the construction of sustainable society and the ...average per capita disposable income (urban)...
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The Construction of SustainableSociety and the Dismantling
Industry of Used Mobile Phones in China
ZHANG, ChenggangTsinghua University
Email: [email protected]
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OUTLINE Ⅰ: The proliferation of used mobile phones Ⅱ:The present situation and dilemma of
China’s dismantling industry of used mobile phones
Ⅲ: The reasons for the dilemma of used mobile dismantling industry.
Ⅳ: The particularity of used mobile phone dismantling industry in China
Ⅴ: The complexity of dealing with mobile phone dismantling industry in China
VI: The Evolution of China’s Environmental Protection Policy
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Background 1)Non-renewable resources and energies
are in short of supply in the whole world. This situation is particularly emergent in China. 2)The short of energies and resources is
constraining the economic development and the improvement of people’s living standard. 3)With the increasing popularity rate of
mobile phones and the piling up of used mobile phones, environment problems caused by mobile phones is becoming a universal problem in the world.
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4)Similar with the developed countries, China faces the problem resulted by the great number of used mobile phones. If treated improperly, serious environment pollution may be resulted.. 5) China’s actual situations require us to
both alleviating the environment pressure and saving energies and resources. 6)Good, orderly and high-technological
electronic dismantling industry will both solve the pollution problems of used mobile phones and make good use of them.
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ⅠThe proliferation of used mobile phones
0.3 0.6 1.1 1.93.5
6.7
11.2
16.1
21.0
25.9
35.3
41.6
45.647.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1990 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Aug-
08
Nov-
08
increasing rate of china’s mobile phones (according to MII)
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(1) the frequency for users discarding used mobile phones
24%
8%
16%
37%
8% 7%
36%
4%
14%
24%
11% 11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
haven't
changed
mobile phone
half a year one year 1-2 years 3 years above 3 years
2008
2007
the time of people using mobile phone(2007VS2008)
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(2) the amount of obsolete used mobile phones
29%
41%
22%
5%3%
35.0%
39.2%
15.2%
6.2%
2.4%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
0 1 set 2 set 3 set above 3 set
2007年
2008年
how many mobile phones you have?
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Ⅱ The situation and dilemma of China’s dismantling industry of used mobile phones 1) two confusing views:trash or
resource—about the essence of used mobiles 2) the increase of used mobiles and the
resource lack of dismantling industry. 3) the developed dismantling technology
and the lag recycling system.
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4) dismantling technology—the coexistence of manpower and machine. 5) the coexistence of family workshop
and scaled factories.
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A worker who is decomposing with hands while advancing appliances laying aside.
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Ⅲ The reasons for the dilemma of used mobile dismantling industry. 1, For the reason of Echelon
consumption, there appears a special mobile phone cycle period of Chinese character.
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1) the manifestation of economic imbalanc
13786
16974
11634 11309
4140
5855
38443028
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
The national average eastern area middle area western area
Disposable income of urbanresidents
Per capita net income ofrural residents
The income difference of Chinese citizen in 2007(China Statistical Yearbook 2008)unit=yuan
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Average per capita disposable income (urban)
13785.8
4210.1
3357.9
6504.6
8900.5
12042.3
16385.8
22233.6
0.0 5000.0 10000.0 15000.0 20000.0 25000.0
national average
The lowest income households(10%)
Hardship households(5%)
Low-income households(10%)
Lower-middle households(20%)
middle households(20%)
Upper-middle households(20%)
High-income households(10%)
The average disposable income of citizens (China Statistical Yearbook 2008)unit=yuan
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Average per capita net income (rural)
1346.9
2581.8
3658.8
5129.8
9790.7
0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0 10000.0 12000.0
Low-income households
(10%)
Lower-middle
households(20%)
middle households
(20%)
Upper-middle
households(20%)
High-income
households(10%)
Average per capita net income (rural) (China Statistical Yearbook 2008)unit=yuan
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2) the imbalance of economy brings the imbalance of mobiles popularity rate.
62.9
90.1
111.4
137
152.9
13.723.7
34.7
50.262.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Urban mobile phone(set/hundrendhousehold)
rural mobile phone(set/hundrendhousehold)
The change of number of mobiles owned by rural-urban families(China Information Yearbook 2007,
unit=set/hundrend household)
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the absolute gap of mobile phone ownership between urban and
rural households 2002 -2006
49.2
66.4
76.780.8
90.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
absolute gap of mobile phone ownership between urban and rural households 2002 -2006(China Information Yearbook 2007)
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relative gap of mobile phone ownership between urban and rural
households 2002 -2006
0.780.74
0.690.63
0.59
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Relative gap of mobile phone ownership between urban and rural households 2002 -2006
(China Information Yearbook 2007)
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3) the comparison of Gini coefficients between mobiles and average GDP
0.3377 0.3366 0.34120.3214 0.3152 0.313
0.36020.3426
0.31260.2875
0.27410.2529
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
GDP
mobile phone
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4) people’s different incomes lead to the result that they buy different price-level mobiles.
7.4%
15.1%
20.8%
13.7%
23.6%
5.0%1.9%
12.5%
36.3%
44.4%
10.6%
1.9%
19.1%
39.1%
31.8%
6.4%5.3%
43.0%
6.9%
20.7%
46.4%
1.3%0.9%
2.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
below 500 yuan 500~1000 yuan 1000~2000 yuan 2000~3000 yuan 3000~4000 yuan above 4000 yuan
big city
middle and smallcity
Town
rural area
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5 )Mobile phones given to the relatives and friends
25.4%
22.6%
12.8%
11.8%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0%
big city
middle and small
city
Town
rural area
the proportion of different regions send used mobile phones to friends and relatives
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2,Multiple ways of dealing with used mobile phones
retaining for their own (40% , 75.7%); giving to relatives and friends
(approximately 30%,21%); selling (paid Reclamation) (about
22%,14%); free reclamation (special garbage) (about
3%,0.6%); throwing away as ordinary trash (about
3%,5.5% )
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75.7%
20.7%
5.5%
14.1%
0.6%
39.4%
29.5%
3.2%
21.8%
2.5%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%
retaining for their own
giving to relatives and friends
throwing away as ordinary trash
selling(paid reclamation)
free reclamation(special garbage) 2008 2007
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3,second-hand mobile phone consumption caused by unbalanced economy
1) In accordance with the geographical classification of users, they can be divided into three categories. 2) In accordance with the occupations
(or identities) of consumers they are roughly divided into five categories.
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4,mobile phone maintenance industry
65.6%
30.0%
yes
no
Have you repaired your mobile phone?
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The particularity of China’s way of dealing with used phones
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Ⅳ the particularity of used mobile phone dismantling industry in China
1,Used mobile phones :old but not waste
2,The embarrassing situation of mobile phone dismantling industry
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Ⅴ The complexity of dealing with mobile phone dismantling industry in China
1,the Building of Complex Recycling System. 2,Conjunct impacts of different factors 1) Public participation 2)Producers’ extended responsibility 3)Market management
4)international cooperation
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4.7%
5.8%
7.7%
10.0%
10.4%
10.6%
13.1%
14.4%
15.5%
16.7%
21.1%
48.3%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%
Don't know mobile phones can be recycled
recovery procedure is trouble
as monuments collection
it's pity to destruct recycle mobile phone
not interested in mobile phone recovery
make use of function except calling
haven't thought
inconvenient to go to recycle site
remain as backup mobile phone
don't know where the recycle site is
Worry about leakage of personal information
Recovery price is too low
The reasons people don’t have their used mobile phone reclamation
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Would you like have your used mobile phone reclamation to the counter When buying a new one?
4.4%
49.8%
19.4%
24.7%
47.2%
27.4%
20.1%
3.8%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Unconditional
willing
If discount,
willing to
unwilling never thought
2008
2007
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VI The Evolution of China’s Environmental Protection Policy 1)1949-1977,the period of priority over the
development strategies of heavy industry 2)1978-1980s, the period of
modernization development strategy 3)1990s-2002, the period of sustainable
development strategies 4),2003-now, the period of ecological
civilization development strategy
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The low-carbon economy 1)From aiming at economic growth to aiming at
both environmental protection and economic growth,
2)From environmental protection lagging behind economic growth to both marching abreast, and from mainly resorting to administrative measures to a combination of legal, economic, technical and necessary administrative means to solve environmental problems.
3)"Environmental protection optimizes economic growth" had gradually become important principles for formulation and implementation of environmental policy.
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Project 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Growthrate
Urban environmental infrastructure construction investment 595.7 785.3 1072.4 1141.2 1289.7 1314.9 1467.8 1801.0 22.7
Industrial pollution control investment 174.5 188.4 221.8 308.1 458.2 483.9 552.4 542.6 -1.2
Construction of the "three simultaneous" projects 336.4 389.7 333.5 460.5 640.1 767.2 1367.4 2146.7 57.0
Total investment 1106.6 1363.4 1627.3 1909.8 2388.0 2566.0 3387.6 4490.3 32.6
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Research Center for Japanese Studies, Tsinghua University
1)International cooperation between Tsinghua(China) and Japan 2)Support many low-carbon economy
programmes
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Best wishes for a low-carbon society in the world!
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Thank you for your attention!