the convective cloud population during the buildup of the madden- julian oscillation agu fall...
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![Page 1: The Convective Cloud Population during the Buildup of the Madden- Julian Oscillation AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 7 December 2011 R. Houze, S. Brodzik,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56649d2f5503460f94a07979/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Convective Cloud Population during the Buildup of the Madden-JulianOscillation
AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 7 December 2011
R. Houze, S. Brodzik, J. YuanUniversity of Washington
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The Convective Cloud Population during the Buildup of the Madden-JulianOscillation
Three perspectives:
A-Train
DYNAMO
TRMMStill going on!
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The MJO
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Wheeler and Hendon 2004
Phases of the MJO
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TRMM
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Phase 1 Phase 5
Phase 7Phase 3
Frequency of radar echo in “broad stratiform regions” of MCSs
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Phase 7Phase 3
Phase 1 Phase 5
Frequency of radar echo in “deep convective cores”
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Phase 7Phase 3
Phase 1 Phase 5
Frequency of “shallow isolated” radar echoes (anomaly)
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Variation of Echo Category with MJO Phase
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A-Train
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Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) have cold tops and large intense
raining cores
Both raining and anvil components are identified using A-Train
instruments
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CMCSs SM
CSs HCSs excl.M
CSs non-HCSs
Perc
enta
ge %
a) Cloud coverage b) Contribution to precipitation
“Connected MCSs”
“Separated MCSs”
Other High CloudSystems
Non-high-cloudSystems
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DYNAMO
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Cloud Structures(NCAR S-PolKa radar)
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Suppressed phase:
Lines of non-precipitating
clouds
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Suppressed phase:
Clouds at cold pool boundaries
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Suppressed phase:
Clouds at cold pool boundaries
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4 km
8 km
graupel
small icelarge non-melting ice
heavy rain
Small cumulonimbus
melting snow
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Small, weakstratiform area
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Active phase:
Large mesoscale
system Stratiform
Convective
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5 km
10 km
Robust melting layer
inLarge MCS
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Convection feeding into a large MCS
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Shear
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Low-level westerly component, upper-level easterly component
NE
NE
SW
SW
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Biggest MCS of first active phase: weak unidirectional shear
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Larger-than-mesoscale Organization
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Giant Rings of Convection
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Westerly Surges
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EndThis research is supported by NSF grant ATM AGS-1059611, DOE grant DE-SC0001164/ER-64752, and
NASA grants NNX10AM28G and NNX10AH70G
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Extras
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Identify each Identify each contiguouscontiguous 3D echo object 3D echo objectseen by TRMM PR seen by TRMM PR
Convective componentConvective component Stratiform componentStratiform component
Extreme characteristicExtreme characteristicContiguous 3D volume ofContiguous 3D volume ofconvective echo > 30 dBZ convective echo > 30 dBZ
Top height > 8 kmTop height > 8 km
““Deep convective coreDeep convective core”” Horizontal area > 800 kmHorizontal area > 800 km22
““Wide convective coreWide convective core””
Extreme characteristicExtreme characteristicContiguous stratiform echoContiguous stratiform echo
with horizontal area > 50 000 kmwith horizontal area > 50 000 km22
““Broad stratiform regionBroad stratiform region””
Categories of radar echoes seen by TRMM Categories of radar echoes seen by TRMM
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MODIS TB11 + AMSR-E (Yuan and Houze 2010)
combined to find“cold centers” & “raining areas”
Use 260 K threshold
Locate 1st closed contour
Use 1 mm/h threshold for rain rate
Associate pixels with nearest cold center
Use 6 mm/h threshold for heavy rain
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Phase
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Pres
sure
(hPa
)
Phases 1,8 Phases 2,3 Phases 4,5 Phases 6,7
50 E 100 E 150 E 200 E DYNAMO
Mixing ratio anomaly
1000
600
200
1000
600
200
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Descent of easterlies