The CrusadesBy

Marco Storchi, Maureen Chudnovsky and Mariano Tortorelli

First Crusade(1095-1099)

Third Crusade(1187-1192)

Second Crusade(1147-1149)

Fourth Crusade(1202-1204)

Children’s Crusade(1212)

Fifth Crusade(1217-1221)

Sixth Crusade(1228-1229)

Seventh Crusade(1248-1254)

Ninth Crusade(1271-1272)

Eighth Crusade(1270)

What are The Crusades?

Web SitesPICTURES

What are the Crusades?The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe during 1095–

1291, most of which were sanctioned by the Pope in the name of Christendom. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the sacred "Holy Land" from

Muslim rule.

The First Crusade(1095-1099)

At a meeting held in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II calledfor a crusade (holy war) to recapture the Holy Land fromthe MuslimS.

The Second Crusade(1147-1149)

After a period of relative peace in which Christians andMuslims co- existed in the Holy Land. French and SouthGerman armies marched to Jerusalem in 1147 but failed towin any major victories. In the Holy Land by 1150, bothkings returned to their countries without any result.

The Third Crusade(1187-1192)

In 1187, Saladin, recaptured Jerusalem. Pope Gregory VIIIcalled for a crusade, which was led by Philip II of France,Richard I of England and Frederick I. Richard did notbelieve he would be able to hold Jerusalem becauseFrederick had drowned and Philip had left. Richard leftthe following year after establishing a truce with Saladin.

The Fourth Crusade(1202-1204)

It was initiated in 1202 by Pope Innocent III, with theintention of invading the Holy Land through Egypt. After aseries of misunderstandings and outbreaks of violence, thecrusaders sacked the city in 1204.

The Children’s Crusade(1212)

It took place in 1212. The leader of the French army,Stephen, led 30,000 children. The leader of the Germanarmy, Nicholas, led 7,000 children. None of the childrenactually reached the Holy Land.

The Fifth Crusade(1217-1221)

It took place in 1217 , and was led by Andrew II of HungaryAnd Leopold VI of Austria. They captured the city ofDamietta, but could not hold it for long. Leopold andAndrew were offered control of Jerusalem and otherChristian sites in the Holy Land in exchange for the returnOf Damietta to Muslim control. But Cardinal Pelagiusrefused the offer.

The Sixth Crusade(1228-1229)

It was started by Pope Gregory IX. He nonetheless set sailFrom Brindisi, landed in Palestine, and through diplomacyhe achieved unexpected success: Jerusalem, Nazareth, andBethlehem were delivered to the crusaders for a period often years.

The Seventh Crusade(1248-1254)

Louis IX of France organized a crusade against Egypt from1248 to 1254. It was a failure, and Louis spent much of thecrusade living at the court of the crusader kingdom inAcre. In the midst of this crusade was the first Shepherds‘Crusade in 1251.

The Eighth Crusade(1270)

It was started again by Louis IX in 1270. The crusade wasdiverted to Tunis, where Louis spent only two months beforedying.

The Ninth Crusade(1271-1272)

The Ninth Crusade was Led by King Edward I of England in1271. It was an attempt to defeat the Mamluk sultan ofBaibers. The crusade failed, and Edward returned home toEngland upon learning of the death of his father, Henry III.

Pictures

Web Sites

•www.google.com•www.wikipedia.org

Thanks!Moru, Marco and

Mario