people inclu,in+ ou# co"pat#iots

in Tai*an to acco"plish the +#eat tas4 of #eunif0in+ the "othe#lan,- In buil,in+ socialis" it is i"pe#ati.eto #el0 on the *o#4e#s peasants an, intellectuals an, unite *ith all the fo#ces that can be unite,- In the lon+

0ea#s of #e.olution an, const#uction the#e has been fo#"e, un,e# the lea,e#ship of the Co""unist Pa#t0 of

China a b#oa, pat#iotic unite, f#ont that is co"pose, of ,e"oc#atic pa#ties an, people’s o#+ani8ations an,e"b#aces all socialist *o#4in+ people all pat#iots *ho suppo#t socialis" an, all pat#iots *ho stan, fo##eunification of the "othe#lan,- This unite, f#ont *ill continue to be consoli,ate, an, ,e.elope,- The

Chinese People’s Political Consultati.e Confe#ence is a b#oa,l0 #ep#esentati.e o#+ani8ation of the unite,

f#ont *hich has pla0e, a si+nificant histo#ical #ole an, *ill continue to ,o so in the political an, social life

of the count#0 in p#o"otin+ f#ien,ship *ith the people of othe# count#ies an, in the st#u++le fo# socialist"o,e#ni8ation an, fo# the #eunification an, unit0 of the count#0- The People’s Republic of China is a

unita#0 "ulti2national state built up /ointl0 b0 the people of all its nationalities- Socialist #elations of

e9ualit0 unit0 an, "utual assistance ha.e been establishe, a"on+ the" an, *ill continue to best#en+thene,- In the st#u++le to safe+ua#, the unit0 of the nationalities it is necessa#0 to co"bat bi+2nation



chau.inis" "ainl0 Han chau.inis" an, also necessa#0 to co"bat local2national chau.inis"- The state

,oes its ut"ost to p#o"ote the co""on p#ospe#it0 of all nationalities in the count#0- China’s achie.e"ents

in #e.olution an, const#uction a#e insepa#able f#o" suppo#t b0 the people of the *o#l,- The futu#e of China

is closel0 lin4e, *ith that of the *hole *o#l,- China a,he#es to an in,epen,ent fo#ei+n polic0 as *ell as tothe fi.e p#inciples of "utual #espect fo# so.e#ei+nt0 an, te##ito#ial inte+#it0 "utual non2a++#ession non2

inte#fe#ence in each othe#’s inte#nal affai#s e9ualit0 an, "utual benefit an, peaceful coe7istence in

,e.elopin+ ,iplo"atic #elations an, econo"ic an, cultu#al e7chan+es *ith othe# count#ies: China

consistentl0 opposes i"pe#ialis" he+e"onis" an, colonialis" *o#4s to st#en+then unit0 *ith the peopleof othe# count#ies suppo#ts the opp#esse, nations an, the ,e.elopin+ count#ies in thei# /ust st#u++le to *in

an, p#ese#.e national in,epen,ence an, ,e.elop thei# national econo"ies an, st#i.es to safe+ua#, *o#l,

peace an, p#o"ote the cause of hu"an p#o+#ess- This Constitution affi#"s the achie.e"ents of the

st#u++les of the Chinese people of all nationalities an, ,efines the basic s0ste" an, basic tas4s of the statein le+al fo#": it is the fun,a"ental la* of the state an, has sup#e"e le+al autho#it0- The people of all

nationalities all state o#+ans the a#"e, fo#ces all political pa#ties an, public o#+ani8ations an, all

ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s in the count#0 "ust ta4e the Constitution as the basic no#" of con,uct an,

the0 ha.e the ,ut0 to uphol, the ,i+nit0 of the Constitution an, ensu#e its i"ple"entation-

CHAPTER I- 3ENERAL PRINCIPLES

A#ticle %

The People’s Republic of China is a socialist state un,e# the people’s ,e"oc#atic ,ictato#ship le, b0 the*o#4in+ class an, base, on the alliance of *o#4e#s an, peasants- The socialist s0ste" is the basic s0ste" of

the People’s Republic of China- Sabota+e of the socialist s0ste" b0 an0 o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual is

p#ohibite,-

A#ticle (

All po*e# in the People’s Republic of China belon+s to the people- The o#+ans th#ou+h *hich peoplee7e#cise state po*e# a#e the National People’s Con+#ess an, the local people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent

le.els- The people a,"iniste# state affai#s an, "ana+e econo"ic cultu#al an, social affai#s th#ou+h .a#ious

channels an, in .a#ious *a0s in acco#,ance *ith the la*-

A#ticle ;

The state o#+ans of the People’s Republic of China appl0 the p#inciple of ,e"oc#atic cent#alis"- The

National People’s Con+#ess an, the local people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e institute, th#ou+h,e"oc#atic election- The0 a#e #esponsible to the people an, sub/ect to thei# supe#.ision- All a,"inist#ati.e

/u,icial an, p#ocu#ato#ial o#+ans of the state a#e c#eate, b0 the people’s con+#esses to *hich the0 a#e

#esponsible an, un,e# *hose supe#.ision the0 ope#ate- The ,i.ision of functions an, po*e#s bet*een the

cent#al an, local state o#+ans is +ui,e, b0 the p#inciple of +i.in+ full pla0 to the initiati.e an, enthusias"of the local autho#ities un,e# the unifie, lea,e#ship of the cent#al autho#ities-

A#ticle $

All nationalities in the People’s Republic of China a#e e9ual- The state p#otects the la*ful #i+hts an,

inte#ests of the "ino#it0 nationalities an, uphol,s an, ,e.elops the #elationship of e9ualit0 unit0 an,

"utual assistance a"on+ all of China’s nationalities- !isc#i"ination a+ainst an, opp#ession of an0nationalit0 a#e p#ohibite,: an0 acts that un,e#"ine the unit0 of the nationalities o# insti+ate thei# secessiona#e p#ohibite,- The state helps the a#eas inhabite, b0 "ino#it0 nationalities spee, up thei# econo"ic an,

cultu#al ,e.elop"ent in acco#,ance *ith the peculia#ities an, nee,s of the ,iffe#ent "ino#it0 nationalities-

Re+ional autono"0 is p#actice, in a#eas *he#e people of "ino#it0 nationalities li.e in co"pact

co""unities: in these a#eas o#+ans of self2 +o.e#n"ent a#e establishe, fo# the e7e#cise of the #i+ht ofautono"0- All the national autono"ous a#eas a#e inalienable pa#ts of the People’s Republic of China- The

people of all nationalities ha.e the f#ee,o" to use an, ,e.elop thei# o*n spo4en an, *#itten lan+ua+es an,

to p#ese#.e o# #efo#" thei# o*n *a0s an, custo"s-



A#ticle <

The state uphol,s the unifo#"it0 an, ,i+nit0 of the socialist le+al s0ste"- No la* o# a,"inist#ati.e o# local

#ules an, #e+ulations shall cont#a.ene the constitution- All state o#+ans the a#"e, fo#ces all political pa#ties an, public o#+ani8ations an, all ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s "ust abi,e b0 the Constitution an, the

la*- All acts in .iolation of the Constitution an, the la* "ust be in.esti+ate,- No o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual

"a0 en/o0 the p#i.ile+e of bein+ abo.e the Constitution an, the la*-

A#ticle =

The basis of the socialist econo"ic s0ste" of the People’s Republic of China is socialist public o*ne#ship

of the "eans of p#o,uction na"el0 o*ne#ship b0 the *hole people an, collecti.e o*ne#ship b0 the*o#4in+ people- The s0ste" of socialist public o*ne#ship supe#se,es the s0ste" of e7ploitation of "an b0

"an: it applies the p#inciple of ’f#o" each acco#,in+ to his abilit0 to each acco#,in+ to his *o#4-

A#ticle >

The state econo"0 is the secto# of socialist econo"0 un,e# o*ne#ship b0 the *hole people: it is the lea,in+

fo#ce in the national econo"0- The state ensu#es the consoli,ation an, +#o*th of the state econo"0-

A#ticle '

Ru#al people’s co""unes a+#icultu#al p#o,uce#s coope#ati.es an, othe# fo#"s of coope#ati.e econo"0

such as p#o,uce#s’ suppl0 an, "a#4etin+ c#e,it an, consu"e#s’ coope#ati.es belon+ to the secto# ofsocialist econo"0 un,e# collecti.e o*ne#ship b0 the *o#4in+ people- ?o#4in+ people *ho a#e "e"be#s of

#u#al econo"ic collecti.es ha.e the #i+ht *ithin the li"its p#esc#ibe, b0 la* to fa#" p#i.ate plots of

c#oplan, an, hill0 lan, en+a+e in househol, si,eline p#o,uction an, #aise p#i.atel0 o*ne, li.estoc4- The

.a#ious fo#"s of coope#ati.e econo"0 in the cities an, to*ns such as those in the han,ic#aft in,ust#ial buil,in+ t#anspo#t co""e#cial an, se#.ice t#a,es all belon+ to the secto# of socialist econo"0 un,e#

collecti.e o*ne#ship b0 the *o#4in+ people- The state p#otects the la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests of the u#ban

an, #u#al econo"ic collecti.es an, encou#a+es +ui,es an, helps the +#o*th of the collecti.e econo"0-

A#ticle &

)ine#al #esou#ces *ate#s fo#ests "ountains +#asslan, un#eclai"e, lan, beaches an, othe# natu#al

#esou#ces a#e o*ne, b0 the state that is b0 the *hole people *ith the e7ception of the fo#ests "ountains+#asslan, un#eclai"e, lan, an, beaches that a#e o*ne, b0 collecti.es in acco#,ance *ith the la*- The

state ensu#es the #ational use of natu#al #esou#ces an, p#otects #a#e ani"als an, plants- The app#op#iation o#

,a"a+e of natu#al #esou#ces b0 an0 o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual b0 *hate.e# "eans is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle %1

Lan, in the cities is o*ne, b0 the state- Lan, in the #u#al an, subu#ban a#eas is o*ne, b0 collecti.es e7cept

fo# those po#tions *hich belon+ to the state in acco#,ance *ith the la*: house sites an, p#i.ate plots ofc#oplan, an, hill0 lan, a#e also o*ne, b0 collecti.es- The state "a0 in the public inte#est ta4e o.e# lan, fo#

its use in acco#,ance *ith the la*- No o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual "a0 app#op#iate bu0 sell o# lease lan, o#

unla*full0 t#ansfe# lan, in othe# *a0s- All o#+ani8ations an, in,i.i,uals *ho use lan, "ust "a4e #ationaluse of the lan,-

A#ticle %%

The in,i.i,ual econo"0 of u#ban an, #u#al *o#4in+ people ope#ate, *ithin the li"its p#esc#ibe, b0 la* isa co"ple"ent to the socialist public econo"0- The state p#otects the la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests of the

in,i.i,ual econo"0- The state +ui,es helps an, supe#.ises the in,i.i,ual econo"0 b0 e7e#cisin+

a,"inist#ati.e cont#ol-



A#ticle %(

Socialist public p#ope#t0 is sac#e, an, in.iolable- The state p#otects socialist public p#ope#t0- App#op#iation

o# ,a"a+e of state o# collecti.e p#ope#t0 b0 an0 o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual b0 *hate.e# "eans is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle %;

The state p#otects the #i+ht of citi8ens to o*n la*full0 ea#ne, inco"e sa.in+s houses an, othe# la*ful

p#ope#t0- The state p#otects b0 la* the #i+ht of citi8ens to inhe#it p#i.ate p#ope#t0-

A#ticle %$

The state continuousl0 #aises labou# p#o,ucti.it0 i"p#o.es econo"ic #esults an, ,e.elops the p#o,ucti.e

fo#ces b0 enhancin+ the enthusias" of the *o#4in+ people #aisin+ the le.el of thei# technical s4ill

,isse"inatin+ a,.ance, science an, technolo+0 i"p#o.in+ the s0ste"s of econo"ic a,"inist#ation an,ente#p#ise ope#ation an, "ana+e"ent institutin+ the socialist s0ste" of #esponsibilit0 in .a#ious fo#"s an,

i"p#o.in+ o#+ani8ation of *o#4- The state p#actices st#ict econo"0 an, co"bats *aste- The state p#ope#l0

appo#tions accu"ulation an, consu"ption pa0s attention to the inte#ests of the collecti.e an, the

in,i.i,ual as *ell as of the state an, on the basis of e7pan,e, p#o,uction +#a,uall0 i"p#o.es the "ate#ial

an, cultu#al life of the people-

A#ticle %<

The state p#actices econo"ic plannin+ on the basis of socialist public o*ne#ship- It ensu#es the

p#opo#tionate an, coo#,inate, +#o*th of the national econo"0 th#ou+h o.e#all balancin+ b0 econo"ic

plannin+ an, the supple"enta#0 #ole of #e+ulation b0 the "a#4et- !istu#bance of the o#,e#l0 functionin+ of

the social econo"0 o# ,is#uption of the state econo"ic plan b0 an0 o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle %=

State ente#p#ises ha.e ,ecision2"a4in+ po*e# in ope#ation an, "ana+e"ent *ithin the li"its p#esc#ibe, b0la* on con,ition that the0 sub"it to unifie, lea,e#ship b0 the state an, fulfill all thei# obli+ations un,e# the

state plan- State ente#p#ises p#actice ,e"oc#atic "ana+e"ent th#ou+h con+#esses of *o#4e#s an, staff an,in othe# *a0s in acco#,ance *ith the la*-

A#ticle %>

Collecti.e econo"ic o#+ani8ations ha.e ,ecision2"a4in+ po*e# in con,uctin+ in,epen,ent econo"ic

acti.ities on con,ition that the0 accept the +ui,ance of the state plan an, abi,e b0 the #ele.ant la*s-Collecti.e econo"ic o#+ani8ations p#actice ,e"oc#atic "ana+e"ent in acco#,ance *ith the la* *ith the

enti#e bo,0 of thei# *o#4e#s electin+ o# #e"o.in+ thei# "ana+e#ial pe#sonnel an, ,eci,in+ on "a/o# issues

conce#nin+ ope#ation an, "ana+e"ent-

A#ticle %'

The People’s Republic of China pe#"its fo#ei+n ente#p#ises othe# fo#ei+n econo"ic o#+ani8ations an,in,i.i,ual fo#ei+ne#s to in.est in China an, to ente# into .a#ious fo#"s of econo"ic coope#ation *ithChinese ente#p#ises an, othe# econo"ic o#+ani8ations in acco#,ance *ith the la* of the People’s Republic

of China- All fo#ei+n ente#p#ises an, othe# fo#ei+n econo"ic o#+ani8ations in China as *ell as /oint

.entu#es *ith Chinese an, fo#ei+n in.est"ent locate, in China shall abi,e b0 the la* of the People’s

Republic of China- Thei# la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests a#e p#otecte, b0 the la* of the People’s Republic ofChina-

A#ticle %&



The state ,e.elops socialist e,ucational un,e#ta4in+s an, *o#4s to #aise the scientific an, cultu#al le.el of

the *hole nation- The state #uns schools of .a#ious t0pes "a4es p#i"a#0 e,ucation co"pulso#0 an,

uni.e#sal ,e.elops secon,a#0 .ocational an, hi+he# e,ucation an, p#o"otes p#e2school e,ucation- The

state ,e.elops e,ucational facilities of .a#ious t0pes in o#,e# to *ipe out illite#ac0 an, p#o.i,e politicalcultu#al scientific technical an, p#ofessional e,ucation fo# *o#4e#s peasants state functiona#ies an, othe#

*o#4in+ people- It encou#a+es people to beco"e e,ucate, th#ou+h self2 stu,0- The state encou#a+es the

collecti.e econo"ic o#+ani8ations state ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s an, othe# social fo#ces to set up

e,ucational institutions of .a#ious t0pes in acco#,ance *ith the la*- The state p#o"otes the nation*i,e useof Puton+hua @co""on speech base, on Bei/in+ p#onunciation-

A#ticle (1

The state p#o"otes the ,e.elop"ent of the natu#al an, social sciences ,isse"inates scientific an, technical

4no*le,+e an, co""en,s an, #e*a#,s achie.e"ents in scientific #esea#ch as *ell as technolo+ical

,isco.e#ies an, in.entions-

A#ticle (%

The state ,e.elops "e,ical an, health se#.ices p#o"otes "o,e#n "e,icine an, t#a,itional Chinese

"e,icine encou#a+es an, suppo#ts the settin+ up of .a#ious "e,ical an, health facilities b0 the #u#al

econo"ic collecti.es state ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s an, nei+hbou#hoo, o#+ani8ations an, p#o"otessanitation acti.ities of a "ass cha#acte# all to p#otect the people’s health- The state ,e.elops ph0sical

cultu#e an, p#o"otes "ass spo#ts acti.ities to buil, up the people’s ph0si9ue-

A#ticle ((

The state p#o"otes the ,e.elop"ent of lite#atu#e an, a#t the p#ess b#oa,castin+ an, tele.ision

un,e#ta4in+s publishin+ an, ,ist#ibution se#.ices lib#a#ies "useu"s cultu#al cent#es an, othe# cultu#alun,e#ta4in+s that se#.e the people an, socialis" an, sponso#s "ass cultu#al acti.ities- The state p#otects

places of scenic an, histo#ical inte#est .aluable cultu#al "onu"ents an, #elics an, othe# i"po#tant ite"s of

China’s histo#ical an, cultu#al he#ita+e-

A#ticle (;

The state t#ains speciali8e, pe#sonnel in all fiel,s *ho se#.e socialis" inc#eases the nu"be# of intellectuals

an, c#eates con,itions to +i.e full scope to thei# #ole in socialist "o,e#ni8ation-

A#ticle ($

The state st#en+thens the buil,in+ of socialist spi#itual ci.ili8ation th#ou+h sp#ea,in+ e,ucation in hi+hi,eals an, "o#alit0 +ene#al e,ucation an, e,ucation in ,iscipline an, the le+al s0ste" an, th#ou+h

p#o"otin+ the fo#"ulation an, obse#.ance of #ules of con,uct an, co""on ple,+es b0 ,iffe#ent sections of

the people in u#ban an, #u#al a#eas- The state a,.ocates the ci.ic .i#tues of lo.e fo# the "othe#lan, fo# the

people fo# labou# fo# science an, fo# socialis": it e,ucates the people in pat#iotis" collecti.is"inte#nationalis" an, co""unis" an, in ,ialectical an, histo#ical "ate#ialis": it co"bats the ,eca,ent

i,eas of capitalis" an, feu,alis" an, othe# ,eca,ent i,eas-

A#ticle (<

The state p#o"otes fa"il0 plannin+ so that population +#o*th "a0 fit the plans fo# econo"ic an, social

,e.elop"ent-

A#ticle (=



The state p#otects an, i"p#o.es the li.in+ en.i#on"ent an, the ecolo+ical en.i#on"ent an, p#e.ents an,

cont#ols pollution an, othe# public ha8a#,s- The state o#+ani8es an, encou#a+es affo#estation an, the

p#otection of fo#ests-

A#ticle (>

All state o#+ans ca##0 out the p#inciple of si"ple an, efficient a,"inist#ation the s0ste" of #esponsibilit0

fo# *o#4 an, the s0ste" of t#ainin+ functiona#ies an, app#aisin+ thei# *o#4 in o#,e# constantl0 to i"p#o.e9ualit0 of *o#4 an, efficienc0 an, co"bat bu#eauc#atis"- All state o#+ans an, functiona#ies "ust #el0 on

the suppo#t of the people 4eep in close touch *ith the" hee, thei# opinions an, su++estions accept thei#

supe#.ision an, *o#4 ha#, to se#.e the"-

A#ticle ('

The state "aintains public o#,e# an, supp#esses t#easonable an, othe# counte#2#e.olutiona#0 acti.ities: it

penali8es actions that en,an+e# public secu#it0 an, ,is#upt the socialist econo"0 an, othe# c#i"inalacti.ities an, punishes an, #efo#"s c#i"inals-

A#ticle (&

The a#"e, fo#ces of the People’s Republic of China belon+ to the people- Thei# tas4s a#e to st#en+then

national ,efence #esist a++#ession ,efen, the "othe#lan, safe+ua#, the people’s peaceful labou#

pa#ticipate in national #econst#uction an, *o#4 ha#, to se#.e the people- The state st#en+thens the#e.olutioni8ation "o,e#ni8ation an, #e+ula#i8ation of the a#"e, fo#ces in o#,e# to inc#ease the national

,efence capabilit0-

A#ticle ;1

The a,"inist#ati.e ,i.ision of the People’s Republic of China is as follo*s @% The count#0 is ,i.i,e, into

p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent: @( P#o.inces

an, autono"ous #e+ions a#e ,i.i,e, into autono"ous p#efectu#es counties autono"ous counties an,cities: @; Counties an, autono"ous counties a#e ,i.i,e, into to*nships nationalit0 to*nships an, to*ns-

)unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent an, othe# la#+e cities a#e ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts an,counties- Autono"ous p#efectu#es a#e ,i.i,e, into counties autono"ous counties an, cities- All

autono"ous #e+ions autono"ous p#efectu#es an, autono"ous counties a#e national autono"ous a#eas-

A#ticle ;%

The state "a0 establish special a,"inist#ati.e #e+ions *hen necessa#0- The s0ste"s to be institute, inspecial a,"inist#ati.e #e+ions shall be p#esc#ibe, b0 la* enacte, b0 the National People’s Con+#ess in the

li+ht of the specific con,itions-

A#ticle ;(

The People’s Republic of China p#otects the la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests of fo#ei+ne#s *ithin Chinese

te##ito#0 an, *hile on Chinese te##ito#0 fo#ei+ne#s "ust abi,e b0 the la* of the People’s Republic ofChina- The People’s Republic of China "a0 +#ant as0lu" to fo#ei+ne#s *ho #e9uest it fo# political #easons-

Chapte# T*o The Fun,a"ental Ri+hts an, !uties of Citi8ens

A#ticle ;;



All pe#sons hol,in+ the nationalit0 of the People’s Republic of China a#e citi8ens of the People’s Republic

of China- All citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China a#e e9ual befo#e the la*- E.e#0 citi8en en/o0s the

#i+hts an, at the sa"e ti"e "ust pe#fo#" the ,uties p#esc#ibe, b0 the constitution an, the la*-

A#ticle ;$

All citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China *ho ha.e #eache, the a+e of %' ha.e the #i+ht to .ote an,

stan, fo# election #e+a#,less of nationalit0 #ace se7 occupation fa"il0 bac4+#oun, #eli+ious beliefe,ucation p#ope#t0 status o# len+th of #esi,ence e7cept pe#sons ,ep#i.e, of political #i+hts acco#,in+ to

la*-

A#ticle ;<

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China en/o0 f#ee,o" of speech of the p#ess of asse"bl0 of

association of p#ocession an, of ,e"onst#ation-

A#ticle ;=

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China en/o0 f#ee,o" of #eli+ious belief- No state o#+an public

o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual "a0 co"pel citi8ens to belie.e in o# not to belie.e in an0 #eli+ion- The state

p#otects no#"al #eli+ious acti.ities- No one "a0 "a4e use of #eli+ion o# en+a+e in acti.ities that ,is#upt public o#,e# i"pai# the health of citi8ens o# inte#fe#e *ith the e,ucational s0ste" of the state- Reli+ious

bo,ies an, #eli+ious affai#s a#e not sub/ect to fo#ei+n ,o"ination-

A#ticle ;>

The f#ee,o" of pe#son of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China is in.iolable- No citi8en "a0 be

a##este, e7cept *ith the app#o.al of a people’s p#ocu#ato#ate o# b0 ,ecision of a people’s cou#t an, a##ests"ust be "a,e b0 a public secu#it0 o#+an- Unla*ful ,ep#i.ation o# #est#iction of citi8ens’ f#ee,o" of pe#son

b0 ,etention o# othe# "eans is p#ohibite,: an, unla*ful sea#ch of the pe#son of citi8ens is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle ;'

The pe#sonal ,i+nit0 of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China is in.iolable- Insult libel false cha#+e o# f#a"e2up ,i#ecte, a+ainst citi8ens b0 an0 "eans is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle ;&

The ho"e of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China is in.iolable- Unla*ful sea#ch of o# int#usion into

a citi8en’s ho"e is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle $1

The f#ee,o" an, p#i.ac0 of co##espon,ence of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China a#e p#otecte, b0la*- No o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual "a0 on an0 +#oun, inf#in+e upon citi8ens’ f#ee,o" an, p#i.ac0 of

co##espon,ence e7cept in cases *he#e to "eet the nee,s of state secu#it0 o# of in.esti+ation into c#i"inal

offences public secu#it0 o# p#ocu#ato#ial o#+ans a#e pe#"itte, to censo# co##espon,ence in acco#,ance *ith p#oce,u#es p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle $%

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China ha.e the #i+ht to c#itici8e an, "a4e su++estions to an0 stateo#+an o# functiona#0- Citi8ens ha.e the #i+ht to "a4e to #ele.ant state o#+ans co"plaints an, cha#+es

a+ainst o# e7posu#es of .iolation of the la* o# ,e#eliction of ,ut0 b0 an0 state o#+an o# functiona#0: but

fab#ication o# ,isto#tion of facts *ith the intention of libel o# f#a"e2up is p#ohibite,- In case of co"plaintscha#+es o# e7posu#es "a,e b0 citi8ens the state o#+an conce#ne, "ust ,eal *ith the" in a #esponsible



"anne# afte# asce#tainin+ the facts- No one "a0 supp#ess such co"plaints cha#+es an, e7posu#es o#

#etaliate a+ainst the citi8ens "a4in+ the"- Citi8ens *ho ha.e suffe#e, losses th#ou+h inf#in+e"ent of thei#

ci.il #i+hts b0 an0 state o#+an o# functiona#0 ha.e the #i+ht to co"pensation in acco#,ance *ith the la*-

A#ticle $(

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China ha.e the #i+ht as *ell as the ,ut0 to *o#4- Usin+ .a#ious

channels the state c#eates con,itions fo# e"plo0"ent st#en+thens labou# p#otection i"p#o.es *o#4in+con,itions an, on the basis of e7pan,e, p#o,uction inc#eases #e"une#ation fo# *o#4 an, social benefits-

?o#4 is the +lo#ious ,ut0 of e.e#0 able2bo,ie, citi8en- All *o#4in+ people in state ente#p#ises an, in u#ban

an, #u#al econo"ic collecti.es shoul, pe#fo#" thei# tas4s *ith an attitu,e consonant *ith thei# status as

"aste#s of the count#0- The state p#o"otes socialist labou# e"ulation an, co""en,s an, #e*a#,s "o,elan, a,.ance, *o#4e#s- The state encou#a+es citi8ens to ta4e pa#t in .olunta#0 labou#- The state p#o.i,es

necessa#0 .ocational t#ainin+ to citi8ens befo#e the0 a#e e"plo0e,-

A#ticle $;

?o#4in+ people in the People’s Republic of China ha.e the #i+ht to #est- The state e7pan,s facilities fo# #est

an, #ecupe#ation of *o#4in+ people an, p#esc#ibes *o#4in+ hou#s an, .acations fo# *o#4e#s an, staff-

A#ticle $$

The state p#esc#ibes b0 la* the s0ste" of #eti#e"ent fo# *o#4e#s an, staff in ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s

an, fo# functiona#ies of o#+ans of state- The li.elihoo, of #eti#e, pe#sonnel is ensu#e, b0 the state an,societ0-

A#ticle $<

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China ha.e the #i+ht to "ate#ial assistance f#o" the state an, societ0

*hen the0 a#e ol, ill o# ,isable,- The state ,e.elops the social insu#ance social #elief an, "e,ical an,

health se#.ices that a#e #e9ui#e, to enable citi8ens to en/o0 this #i+ht- The state an, societ0 ensu#e the

li.elihoo, of ,isable, "e"be#s of the a#"e, fo#ces p#o.i,e pensions to the fa"ilies of "a#t0#s an, +i.e p#efe#ential t#eat"ent to the fa"ilies of "ilita#0 pe#sonnel- The state an, societ0 help "a4e a##an+e"ents

fo# the *o#4 li.elihoo, an, e,ucation of the blin, ,eaf2"ute an, othe# han,icappe, citi8ens-

A#ticle $=

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China ha.e the ,ut0 as *ell as the #i+ht to #ecei.e e,ucation- The state

p#o"otes the all2a#oun, "o#al intellectual an, ph0sical ,e.elop"ent of chil,#en an, 0oun+ people-

A#ticle $>

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China ha.e the f#ee,o" to en+a+e in scientific #esea#ch lite#a#0 an,

a#tistic c#eation an, othe# cultu#al pu#suits- The state encou#a+es an, assists c#eati.e en,ea.ou#s con,uci.eto the inte#ests of the people "a,e b0 citi8ens en+a+e, in e,ucation science technolo+0 lite#atu#e a#t an,

othe# cultu#al *o#4-

A#ticle $'

?o"en in the People’s Republic of China en/o0 e9ual #i+hts *ith "en in all sphe#es of life political

econo"ic cultu#al an, social inclu,in+ fa"il0 life- The state p#otects the #i+hts an, inte#ests of *o"en

applies the p#inciple of e9ual pa0 fo# e9ual *o#4 fo# "en an, *o"en ali4e an, t#ains an, selecte, ca,#esf#o" a"on+ *o"en-

A#ticle $&



)a##ia+e the fa"il0 an, "othe# an, chil, a#e p#otecte, b0 the state- Both husban, an, *ife ha.e the ,ut0

to p#actice fa"il0 plannin+- Pa#ents ha.e the ,ut0 to #ea# an, e,ucate thei# "ino# chil,#en an, chil,#en

*ho ha.e co"e of a+e ha.e the ,ut0 to suppo#t an, assist thei# pa#ents- iolation of the f#ee,o" of

"a##ia+e is p#ohibite,- )alt#eat"ent of ol, people *o"en an, chil,#en is p#ohibite,-

A#ticle <1

The People’s Republic of China p#otects the le+iti"ate #i+hts an, inte#ests of Chinese nationals #esi,in+ab#oa, an, p#otects the la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests of #etu#ne, o.e#seas Chinese an, of the fa"il0 "e"be#s

of Chinese nationals #esi,in+ ab#oa,-

A#ticle <%

The e7e#cise of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China of thei# f#ee,o"s an, #i+hts "a0 not inf#in+e

upon the inte#ests of the state of societ0 an, of the collecti.e o# upon the la*ful f#ee,o"s an, #i+hts of

othe# citi8ens-

A#ticle <(

It is the ,ut0 of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China to safe+ua#, the unit0 of the count#0 an, the

unit0 of all its nationalities-

A#ticle <;

Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China "ust abi,e b0 the constitution an, the la* 4eep state sec#ets

p#otect public p#ope#t0 an, obse#.e labou# ,iscipline an, public o#,e# an, #espect social ethics-

A#ticle <$

It is the ,ut0 of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China to safe+ua#, the secu#it0 honou# an, inte#ests of

the "othe#lan,: the0 "ust not co""it acts ,et#i"ental to the secu#it0 honou# an, inte#ests of the

"othe#lan,-

A#ticle <<

It is the sac#e, obli+ation of e.e#0 citi8en of the People’s Republic of China to ,efen, the "othe#lan, an,#esist a++#ession- It is the honou#able ,ut0 of citi8ens to pe#fo#" "ilita#0 se#.ice an, /oin the "ilitia in

acco#,ance *ith the la*-

A#ticle <=

It is the ,ut0 of citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China to pa0 ta7es in acco#,ance *ith the la*-

CHAPTER III- The St#uctu#e of the State

SECTION %

The National People’s Con+#ess

A#ticle <>

The National People’s Con+#ess of the People’s Republic of China is the hi+hest o#+an of state po*e#- Its

pe#"anent bo,0 is the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess-

A#ticle <'



The National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee e7e#cise the le+islati.e po*e# of the state-

A#ticle <&

The National People’s Con+#ess is co"pose, of ,eputies electe, b0 the p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an,

"unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent an, b0 the a#"e, fo#ces- All the "ino#it0

nationalities a#e entitle, to app#op#iate #ep#esentation- Election of ,eputies to the National People’sCon+#ess is con,ucte, b0 the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess- The nu"be# of

,eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess an, the "anne# of thei# election a#e p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle =1

The National People’s Con+#ess is electe, fo# a te#" of fi.e 0ea#s- T*o "onths befo#e the e7pi#ation of the

te#" of office of a National People’s Con+#ess its Stan,in+ Co""ittee "ust ensu#e that the election of

,eputies to the succee,in+ National People’s Con+#ess is co"plete,- Shoul, e7ceptional ci#cu"stances p#e.ent such an election it "a0 be postpone, b0 ,ecision of a "a/o#it0 .ote of "o#e than t*o2thi#,s of all

those on the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the incu"bent National People’s Con+#ess an, the te#" of office of

the incu"bent National People’s Con+#ess "a0 be e7ten,e,- The election of ,eputies to the succee,in+

National People’s Con+#ess "ust be co"plete, *ithin one 0ea# afte# the te#"ination of such e7ceptional

ci#cu"stances-

A#ticle =%

The National People’s Con+#ess "eets in session once a 0ea# an, is con.ene, b0 its Stan,in+ Co""ittee- A

session of the National People’s Con+#ess "a0 be con.ene, at an0 ti"e the Stan,in+ Co""ittee ,ee"s this

necessa#0 o# *hen "o#e than one2fifth of the ,eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess so p#opose- ?hen

the National People’s Con+#ess "eets it elects a p#esi,iu" to con,uct its session-

A#ticle =(

The National People’s Con+#ess e7e#cises the follo*in+ functions an, po*e#s @% To a"en, theConstitution: @( To supe#.ise the enfo#ce"ent of the Constitution: @; To enact an, a"en, basic statutes

conce#nin+ c#i"inal offences ci.il affai#s the state o#+ans an, othe# "atte#s: @$ To elect the P#esi,ent an,the ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China: @p#e.iousl0 t#anslate, as Chai#"an an, ice2

Chai#"an of the People’s Republic of ChinaDt#anslato#’s note- @< To ,eci,e on the choice of the P#e"ie#of the State Council upon no"ination b0 the P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China an, to ,eci,e on

the choice of the ice2P#e"ie#s State Councilo#s )iniste#s in cha#+e of )inist#ies o# Co""issions an,

the Au,ito#23ene#al an, the Sec#eta#023ene#al of the State Council upon no"ination b0 the P#e"ie#: @= To

elect the Chai#"an of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission an, upon his no"ination to ,eci,e on the choiceof the othe# "e"be#s of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission: @> To elect the P#esi,ent of the Sup#e"e

People’s Cou#t: @' To elect the P#ocu#ato#23ene#al of the Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate: @& To e7a"ine

an, app#o.e the plan fo# national econo"ic an, social ,e.elop"ent an, the #epo#ts on its i"ple"entation:

@%1 To e7a"ine an, app#o.e the state bu,+et an, the #epo#t on its i"ple"entation: @%% To alte# o# annulinapp#op#iate ,ecisions of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess: @%( To app#o.e the

establish"ent of p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent:

@%; To ,eci,e on the establish"ent of special a,"inist#ati.e #e+ions an, the s0ste"s to be institute, the#e:@%$ To ,eci,e on 9uestions of *a# an, peace: an, @%< To e7e#cise such othe# functions an, po*e#s as thehi+hest o#+an of state po*e# shoul, e7e#cise-

A#ticle =;

The National People’s Con+#ess has the po*e# to #ecall o# #e"o.e f#o" office the follo*in+ pe#sons @%

The P#esi,ent an, the ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China: @( The P#e"ie# ice2P#e"ie#s

State Councillo#s )iniste#s in cha#+e of )inist#ies o# Co""issions an, the Au,ito#23ene#al an, theSec#eta#023ene#al of the State Council: @; The Chai#"an of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission an, othe#s



on the co""ission: @$ The P#esi,ent of the Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t: an, @< The P#ocu#ato#23ene#al of

the Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate-

A#ticle =$

A"en,"ents to the Constitution a#e to be p#opose, b0 the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s

Con+#ess o# b0 "o#e than one2fifth of the ,eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess an, a,opte, b0 a

"a/o#it0 .ote of "o#e than t*o2thi#,s of all the ,eputies to the Con+#ess- Statutes an, #esolutions a#ea,opte, b0 a "a/o#it0 .ote of "o#e than one half of all the ,eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess-

A#ticle =<

The Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess is co"pose, of the follo*in+ The Chai#"an:

The ice2Chai#"en: The Sec#eta#023ene#al: an, )e"be#s- )ino#it0 nationalities a#e entitle, to

app#op#iate #ep#esentation on the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess- The National

People’s Con+#ess elects an, has the po*e# to #ecall all those on its Stan,in+ Co""ittee- No one on theStan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess shall hol, an0 post in an0 of the a,"inist#ati.e

/u,icial o# p#ocu#ato#ial o#+ans of the state-

A#ticle ==

The Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess is electe, fo# the sa"e te#" as the National

People’s Con+#ess: it e7e#cises its functions an, po*e#s until a ne* Stan,in+ Co""ittee is electe, b0 the

succee,in+ National People’s Con+#ess- The Chai#"an an, ice2Chai#"en of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee shallse#.e no "o#e than t*o consecuti.e te#"s-

A#ticle =>

The Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess e7e#cises the follo*in+ functions an, po*e#s

@% To inte#p#et the Constitution an, supe#.ise its enfo#ce"ent: @( To enact an, a"en, statutes *ith the

e7ception of those *hich shoul, be enacte, b0 the National People’s Con+#ess: @; To enact *hen the

National People’s Con+#ess is not in session pa#tial supple"ents an, a"en,"ents to statutes enacte, b0the National People’s Con+#ess p#o.i,e, that the0 ,o not cont#a.ene the basic p#inciples of these statutes:

@$ To inte#p#et statutes: @< To e7a"ine an, app#o.e *hen the National People’s Con+#ess is not insession pa#tial a,/ust"ents to the plan fo# national econo"ic an, social ,e.elop"ent an, to the state

bu,+et that p#o.e necessa#0 in the cou#se of thei# i"ple"entation: @= To supe#.ise the *o#4 of the StateCouncil the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission the Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t an, the Sup#e"e People’s

P#ocu#ato#ate: @> To annual those a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations ,ecisions o# o#,e#s of the State

Council that cont#a.ene the Constitution o# the statutes: @' To annul those local #e+ulations o# ,ecisions of

the o#+ans of state po*e# of p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al3o.e#n"ent that cont#a.ene the Constitution the statutes o# the a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations: @& To

,eci,e *hen the National People’s Con+#ess is not in session on the choice of )iniste#s in cha#+e of

)inist#ies o# Co""issions o# the Au,ito#23ene#al an, the Sec#eta#023ene#al of the State Council upon

no"ination b0 the P#e"ie# of the State Council: @%1 To ,eci,e upon no"ination b0 the Chai#"an of theCent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission on the choice of othe#s on the co""ission *hen the National People’s

Con+#ess is not in session: @%% To appoint an, #e"o.e the ice2P#esi,ents an, /u,+es of the Sup#e"e

People’s Cou#t "e"be#s of its u,icial Co""ittee an, the P#esi,ent of the )ilita#0 Cou#t at the su++estionof the P#esi,ent of the Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t: @%( To appoint an, #e"o.e the !eput0 P#ocu#ato#s23ene#al an, p#ocu#ato#s of the Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate "e"be#s of its P#ocu#ato#ial Co""ittee

an, the Chief P#ocu#ato# of the )ilita#0 P#ocu#ato#ateat the #e9uest of the P#ocu#ato#23ene#al of the

Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate an, to app#o.e the appoint"ent an, #e"o.al of the chief p#ocu#ato#s of

the people’s p#ocu#ato#ates of p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al3o.e#n"ent: @%; To ,eci,e on the appoint"ent an, #ecall of plenipotentia#0 #ep#esentati.es ab#oa,: @%$

To ,eci,e on the #atification an, ab#o+ation of t#eaties an, i"po#tant a+#ee"ents conclu,e, *ith fo#ei+n

states: @%< To institute s0ste"s of titles an, #an4s fo# "ilita#0 an, ,iplo"atic pe#sonnel an, of othe#specific titles an, #an4s: @%= To institute state "e,als an, titles of honou# an, ,eci,e on thei# confe#"ent:



@%> To ,eci,e on the +#antin+ of special pa#,ons: @%' To ,eci,e *hen the National People’s Con+#ess is

not in session on the p#ocla"ation of a state of *a# in the e.ent of an a#"e, attac4 on the count#0 o# in

fulfill"ent of inte#national t#eat0 obli+ations conce#nin+ co""on ,efence a+ainst a++#ession: @%& To

,eci,e on +ene#al "obili8ation o# pa#tial "obili8ation: @(1 To ,eci,e on the enfo#ce"ent of "a#tial la*th#ou+hout the count#0 o# in pa#ticula# p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions o# "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the

Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent: an, @(% To e7e#cise such othe# functions an, po*e#s as the National People’s

Con+#ess "a0 assi+n to it-

A#ticle ='

The Chai#"an of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess p#esi,es o.e# the *o#4 of the

Stan,in+ Co""ittee an, con.enes its "eetin+s- The ice2Chai#"en an, the Sec#eta#023ene#al assist theChai#"an in his *o#4- Chai#"anship "eetin+s *ith the pa#ticipation of the chai#"an .ice2 chai#"en an,

sec#eta#02+ene#al han,le the i"po#tant ,a02to2,a0 *o#4 of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National

People’s Con+#ess-

A#ticle =&

The Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess is #esponsible to the National People’s

Con+#ess an, #epo#ts on its *o#4 to the Con+#ess-

A#ticle >1

The National People’s Con+#ess establishes a Nationalities Co""ittee a La* Co""ittee a Finance an,Econo"ic Co""ittee an E,ucation Science Cultu#e an, Public Health Co""ittee a Fo#ei+n Affai#s

Co""ittee an O.e#seas Chinese Co""ittee an, such othe# special co""ittees as a#e necessa#0- These

special co""ittees *o#4 un,e# the ,i#ection of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess

*hen the Con+#ess is not in session- The special co""ittees e7a"ine ,iscuss an, ,#a* up #ele.ant billsan, ,#aft #esolutions un,e# the ,i#ection of the National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee-

A#ticle >%

The National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee "a0 *hen the0 ,ee" it necessa#0 appoint

co""ittees of in9ui#0 into specific 9uestions an, a,opt #ele.ant #esolutions in the li+ht of thei# #epo#ts- Allo#+ans of state public o#+ani8ations an, citi8ens conce#ne, a#e obli+e, to suppl0 the necessa#0 info#"ation

to those co""ittees of in9ui#0 *hen the0 con,uct in.esti+ations-

A#ticle >(

!eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess an, all those on its Stan,in+ Co""ittee ha.e the #i+ht inacco#,ance *ith p#oce,u#es p#esc#ibe, b0 la* to sub"it bills an, p#oposals *ithin the scope of the

#especti.e functions an, po*e#s of the National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee-

A#ticle >;

!eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess ,u#in+ its sessions an, all those on its Stan,in+ Co""ittee

,u#in+ its "eetin+s ha.e the #i+ht to a,,#ess 9uestions in acco#,ance *ith p#oce,u#es p#esc#ibe, b0 la*to the State Council o# the "inist#ies an, co""issions un,e# the State Council *hich "ust ans*e# the9uestions in a #esponsible "anne#-

A#ticle >$

No ,eput0 to the National People’s Con+#ess "a0 be a##este, o# place, on c#i"inal t#ial *ithout the

consent of the P#esi,iu" of the cu##ent session of the National People’s Con+#ess o# *hen the National

People’s Con+#ess is not in session *ithout the consent of its Stan,in+ Co""ittee-



A#ticle ><

!eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess "a0 not be calle, to le+al account fo# thei# speeches o# .otes at

its "eetin+s-

A#ticle >=

!eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess "ust pla0 an e7e"pla#0 #ole in abi,in+ b0 the Constitution an,the la* an, 4eepin+ state sec#ets an, in p#o,uction an, othe# *o#4 an, thei# public acti.ities assist in the

enfo#ce"ent of the Constitution an, the la*- !eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess shoul, "aintain

close contact *ith the units an, people *hich electe, the" listen to an, con.e0 thei# opinions an,

,e"an,s an, *o#4 ha#, to se#.e the"-

A#ticle >>

!eputies to the National People’s Con+#ess a#e sub/ect to the supe#.ision of the units *hich electe, the"-The electo#al units ha.e the po*e# th#ou+h p#oce,u#es p#esc#ibe, b0 la* to #ecall the ,eputies *ho" the0

electe,-

A#ticle >'

The o#+ani8ation an, *o#4in+ p#oce,u#es of the National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee

a#e p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

SECTION ( The P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China

A#ticle >&

The P#esi,ent an, ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China a#e electe, b0 the National People’s

Con+#ess- Citi8ens of the People’s Republic of China *ho ha.e the #i+ht to .ote an, to stan, fo# election

an, *ho ha.e #eache, the a+e of $< a#e eli+ible fo# election as P#esi,ent o# ice2P#esi,ent of the People’sRepublic of China- The te#" of office of the P#esi,ent an, ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of

China is the sa"e as that of the National People’s Con+#ess an, the0 shall se#.e no "o#e than t*oconsecuti.e te#"s-

A#ticle '1

The P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China in pu#suance of ,ecisions of the National People’s

Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee p#o"ul+ates statutes: appoints an, #e"o.es the P#e"ie# ice2P#e"ie#s State Councillo#s )iniste#s in cha#+e of )inist#ies o# Co""issions an, the Au,ito#2 3ene#al

an, the Sec#eta#023ene#al of the State Council: confe#s state "e,als an, titles of honou#: issues o#,e#s of

special pa#,ons: p#oclai"s "a#tial la*: p#oclai"s a state of *a#: an, issues "obili8ation o#,e#s-

A#ticle '%

The P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China #ecei.es fo#ei+n ,iplo"atic #ep#esentati.es on behalf ofthe People’s Republic of China an, in pu#suance of ,ecisions of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the NationalPeople’s Con+#ess appoints an, #ecalls plenipotentia#0 #ep#esentati.es ab#oa, an, #atifies an, ab#o+ates

t#eaties an, i"po#tant a+#ee"ents conclu,e, *ith fo#ei+n states-

A#ticle '(

The ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China assists the P#esi,ent in his *o#4- The ice2P#esi,ent

of the People’s Republic of China "a0 e7e#cise such pa#ts of the functions an, po*e#s of the P#esi,ent asthe P#esi,ent "a0 ent#ust to hi"-



A#ticle ';

The P#esi,ent an, ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China e7e#cise thei# functions an, po*e#suntil the ne* P#esi,ent an, ice2 P#esi,ent electe, b0 the succee,in+ National People’s Con+#ess assu"e

office-

A#ticle '$

In case the office of the P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China falls .acant the ice2P#esi,ent

succee,s to the office of P#esi,ent- In case the office of the ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of

China falls .acant the National People’s Con+#ess shall elect a ne* ice2P#esi,ent to fill the .acanc0- Inthe e.ent that the offices of both the P#esi,ent an, the ice2P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China fall

.acant the National People’s Con+#ess shall elect a ne* P#esi,ent an, a ne* ice2P#esi,ent- P#io# to such

election the Chai#"an of the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess shall te"po#a#il0 act

as the P#esi,ent of the People’s Republic of China-

SECTION ; The State Council

A#ticle '<

The State Council that is the Cent#al People’s 3o.e#n"ent of the People’s Republic of China is the

e7ecuti.e bo,0 of the hi+hest o#+an of state po*e#: it is the hi+hest o#+an of state a,"inist#ation-

A#ticle '=

The State Council is co"pose, of the follo*in+ The P#e"ie#: The ice2P#e"ie#s: The State Councillo#s:The )iniste#s in cha#+e of )inist#ies: The )iniste#s in cha#+e of Co""issions: The Au,ito#23ene#al: an,

The Sec#eta#023ene#al- The P#e"ie# has o.e#all #esponsibilit0 fo# the State Council- The )iniste#s ha.e

o.e#all #esponsibilit0 fo# the #especti.e "inist#ies o# co""issions un,e# thei# cha#+e- The o#+ani8ation of

the State Council is p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle '>

The te#" of office of the State Council is the sa"e as that of the National People’s Con+#ess- The P#e"ie#ice2P#e"ie#s an, State Councillo#s shall se#.e no "o#e than t*o consecuti.e te#"s-

A#ticle ''

The P#e"ie# ,i#ects the *o#4 of the State Council- The ice2P#e"ie#s an, State Councillo#s assist the

P#e"ie# in his *o#4- E7ecuti.e "eetin+s of the State Council a#e co"pose, of the P#e"ie# the ice2

P#e"ie#s the State Councillo#s an, the Sec#eta#023ene#al of the State Council- The P#e"ie# con.enes an,

p#esi,es o.e# the e7ecuti.e "eetin+s an, plena#0 "eetin+s of the State Council-

A#ticle '&

The State Council e7e#cises the follo*in+ functions an, po*e#s @% To a,opt a,"inist#ati.e "easu#esenact a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations an, issue ,ecisions an, o#,e#s in acco#,ance *ith the

Constitution an, the statutes: @( To sub"it p#oposals to the National People’s Con+#ess o# its Stan,in+

Co""ittee: @; To la0 ,o*n the tas4s an, #esponsibilities of the "inist#ies an, co""issions of the State

Council to e7e#cise unifie, lea,e#ship o.e# the *o#4 of the "inist#ies an, co""issions an, to ,i#ect allothe# a,"inist#ati.e *o#4 of a national cha#acte# that ,oes not fall *ithin the /u#is,iction of the "inist#ies

an, co""issions: @$ To e7e#cise unifie, lea,e#ship o.e# the *o#4 of local o#+ans of state a,"inist#ation at

,iffe#ent le.els th#ou+hout the count#0 an, to la0 ,o*n the ,etaile, ,i.ision of functions an, po*e#s bet*een the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent an, the o#+ans of state a,"inist#ation of p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions



an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent: @< To ,#a* up an, i"ple"ent the plan fo#

national econo"ic an, social ,e.elop"ent an, the state bu,+et: @= To ,i#ect an, a,"iniste# econo"ic

*o#4 an, u#ban an, #u#al ,e.elop"ent: @> To ,i#ect an, a,"iniste# the *o#4 conce#nin+ e,ucation

science cultu#e public health ph0sical cultu#e an, fa"il0 plannin+: @' To ,i#ect an, a,"iniste# the *o#4conce#nin+ ci.il affai#s public secu#it0 /u,icial a,"inist#ation supe#.ision an, othe# #elate, "atte#s: @&

To con,uct fo#ei+n affai#s an, conclu,e t#eaties an, a+#ee"ents *ith fo#ei+n states: @%1 To ,i#ect an,

a,"iniste# the buil,in+ of national ,efence: @%% To ,i#ect an, a,"iniste# affai#s conce#nin+ the

nationalities an, to safe+ua#, the e9ual #i+hts of "ino#it0 nationalities an, the #i+ht of autono"0 of thenational autono"ous a#eas: @%( To p#otect the le+iti"ate #i+hts an, inte#ests of Chinese nationals #esi,in+

ab#oa, an, p#otect the la*ful #i+hts an, inte#ests of #etu#ne, o.e#seas Chinese an, of the fa"il0 "e"be#s

of Chinese nationals #esi,in+ ab#oa,: @%; To alte# o# annul inapp#op#iate o#,e#s ,i#ecti.es an, #e+ulations

issue, b0 the "inist#ies o# co""issions: @%$ To alte# o# annul inapp#op#iate ,ecisions an, o#,e#s issue, b0local o#+ans of state a,"inist#ation at ,iffe#ent le.els: @%< To app#o.e the +eo+#aphic ,i.ision of

p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent an, to app#o.e

the establish"ent an, +eo+#aphic ,i.ision of autono"ous p#efectu#es counties autono"ous counties an,

cities: @%= To ,eci,e on the enfo#ce"ent of "a#tial la* in pa#ts of p#o.inces autono"ous #e+ions an,"unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent: @%> To e7a"ine an, ,eci,e on the si8e of

a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans an, in acco#,ance *ith the la* to appoint #e"o.e an, t#ain a,"inist#ati.e office#s

app#aise thei# *o#4 an, #e*a#, o# punish the": an, @%' To e7e#cise such othe# functions an, po*e#s as the

National People’s Con+#ess o# its Stan,in+ Co""ittee "a0 assi+n it-

A#ticle &1

The "iniste#s in cha#+e of "inist#ies o# co""issions of the State Council a#e #esponsible fo# the *o#4 ofthei# #especti.e ,epa#t"ents an, con.ene an, p#esi,e o.e# thei# "iniste#ial "eetin+s o# co""ission

"eetin+s that ,iscuss an, ,eci,e on "a/o# issues in the *o#4 of thei# #especti.e ,epa#t"ents- The "inist#ies

an, co""issions issue o#,e#s ,i#ecti.es an, #e+ulations *ithin the /u#is,iction of thei# #especti.e

,epa#t"ents an, in acco#,ance *ith the statutes an, the a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations ,ecisions an,o#,e#s issue, b0 the State Council-

A#ticle &%

The State Council establishes an au,itin+ bo,0 to supe#.ise th#ou+h au,itin+ the #e.enue an, e7pen,itu#e

of all ,epa#t"ents un,e# the State Council an, of the local +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els an, those of thestate financial an, "oneta#0 o#+ani8ations an, of ente#p#ises an, un,e#ta4in+s- Un,e# the ,i#ection of the

P#e"ie# of the State Council the au,itin+ bo,0 in,epen,entl0 e7e#cises its po*e# to supe#.ise th#ou+hau,itin+ in acco#,ance *ith the la* sub/ect to no inte#fe#ence b0 an0 othe# a,"inist#ati.e o#+an o# an0

public o#+ani8ation o# in,i.i,ual-

A#ticle &(

The State Council is #esponsible an, #epo#ts on its *o#4 to the National People’s Con+#ess o# *hen the

National People’s Con+#ess is not in session to its Stan,in+ Co""ittee-

SECTION $ The Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission

A#ticle &;

The Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission of the People’s Republic of China ,i#ects the a#"e, fo#ces of the

count#0- The Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission is co"pose, of the follo*in+ The Chai#"an: The ice2

Chai#"en: an, )e"be#s- The Chai#"an of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission has o.e#all #esponsibilit0 fo#the co""ission- The te#" of office of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission is the sa"e as that of the National

People’s Con+#ess-

A#ticle &$



The Chai#"an of the Cent#al )ilita#0 Co""ission is #esponsible to the National People’s Con+#ess an, its

Stan,in+ Co""ittee-

SECTION < The Local People’s Con+#ess an, the Local People’s 3o.e#n"ents at !iffe#ent Le.els

A#ticle &<

People’s con+#esses an, people’s +o.e#n"ents a#e establishe, in p#o.inces "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e#

the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent counties cities "unicipal ,ist#icts to*nships nationalit0 to*nships an, to*ns-

The o#+ani8ation of local people’s con+#esses an, local people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els is p#esc#ibe, b0 la*- O#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent a#e establishe, in autono"ous #e+ions autono"ous

p#efectu#es an, autono"ous counties- The o#+ani8ation an, *o#4in+ p#oce,u#es of o#+ans of self2

+o.e#n"ent a#e p#esc#ibe, b0 la* in acco#,ance *ith the basic p#inciples lai, ,o*n in Sections an, I

of Chapte# Th#ee of the Constitution-

A#ticle &=

Local people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e local o#+ans of state po*e#- Local people’s con+#esses at

an, abo.e the count0 le.el establish stan,in+ co""ittees-

A#ticle &>

!eputies to the people’s con+#esses of p#o.inces "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent

an, cities ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts a#e electe, b0 the people’s con+#esses at the ne7t lo*e# le.el: ,eputies to

the people’s con+#esses of counties cities not ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts "unicipal ,ist#icts to*nships

nationalit0 to*nships an, to*ns a#e electe, ,i#ectl0 b0 thei# constituencies- The nu"be# of ,eputies tolocal people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent le.els an, the "anne# of thei# election a#e p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle &'

The te#" of office of the people’s con+#esses of p#o.inces "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al

3o.e#n"ent an, cities ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts is fi.e 0ea#s- The te#" of office of the people’s con+#esses ofcounties cities not ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts "unicipal ,ist#icts to*nships nationalit0 to*nships an, to*ns is

th#ee 0ea#s-

A#ticle &&

Local people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent le.els ensu#e the obse#.ance an, i"ple"entation of the Constitutionthe statutes an, the a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations in thei# #especti.e a,"inist#ati.e a#eas- ?ithin the

li"its of thei# autho#it0 as p#esc#ibe, b0 la* the0 a,opt an, issue #esolutions an, e7a"ine an, ,eci,e on

plans fo# local econo"ic an, cultu#al ,e.elop"ent an, fo# ,e.elop"ent of public se#.ices- Local people’s

con+#esses at an, abo.e the count0 le.el e7a"ine an, app#o.e the plans fo# econo"ic an, social,e.elop"ent an, the bu,+ets of thei# #especti.e a,"inist#ati.e a#eas an, e7a"ine an, app#o.e #epo#ts on

thei# i"ple"entation- The0 ha.e the po*e# to alte# o# annul inapp#op#iate ,ecisions of thei# o*n stan,in+

co""ittees- The people’s con+#esses of nationalit0 to*nships "a0 *ithin the li"its of thei# autho#it0 as p#esc#ibe, b0 la* ta4e specific "easu#es suite, to the peculia#ities of the nationalities conce#ne,-

A#ticle %11

The people’s con+#esses of p#o.inces an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent an, thei#stan,in+ co""ittees "a0 a,opt local #e+ulations *hich "ust not cont#a.ene the Constitution the statutes

an, the a,"inist#ati.e #ules an, #e+ulations an, the0 shall #epo#t such local #e+ulations to the Stan,in+

Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess fo# the #eco#,-



A#ticle %1%

At thei# #especti.e le.els local people’s con+#esses elect an, ha.e the po*e# to #ecall +o.e#no#s an,

,eput0 +o.e#no#s o# "a0o#s an, ,eput0 "a0o#s o# hea,s an, ,eput0 hea,s of counties ,ist#ictsto*nships an, to*ns- Local people’s con+#esses at an, abo.e the count0 le.el elect an, ha.e the po*e# to

#ecall p#esi,ents of people’s cou#ts an, chief p#ocu#ato#s of people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at the co##espon,in+

le.el- The election o# #ecall of chief p#ocu#ato#s of people’s p#ocu#ato#ates shall be #epo#te, to the chief

p#ocu#ato#s of the people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at the ne7t hi+he# le.el fo# sub"ission to the stan,in+co""ittees of the people’s con+#esses at the co##espon,in+ le.el fo# app#o.al-

A#ticle %1(

!eputies to the people’s con+#esses of p#o.inces "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al 3o.e#n"ent

an, cities ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts a#e sub/ect to supe#.ision b0 the units *hich electe, the": ,eputies to the

people’s con+#esses of counties cities not ,i.i,e, into ,ist#icts "unicipal ,ist#icts to*nships nationalit0

to*nships an, to*ns a#e sub/ect to supe#.ision b0 thei# constituencies- The electo#al units an,constituencies *hich elect ,eputies to local people’s con+#esses at ,iffe#ent le.els ha.e the po*e#

acco#,in+ to p#oce,u#es p#esc#ibe, b0 la* to #ecall ,eputies *ho" the0 electe,-

A#ticle %1;

The stan,in+ co""ittee of a local people’s con+#ess at an, abo.e the count0 le.el is co"pose, of a

chai#"an .ice2chai#"en an, "e"be#s an, is #esponsible an, #epo#ts on its *o#4 to the people’s con+#ess

at the co##espon,in+ le.el- The local people’s con+#ess at an, abo.e the count0 le.el elects an, has the po*e# to #ecall an0one on the stan,in+ co""ittee of the people’s con+#ess at the co##espon,in+ le.el- No

one on the stan,in+ co""ittee of a local people’s con+#ess at an, abo.e the count0 le.el shall hol, an0

post in state a,"inist#ati.e /u,icial an, p#ocu#ato#ial o#+ans-

A#ticle %1$

The stan,in+ co""ittee of a local people’s con+#ess at an, abo.e the count0 le.el ,iscusses an, ,eci,es on

"a/o# issues in all fiel,s of *o#4 in its a,"inist#ati.e a#ea: supe#.ises the *o#4 of the people’s +o.e#n"ent people’s cou#t an, people’s p#ocu#ato#ate at the co##espon,in+ le.el: annuls inapp#op#iate ,ecisions an,

o#,e#s of the people’s +o.e#n"ent at the co##espon,in+ le.el: annuls inapp#op#iate #esolutions of the people’s con+#ess at the ne7t lo*e# le.el: ,eci,es on the appoint"ent an, #e"o.al of functiona#ies of state

o#+ans *ithin its /u#is,iction as p#esc#ibe, b0 la*: an, *hen the people’s con+#ess at the co##espon,in+le.el is not in session #ecalls in,i.i,ual ,eputies to the people’s con+#ess at the ne7t hi+he# le.el an, elects

in,i.i,ual ,eputies to fill .acancies in that people’s con+#ess-

A#ticle %1<

Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e the e7ecuti.e bo,ies of local o#+ans of state po*e# as

*ell as the local o#+ans of state a,"inist#ation at the co##espon,in+ le.el- Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at

,iffe#ent le.els p#actice the s0ste" of o.e#all #esponsibilit0 b0 +o.e#no#s "a0o#s count0 hea,s ,ist#icthea,s to*nship hea,s an, to*n hea,s-

A#ticle %1=

The te#" of office of local people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els is the sa"e as that of the people’s

con+#esses at the co##espon,in+ le.el-

A#ticle %1>

Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at an, abo.e the count0 le.el *ithin the li"its of thei# autho#it0 as p#esc#ibe,

b0 la* con,uct the a,"inist#ati.e *o#4 conce#nin+ the econo"0 e,ucation science cultu#e public health ph0sical cultu#e u#ban an, #u#al ,e.elop"ent finance ci.il affai#s public secu#it0 nationalities affai#s



/u,icial a,"inist#ation supe#.ision an, fa"il0 plannin+ in thei# #especti.e a,"inist#ati.e a#eas: issue

,ecisions an, o#,e#s: appoint #e"o.e an, t#ain a,"inist#ati.e functiona#ies app#aise thei# *o#4 an,

#e*a#, o# punish the"- People’s +o.e#n"ents of to*nships nationalit0 to*nships an, to*ns ca##0 out the

#esolutions of the people’s con+#ess at the co##espon,in+ le.el as *ell as the ,ecisions an, o#,e#s of thestate a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans at the ne7t hi+he# le.el an, con,uct a,"inist#ati.e *o#4 in thei# #especti.e

a,"inist#ati.e a#eas- People’s +o.e#n"ents of p#o.inces an, "unicipalities ,i#ectl0 un,e# the Cent#al

3o.e#n"ent ,eci,e on the establish"ent an, +eo+#aphic ,i.ision of to*nships nationalit0 to*nships an,

to*ns-

A#ticle %1'

Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at an, abo.e the count0 le.el ,i#ect the *o#4 of thei# subo#,inate ,epa#t"entsan, of people’s +o.e#n"ents at lo*e# le.els an, ha.e the po*e# to alte# o# annul inapp#op#iate ,ecisions of

thei# subo#,inate ,epa#t"ents an, people’s +o.e#n"ents at lo*e# le.els-

A#ticle %1&

Au,itin+ bo,ies a#e establishe, b0 local people’s +o.e#n"ents at an, abo.e the count0 le.el- Local

au,itin+ bo,ies at ,iffe#ent le.els in,epen,entl0 e7e#cise thei# po*e# to supe#.ise th#ou+h au,itin+ in

acco#,ance *ith the la* an, a#e #esponsible to the people’s +o.e#n"ent at the co##espon,in+ le.el an, to

the au,itin+ bo,0 at the ne7t hi+he# le.el-

A#ticle %%1

Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e #esponsible an, #epo#t on thei# *o#4 to people’s

con+#esses at the co##espon,in+ le.el- Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at an, abo.e the count0 le.el a#e

#esponsible an, #epo#t on thei# *o#4 to the stan,in+ co""ittee of the people’s con+#ess at the

co##espon,in+ le.el *hen the con+#ess is not in session- Local people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e#esponsible an, #epo#t on thei# *o#4 to the state a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans at the ne7t hi+he# le.el- Local

people’s +o.e#n"ents at ,iffe#ent le.els th#ou+hout the count#0 a#e state a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans un,e# the

unifie, lea,e#ship of the State Council an, a#e subo#,inate to it-

A#ticle %%%

The #esi,ents’ co""ittees an, .illa+e#s’ co""ittees establishe, a"on+ u#ban an, #u#al #esi,ents on the

basis of thei# place of #esi,ence a#e "ass o#+ani8ations of self2"ana+e"ent at the +#ass2#oots le.el- Thechai#"an .ice2chai#"en an, "e"be#s of each #esi,ents’ o# .illa+e#s’ co""ittee a#e electe, b0 the

#esi,ents- The #elationship bet*een the #esi,ents’ an, .illa+e#s’ co""ittees an, the +#ass2#oots o#+ans of

state po*e# is p#esc#ibe, b0 la*- The #esi,ents’ an, .illa+e#s’ co""ittees establish co""ittees fo# people’s

"e,iation public secu#it0 public health an, othe# "atte#s in o#,e# to "ana+e public affai#s an, socialse#.ices in thei# a#eas "e,iate ci.il ,isputes help "aintain public o#,e# an, con.e0 #esi,ents’ opinions

an, ,e"an,s an, "a4e su++estions to the people’s +o.e#n"ent-

SECTION = The O#+ans of Self2+o.e#n"ent of

National Autono"ous A#eas

A#ticle %%(

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of national autono"ous a#eas a#e the people’s con+#esses an, people’s

+o.e#n"ents of autono"ous #e+ions autono"ous p#efectu#es an, autono"ous counties-

A#ticle %%;



In the people’s con+#ess of an autono"ous #e+ion p#efectu#e o# count0 in a,,ition to the ,eputies of the

nationalit0 o# nationalities e7e#cisin+ #e+ional autono"0 in the a,"inist#ati.e a#ea the othe# nationalities

inhabitin+ the a#ea a#e also entitle, to app#op#iate #ep#esentation- The chai#"anship an, .ice2chai#"enships

of the stan,in+ co""ittee of the people’s con+#ess of an autono"ous #e+ion p#efectu#e o# count0 shallinclu,e a citi8en o# citi8ens of the nationalit0 o# nationalities e7e#cisin+ #e+ional autono"0 in the a#ea

conce#ne,-

A#ticle %%$

The a,"inist#ati.e hea, of an autono"ous #e+ion p#efectu#e o# count0 shall be a citi8en of the nationalit0

o# of one of the nationalities e7e#cisin+ #e+ional autono"0 in the a#ea conce#ne,-

A#ticle %%<

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of autono"ous #e+ions p#efectu#es an, counties e7e#cise the functions an,

po*e#s of local o#+ans of state as specifie, in Section of Chapte# Th#ee of the Constitution- At the sa"eti"e the0 e7e#cise the #i+ht of autono"0 *ithin the li"its of thei# autho#it0 as p#esc#ibe, b0 the

Constitution the la* of #e+ional national autono"0 an, othe# la*s an, i"ple"ent the la*s an, policies of

the state in the li+ht of the e7istin+ local situation-

A#ticle %%=

People’s con+#esses of national autono"ous a#eas ha.e the po*e# to enact autono"0 #e+ulations an,

specific #e+ulations in the li+ht of the political econo"ic an, cultu#al cha#acte#istics of the nationalit0 o#nationalities in the a#eas conce#ne,- The autono"0 #e+ulations an, specific #e+ulations of autono"ous

#e+ions shall be sub"itte, to the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess fo# app#o.al

befo#e the0 +o into effect- Those of autono"ous p#efectu#es an, counties shall be sub"itte, to the stan,in+

co""ittees of the people’s con+#esses of p#o.inces o# autono"ous #e+ions fo# app#o.al befo#e the0 +o intoeffect an, the0 shall be #epo#te, to the Stan,in+ Co""ittee of the National People’s Con+#ess fo# the

#eco#,-

A#ticle %%>

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of the national autono"ous a#eas ha.e the po*e# of autono"0 ina,"iniste#in+ the finances of thei# a#eas- All #e.enues acc#uin+ to the national autono"ous a#eas un,e# the

financial s0ste" of the state shall be "ana+e, an, use, in,epen,entl0 b0 the o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent ofthose a#eas-

A#ticle %%'

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of the national autono"ous a#eas in,epen,entl0 a##an+e fo# an, a,"iniste#

local econo"ic ,e.elop"ent un,e# the +ui,ance of state plans- In ,e.elopin+ natu#al #esou#ces an,

buil,in+ ente#p#ises in the national autono"ous a#eas the state shall +i.e ,ue consi,e#ation to the inte#ests

of those a#eas-

A#ticle %%&

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of the national autono"ous a#eas in,epen,entl0 a,"iniste# e,ucationalscientific cultu#al public health an, ph0sical cultu#e affai#s in thei# #especti.e a#eas so#t out an, p#otect

the cultu#al le+ac0 of the nationalities an, *o#4 fo# the ,e.elop"ent an, p#ospe#it0 of thei# cultu#es-

A#ticle %(1

The o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of the national autono"ous a#eas "a0 in acco#,ance *ith the "ilita#0

s0ste" of the state an, conc#ete local nee,s an, *ith the app#o.al of the State Council o#+ani8e local public secu#it0 fo#ces fo# the "aintenance of public o#,e#-



A#ticle %(%

In pe#fo#"in+ thei# functions the o#+ans of self2+o.e#n"ent of the national autono"ous a#eas inacco#,ance *ith the autono"0 #e+ulations of the #especti.e a#eas e"plo0 the spo4en an, *#itten lan+ua+e

o# lan+ua+es in co""on use in the localit0-

A#ticle %((

The state +i.es financial "ate#ial an, technical assistance to the "ino#it0 nationalities to accele#ate thei#

econo"ic an, cultu#al ,e.elop"ent- The state helps the national autono"ous a#eas t#ain la#+e nu"be#s of

ca,#es at ,iffe#ent le.els an, speciali8e, pe#sonnel an, s4ille, *o#4e#s of ,iffe#ent p#ofessions an, t#a,esf#o" a"on+ the nationalit0 o# nationalities in those a#eas-

Section I The People’s Cou#t an, the People’s P#ocu#ato#ates

A#ticle %(;

The people’s cou#ts in the People’s Republic of China a#e the /u,icial o#+ans of the state-

A#ticle %($

The People’s Republic of China establishes the Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t an, the local people’s cou#ts at

,iffe#ent le.els "ilita#0 cou#ts an, othe# special people’s cou#ts- The te#" of office of the P#esi,ent of theSup#e"e People’s Cou#t is the sa"e as that of the National People’s Con+#ess: he shall se#.e no "o#e than

t*o consecuti.e te#"s- The o#+ani8ation of people’s cou#ts is p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle %(<

All cases han,le, b0 the people’s cou#ts e7cept fo# those in.ol.in+ special ci#cu"stances as specifie, b0

la* shall be hea#, in public- The accuse, has the #i+ht of ,efence-

A#ticle %(=

The people’s cou#ts shall in acco#,ance *ith the la* e7e#cise /u,icial po*e# in,epen,entl0 an, a#e not

sub/ect to inte#fe#ence b0 a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans public o#+ani8ations o# in,i.i,uals-

A#ticle %(>

The Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t is the hi+hest /u,icial o#+an- The Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t supe#.ises thea,"inist#ation of /ustice b0 the local people’s cou#ts at ,iffe#ent le.els an, b0 the special people’s cou#ts:

people’s cou#ts at hi+he# le.els supe#.ise the a,"inist#ation of /ustice b0 those at lo*e# le.els-

A#ticle %('

The Sup#e"e People’s Cou#t is #esponsible to the National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+ Co""ittee-

Local people’s cou#ts at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e #esponsible to the o#+ans of state po*e# *hich c#eate, the"-

A#ticle %(&

The people’s p#ocu#ato#ates of the People’s Republic of China a#e state o#+ans fo# le+al supe#.ision-

A#ticle %;1

The People’s Republic of China establishes the Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate an, the local people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at ,iffe#ent le.els "ilita#0 p#ocu#ato#ates an, othe# special people’s p#ocu#ato#ates- The



te#" of office of the P#ocu#ato#23ene#al of the Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate is the sa"e as that of the

National People’s Con+#ess: he shall se#.e no "o#e than t*o consecuti.e te#"s-

The o#+ani8ation of people’s p#ocu#ato#ates is p#esc#ibe, b0 la*-

A#ticle %;%

People’s p#ocu#ato#ates shall in acco#,ance *ith the la* e7e#cise p#ocu#ato#ial po*e# in,epen,entl0 an,

a#e not sub/ect to inte#fe#ence b0 a,"inist#ati.e o#+ans public o#+ani8ations o# in,i.i,uals-

A#ticle %;(

The Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate is the hi+hest p#ocu#ato#ial o#+an- The Sup#e"e People’sP#ocu#ato#ate ,i#ects the *o#4 of the local people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at ,iffe#ent le.els an, of the special

people’s p#ocu#ato#ates: people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at hi+he# le.els ,i#ect the *o#4 of those at lo*e# le.els-

A#ticle %;;

The Sup#e"e People’s P#ocu#ato#ate is #esponsible to the National People’s Con+#ess an, its Stan,in+

Co""ittee- Local people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at ,iffe#ent le.els a#e #esponsible to the o#+ans of state po*e# at

the co##espon,in+ le.els *hich c#eate, the" an, to the people’s p#ocu#ato#ates at the hi+he# le.el-

A#ticle %;$

Citi8ens of all nationalities ha.e the #i+ht to use the spo4en an, *#itten lan+ua+es of thei# o*n nationalitiesin cou#t p#ocee,in+s- The people’s cou#ts an, people’s p#ocu#ato#ates shoul, p#o.i,e t#anslation fo# an0

pa#t0 to the cou#t p#ocee,in+s *ho is not fa"ilia# *ith the spo4en o# *#itten lan+ua+es in co""on use in

the localit0- In an a#ea *he#e people of a "ino#it0 nationalit0 li.e in a co"pact co""unit0 o# *he#e a

nu"be# of nationalities li.e to+ethe# hea#in+s shoul, be con,ucte, in the lan+ua+e o# lan+ua+es inco""on use in the localit0: in,ict"ents /u,+"ents notices an, othe# ,ocu"ents shoul, be *#itten

acco#,in+ to actual nee,s in the lan+ua+e o# lan+ua+es in co""on use in the localit0-

A#ticle %;<

The people’s cou#ts people’s p#ocu#ato#ates an, public secu#it0 o#+ans shall in han,lin+ c#i"inal cases,i.i,e thei# functions each ta4in+ #esponsibilit0 fo# its o*n *o#4 an, the0 shall coo#,inate thei# effo#ts

an, chec4 each othe# to ensu#e co##ect an, effecti.e enfo#ce"ent of la*-

CHAPTER I The National Fla+

the National E"ble" an, the Capital

A#ticle %;=

The national fla+ of the People’s Republic of China is a #e, fla+ *ith fi.e sta#s-

A#ticle %;>

The national e"ble" of the People’s Republic of China is Tian’an"en in the cent#e illu"inate, b0 fi.esta#s an, enci#cle, b0 ea#s of +#ain an, a co+*heel-

A#ticle %;'

The capital of the People’s Republic of China is Bei/in+-

the constitution of the peoples republic of china

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