The Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire:

A CWIQ Option for Monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategies

The Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire:

A CWIQ Option for Monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategies

Inputs

The Logframe defines M&E The Logframe defines M&E activities at four levelsactivities at four levels

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Impact on living standards

Who are the beneficiaries?(access, usage & satisfaction)

Goods & services generatedby the project/Program

Resources provided forProject/Program activities

It is used to monitor outcomes of development actions, (such as PRSPs) ….

It is used to monitor outcomes of development actions, (such as PRSPs) ….

…..through the use of leading indicators, such as access, use and satisfaction

…..through the use of leading indicators, such as access, use and satisfaction

The CWIQ is a household survey

The CWIQ is a household survey

Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana

Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90100

National Rural Rural poor Urban Urban poor

Access to schools (within 30 minutes)Usage (enrollment rates)Quality of service (% satisfied)

Access to schools (within 30 minutes)Usage (enrollment rates)Quality of service (% satisfied)

WARNING! % satisfied

All households 40%Rural households 30%Poor rural households 18%

Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana

Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

National Rural Rural poor Urban Urban poor

Poor teaching Overcrowding Poor facilities Lack of books

What are they complaining about?

Lack of booksa problem

everywhere

Poor facilities - seriousproblem in poor rural

communities

Benue total

Margin of error

(+/-%)All

RuralRural poor

All Urban

Urban poor

Worse now 27.6 5.5 30.6 23.4 14.6 23.8Better now 49.5 5.4 46.7 59.2 61.5 65.7

Household economic situation compared to one year ago

Sample CWIQ outputs - Nigeria

Sample CWIQ outputs - Nigeria

Overall more household feelthey are better off now,

especially among the poorNote margin of

error at 95% confidencelevel

Core Welfare Indicators by District

0

25

50

75

100Safe water source

Adult literacy

Net Primary Enrollment

Net Secondary Enrollment

Access to Health Services

Not Underweight

Kibaha Mtwara Total sample

Sample CWIQ outputs - Tanzania

Sample CWIQ outputs - Tanzania

Countries in which the CWIQ is planned or has

been implemented

Countries in which the CWIQ is planned or has

been implemented Kenya (pilot) Ghana Nigeria Tanzania Lesotho

Senegal Mali Rwanda CAR Guinea Bissau Mozambique

How does the CWIQ work?How does the CWIQ work?

Large sampleShort

questionnaireRigorous control of data quality

Quick data entry & validation

Simple reporting

Fixed core, flexible modules

An off-the-shelf survey package

1. Sampling issues1. Sampling issues

Large samples are encouragedA ‘core’ survey in a 5-10 year survey programAnnual sampling from Master Sample frames

builds up time seriesNot really intended for panel studies - but

these are not excludedSuitable for small area sampling

2. The questionnaire2. The questionnaire

4 pages / 9 sections 3 levels hierarchy (household,

household members, children)Service delivery indicators (access, use

and satisfaction) Indicators on welfare status (Assets,

housing, literacy, nutrition, employment)

2. The questionnaire (contd.)2. The questionnaire (contd.)

The CWIQ does not collect consumption or expenditure data

The issue of poverty predictors– Kenya experience– Ghana experience– Nigeria/Mozambique experience– Rwanda experience

2. The questionnaire designed for scanning

2. The questionnaire designed for scanning

3. Quality control3. Quality control Data quality is achieved through tight control:

– thorough training;

– close supervision in the field;

– rapid data loading with extensive computerised validation checks; and

– early feedback to interviewers in the case of problems.

Average number of interviews per enumerator/day - four

Mean interview duration - about 40 minutes (with anthropometry)

RequiresTELEform for image processing of the scanned forms, converting the marked areas into data values;

Objective is to start data processing as soon as possible after the start of fieldwork.

A questionnaire can be scanned and converted into the database format in about 2 minutes.

Three people in the data processing team can handle 300 questionnaires per day.

The package includes comprehensive documentation on all aspects of the data processing.

4. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 1

How character recognition is verified and corrected using TELEform4. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 1

Requires Microsoft Access to build data structures, validate, correct, summarise and tabulate the data;

Once scanned the data are transferred to MS-Access which has been configured to:– perform a number of validation checks to test logical

consistency of the data– provide a means of editing erroneous records– generate derived variables

4. Data Processing - Stage 24. Data Processing - Stage 2

5. Generating results

Pre-programmed standard report using Access and Excel

Data can be exported to standard statistical analysis packages

Data and metadata stored and disseminated on CD-ROM

Standardized indicators simplify cross-country comparisons

Summary information It is quick! It’s a packageHelps build institutional capacity:– to collect quality data– to speed up turnaround time– to generate annual series

TA is needed (2X6 weeks)Duration: 2-6 monthsCost per household (approximate):

– First year $54: (pilot survey on 1000 hh. costs $54,000)– Next year $33: (national survey on 10,000 hh. costs $330,000)

The CWIQ is just one of several tools needed for a poverty reduction

information system

The CWIQ is just one of several tools needed for a poverty reduction

information systemPoverty monitoring and moneymetric

analysis LSMS: Income and expenditure surveys

Poverty monitoring over time CWIQ; Admin. records; Prices collection

Poverty monitoring and poverty maps Censuses; small area surveys

Participative poverty monitoring (listening to the poor)

More information on the CWIQ is available at:

http://www.worldbank.org/af

r/stats/