The Crusades

The Crusades

Madnick/Global History 9

The Crusades-definition

The Crusades werea series of wars between

Christians and Muslims over control of Jerusalem

• 1095-1291

• 8 Crusades

WE

ME

Constantinople

Jerusalem

TU

RK

S

The Crusades

The Problem:• Jerusalem was invaded by Seljuk Turks• threatened Christian pilgrimages from WE to Jerusalem• tried invading Constantinople

Jerusalem is the holy city of the…

The Crusades

The Solution:• Pope Urban told

European Christians to form armies and conquer Jerusalem

• Promised total forgiveness of sins to all Crusaders

God

Wills It!

The CrusadesThe Motivation—what made people go?

• Escaping hopeless poverty• Adventure and travel• Forgiveness of sins• Gaining land/wealth • Honest desire to save

Jerusalem and Christianity• Business opportunities-new

trade routes and products

The Crusades Business opportunities-new trade routes and products

• Italian cities: Florence, Venice, Genoa• had ships and great geographic

location • Italian cities became major players in

trade/transportation during the Crusades

• opened trade routes and brought new products to WE

The First Crusade, 1096-1147

• Crusaders left WE, August 1096• 12,000 of the original 30,000

crusaders reached Jerusalem June 1099

• captured Jerusalem and controlled it for 50 years

• Muslims took it back• Christians never regained

Jerusalem

The First Crusade

• On July 15, 1099 the Crusaders went over the city walls and unleashed unbridled carnage– Blood reportedly ran

knee-deep– 70,000 Muslims were

slaughtered– Jews gathered in a

synagogue for safety and were burned alive

The Fourth Crusade, 1201-1204

• crusaders attacked Constantinople• burned libraries and churches• people of Constantinople hated crusaders• reputation and powe of the Church began to

decline

WE

ME

Constantinople

Jerusalem

Children’s Crusade,1212

• 7,000 children set out for Jerusalem• believed God could help them • most starved or froze to death• another blow for rep. and power of the Catholic Church

Results of the Crusades

• Muslims kept control of Jerusalem and the Middle East

• Decline of Church power• Decline of Feudalism• Decline of Manorialism• Increased Trade and Exploration

Crusades Review

• List 3 Global History themes and examples

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12187-the-medieval-era-crusades-to-the-middle-east-video.htm