the correctional environment and its impact on the health of communities
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Ellen R. Murray-Clouse, PhD Student Walden University, PUBH-8165-3 Instructor: Dr. Jeff Wu Summer term, 2009. The Correctional Environment and its Impact on the Health of Communities. Purpose. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ellen R. Murray-Clouse, PhD StudentWalden University, PUBH-8165-3 Instructor: Dr. Jeff WuSummer term, 2009
The overall goal of this program is to enhance the learner’s knowledge of
correctional facilities and their involvement in communities where
inmates are released.
At the end of this presentation, participants will:
Develop a greater understanding of correctional facilities as they exist in communities
Understand the increasing need for better healthcare and education in correctional facilities
Correlate correctional health with community health
Associate recidivism rates with an awareness of the need for increased education and health programs in correctional facilities
Background Statistics
Releases to the community
Environment of Correctional Facilities
Disease Prevalence
Recidivism
Cost of Correctional Health
Cost to the Community
Early Release or Reentry Programs
Community public health and corrections partnerships
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Non-Injecting Drug Use Injecting Drug Use Excess Alcohol Use Homeless
Correctional
Non-Correctional
Slide courtesy of Dr. Mark Lobato, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005
Picture courtesy of ClipArt
March, 2002, a report to Congress by the National Commission on Correctional Healthcare reported that: “Each year the Nation’s prisons and jails
release more than 11.5 million inmates. The potential that ex-offenders may be
contributing to the spread of infectious disease in the community became of increasing concern.”
Affects all levels▪ Inmates▪ Staff▪ Community
Picture Source: Southeastern National TB Center archive
HIV estimates 2003 - 1.9% - 2.8% of HIV+
▪ Approximately 4% of U.S. AIDS burden
Tuberculosis diagnosed in correctional facilities 2007 – 3.8% of all TB cases diagnosed in the U.S.
Hepatitis C 2003 - 16% - 41% of all inmates have sero-
prevalence
Flu and other infectious diseases
Hypertension 18% of all inmates
Diabetes 5% of all inmates
Mental Illness 50% - 65% of all inmates have some form
of mental illness
Re-arrest within 3 yearsCategory of Offense
1983 (%) 1994 (%) Change (%)
All 62.5 67.5 8%
Property 68.1 73.8 8%
Drug 50.4 66.7 32%
Public Order 54.6 62.2 14%
Violent Offenders 59.6 61.7 4%
Routine care of inmates 2008 - $20,108 per prison inmate per year Medical contracts – differ per institution
Cost effectiveness and Cost Saving
Source: Florida Department of Corrections
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Infectious Diseases
Chronic Diseases
• Prevention of future cases
• Universal screening and testing
• Counseling, testing and treatment
• No cost saving for corrections
Assess each community individually Cost savings to corrections
Ultimately cost savings to communities that fund correctional facilities
Need for discharge planning in corrections Continuity of care essential for controlling
diseases in community
Staff Correctional staff Medical staff Volunteer staff
Impact on services in the community
▪ Increase in contracts for ▪ Food services▪ Laundry services▪ Other programs
“If there is any one secret of success, it lies in the ability to get the other person's point of view and see things from that person's angle as well as from your own.”
Henry Ford
Pictures courtesy of ClipArt
Project Greenlight Looked at Reentry programs and designs Applied evidence-based principles in design Several areas of concern
▪ Flaws in design▪ Lack of evaluation components▪ Found early release or reentry programs may
not solve recidivism – but may even increase it
Source: http://www.urban.org/ UploadedPDF/1001016_reentry_programs.pdf
Public Health
Corrections
Community LeadersThe ability to promote positive change in
communities begins with partnership.Together we can bring about positive
change for all!Picture courtesy of ClipArt
You must be the change you wish to see in the world.
Mahatma Gandhi
On the ashram precincts, Segaon, January 1938Source: http://www.mkgandhi.org/gphotgallery/1933-1948/pages/d99.htm
Thank You!
Contact Ellen Murray-Clouse, RN, BSN
Home email: [email protected] School email: ellen.murray-
A complete list of references can be seen on the accompanying word document entitled
The Correctional Environment and Its Impact on the Health of Communities
• ACA: American Correctional Association– www.aca.org
• AJA: The American Jail Association – www.corrections.com/aja/
• APHA: American Public Health Association– www.apha.org/
• BOJ: Bureau of Justice – www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/
• CDC: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - Corrections Webpage
– www.cdc.gov/correctionalhealth
• NCCHC: National Commission on Correctional HealthCare
– www.ncchc.org
• NSA: National Sheriffs Association– www.sheriffs.org