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5 25 50 75 95B0516HA001PKB0516HA001PQ A1 III+ 05-16-2004 Set: 01:10:00Sent by: lolson News CYANMAGENTAYELLOWBLACK

©2004, The Dallas Morning News

The Dallas Morning News

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Dallas, Texas, Sunday, May 16, 2004Texas’ Leading Newspaper $1.50

Tell us what you think of our current lineup —

A-Rod’s returnThe Yankee slugger expects a lot of booswhen he revisits Arlington Friday night.

◗ SPORTSDAY, 1Cand help evaluate some new strips, too.

FUNNY BUSINESS◗ TEXAS LIVING, 1E

INDEXSECTION A

Texas...............................4-5, 7Elections ..........................8, 10National ...................15, 18, 21World ........................28, 31-33

SECTION B — MetropolitanLottery....................................2Obituaries ...........................6-7Overnight................................9Weather................................10

SECTION C — SportsDayTV/Radio ...............................2NBA .....................................12Baseball..............................4-8

SECTION CC— SportsDay IISECTION D — Business

Robert Miller ...........................3SECTION E — Texas Living

High Profile.............................3Dear Abby ..............................6Miss Manners .........................7Crosswords...........................11

SECTION F — ClassifiedSECTION G— Arts Sunday

Movies ................................2-4Critics Notebook .....................3Books ...............................8-10

SECTION H— Sunday ReaderEditorials ................................2Letters.................................2-3

SECTION I— TravelSECTION J — EmploymentSECTION L — HomesSECTION M — Classified/AutoSECTION N — New Homes

SPORTSDAY

Smarty Jones runs away in PreaknessSmarty Jones moved withinone victory of winning theTriple Crown as the colttook the lead at the finalturn and captured thePreakness Stakes by a racerecord 111⁄2 lengths. TheBelmont Stakes, the finalleg, is in three weeks. 1CMore coverage, 14-15C

LOCAL ELECTIONS

Most area alcoholpropositions OK’dNorth Texas votersapproved almost all alcoholpropositions.Voters in Rowlett. Corinth,McKinney, Fairview andCelina said yes to allquestions. Voters inLancaster approved the saleof mixed drinks inrestaurants but said no toliquor stores. 23ADallas County CommunityCollege District: $450million bond propositionpasses handily. 22ADISD: Jerome Garza andNancy Bingham won DallasIndependent SchoolDistrict seats. 22AComplete electionresults: 22-26A

TRAVEL

Crossing Houstonin just 10 minutesOn Continental Airlines’flight between Houston’sBush and Ellingtonairports, you’re hardly inthe air before you are there.1I

Partly sunny

High: 82 Low: 655-day outlook, 10B

Elzie Odom, the retired Ar-lington mayor, ran into DavidKunkle at the City Hall elevatorslast month when the longtime po-lice chief turned administratorwas on a still-long list of appli-cants for Dallas chief.

“David, why on earth do youwant that job?” the former mayor

and council member said, chuck-ling. “I thought you were a smartman.”

Mr. Kunkle, who turned in hisbadge after 14 years as Arling-ton’s chief to become a deputycity manager the last five, had asuccinct reply. He liked the chal-lenge of returning to Dallas,where his first department hasbeen buffeted by high crime, ascandal over fake drugs, faultyhiring procedures and accusa-tions of cronyism, all leading toformer chief Terrell Bolton’s fir-ing last August.

“David can retire here anytime

he wants,” Mr. Odom said of Mr.Kunkle’s long service in Arling-ton. “Yet he decides to take onsuch a challenging job. It says theguy has some guts.”

You’d never hear it so bluntlyfrom the thoughtful, quiet Kun-kle, 53, who becomes Dallas po-lice chief June 28.

An intense reserve has beenthe hallmark of his 32-year ca-reer, underscored by a self-reli-ance that developed during achildhood that had many painfulmoments. Growing up in Hurst,he had a mother crippled by alco-holism and a demanding father

whose life was later consumed bymental illness.

The oldest of three children,he was 9 when his parents di-vorced. His mother’s alcoholismdeepened and ended her life at

age 45; his father, who lives inCalifornia, has been homeless forlong stretches.

“We learned early that we had

Kunkle found refugein order of the law

Self-discipline carriedDallas’ next police chieffrom chaotic childhood

By MARK WROLSTADStaff Writer MONA REEDER/Staff Photographer

David Kunkle, 53, takes a moment to relax with his dogEmma, a frequent running partner, at his Arlington home.

See SELF- Page 20A

WASHINGTON — Secretary ofDefense Donald Rumsfeld and oneof his top aides authorized the ex-pansion of a secret program thatpermitted harsh interrogations ofdetained members of al-Qaeda tobe used against prisoners in Iraq,including detainees at the infa-mous Abu Ghraib prison, accord-ing to an article in The New Yorkermagazine.

The article, by Seymour M.Hersh, reports that Mr. Rumsfeldand Stephen Cambone, the under-secretary of defense for intelli-gence, approved the use of thetougher interrogation techniquesin Iraq in 2003 in an effort to ex-tract better information from Iraqiprisoners to counter the growinginsurgency threat in the country.

Across the Bush administra-tion, officials on Saturday disputedseveral of the critical details in Mr.Hersh’s article. They said that therewas no high-level decision or com-mand that they were aware of touse highly coercive interrogationtechniques on Iraqi prisoners.

Mr. Rumsfeld, who has apolo-gized for the abuses, has said thatthe prison abuses were conductedby lower-level military forces with-out the approval of senior com-manders.

One of the central unresolvedquestions of the prison abuse scan-

Report:RumsfeldOK’d jail methods Pentagon denies secretprogram, sanctioningabusive interrogations

See RUMSFELD Page 2A

From Wire Reports

Fifty years after the U.S. Su-preme Court struck down the no-tion of separate schools for dif-ferent races, America is no longerblack and white.

The Brown vs. Board of Edu-cation decision, handed down 50years ago Monday, broughtdown barriers for millions ofpeople who sought better oppor-tunities in education and in life.All these years later, most class-rooms in America are a mix ofraces and ethnicities.

But the separateness ad-dressed by the landmark deci-sion is not gone. Rather, it’s

changed.In states such as Texas, where

the Hispanic population is grow-ing fastest, Latino students areincreasingly concentrated intheir own schools.

A Dallas Morning News anal-ysis of state enrollment datafound that more than 40 percentof the state’s 1.8 million Hispanicstudents attend schools that areoverwhelmingly Hispanic. Inmost cases, those schools also areoverwhelmingly poor.

The trend is not isolated toTexas. According to ongoing re-search by the Civil Rights Projectat Harvard University, Latinosegregation nationally has been

Half a century after landmark case, school segregation hurdles linger

A different kind of divide

RICHARD MICHAEL PRUITT/Staff Photographer

A second-grade bilingual class lines up for lunch at Central Elementary in Lewisville, one of 78 majority-Hispanic elemen-taries in the metropolitan area. Its principal says she plans to make it a premier bilingual school.

Hispanics increasinglyconcentrated in mostly

Latino campusesBy JENNIFER LaFLEUR

Staff Writer

See NEW Page 12A

There are changes at the top forthis year’s D-FW Top 200.

Exxon Mobil Corp. remainsfirmly entrenched in the No. 1 rev-enue spot, but there’s plenty ofmovement in the top 10.

Electronic Data Systems Corp.slipped into the No. 2 spot longheld by its Plano neighbor, J.C.Penney Co., according to The Dal-las Morning News’ annual ranking

of the region’s largest publicly heldcompanies.

J.C. Penney was the largest D-FW company when it arrived inPlano in 1988 and had held theNo. 2 spot since 1990 — the yearExxon Mobil relocated to Irving.

New to this year’s top 10 is Tex-as Instruments Inc., coming off astrong 2003 to jump from No. 12to No. 9.

And TXU Corp. gained twospots, moving from No. 9 in 2003

to No. 7 this year. As recently as2002, the energy company hadranked third.

For the first time, the D-FW Top200 section includes a graphicranking the top 200 by market cap-italization. Market cap is the com-pany’s stock price multiplied by thenumber of shares outstanding.

Ranking the 200 by market cappaints a slightly different picture.

For example, AMR Corp., par-ent of American Airlines Inc.,

ranks No. 4 by revenue but No. 28by market capitalization at $2.07billion. And Southwest AirlinesCo., No. 14 in revenue, is thefourth-largest company by marketvalue at $12.74 billion.

Exxon Mobil isn’t just the re-gion’s largest company. Its marketvalue of $268.89 billion is slightlymore than that of the other 199companies combined.

E-mail tmaxon@dallasnews.com

Top of D-FW’s business heap shifts a bit By TERRY MAXON

Staff Writer

For a look at the Top 200,see 1D and Section W.

Life beyond Brown� Before many of the battles to integrate America’s publicschools, there were Robert Walker, his two little brothers and atiny school district in West Texas. The Walkers had been lost tohistory until Dallas Morning News reporter Kent Fischertracked them down. 13A� Books examine the effect of the landmark Brown vs. Board ofEducation. 10G

BRAD LOPER/Staff Photographer

RobertWalkerwas oneof thefirstblackstu-dents toattendan inte-gratedschoolinTexas.

Editorial, 2HViewpoints, 4H

InsidePfc. Lynndie England tellsinvestigators that nakeddetainees “looked funny, sopictures were taken.” 2AOther Iraq news, 32A

Page 12A Sunday, May 16, 2004 The Dallas Morning News II FROM THE FRONT PAGE

on the rise since the 1960s.“What we’re seeing today is dif-

ferent from 50 years ago,” saidCivil Rights Project researcherChungmei Lee. “Before, it wasblack and white. Now, it’s multira-cial, multicultural.”

In the five-county region thatincludes Dallas, Collin, Denton,Rockwall and Tarrant counties, 24percent of Hispanic students at-tended schools that were at least80 percent Hispanic in the 2002-03 school year. That’s up from 18percent in 1993-94.

According to studies by theHarvard center and others,schools with a high concentrationof minorities often have high pov-erty, low parental involvement,less experienced teachers andhigher teacher turnover.

State data also show Latinos, asa group, lag behind their peers onmeasures ranging from the gradu-ation rate to the percentage of stu-dents taking the SAT, factorsstrongly tied to poverty.

Ms. Lee said students in racial-ly mixed schools tend to have amore developed social networkthat can influence whether theyattend college and their careerchoices later in life.

Marı́a Robledo Montecel, ex-ecutive director of the Intercultur-al Development Research Associ-ation, an educational research andadvocacy organization in San An-tonio, said policy-makers shouldtake heed.

“While the old economy of agri-culture and manufacturing couldsupport large numbers of unedu-cated kids, this economy cannotdo so,” Dr. Robledo Montecel said.“It becomes an economic problemwhen minority students are inhighly segregated schools with lit-tle access to resources.”

Snapshot of a schoolIn the hallway that leads to the

office at Maple Lawn Elementary,honks and squeaks bleed out ofthe band room along with theclick-click-click of a metronome.

Nearby, drawings of GeorgeWashington with hair made ofcotton balls stare across to a seriesof students’ self-portraits. Thesubtitles: “Anabel is thinkingabout spring.” “Josue is thinkingabout art.” “Hector is thinkingabout baseball.”

Nearly all the children at Ma-ple Lawn, in the Oak Lawn neigh-borhood northwest of downtownDallas, come from poor families.You wouldn’t know it from the lineof crisp navy blue pants and skirtsand bright white tops. Studentswho can’t afford a school uniformare provided one.

In the cafeteria, crowded rowsof students munch on corn dogs,

burritos and macaroni andcheese. Their chatter, betweenbites, is a mix of Spanish and Eng-lish. About 92 percent of the stu-dents are Hispanic.

A few parents hang out in thecafeteria during lunch. None ofthem speaks English.

While a few of the mostly His-panic elementary schools aresprinkled in suburban districtssuch as Richardson, Grand Prairieand Irving, many are concentrat-ed where one might expect: OakCliff, northwest Dallas and FortWorth, urban areas that have seensignificant increases in the His-panic population in recent de-cades.

“You cannot consider currentlevels of segregation without tak-ing into consideration demo-graphic changes,” Ms. Lee said.

Concentrations of Hispanicstudents also mean concentra-tions of students living in poverty.In area schools where most stu-dents are minorities, the propor-tion of those who are poor morethan doubles, according to theNews’ analysis.

Eighty-five percent of studentsin predominantly Hispanicschools are poor; 72 percent ofstudents attending mostly blackschools fall into that category.

Language difficulties and pov-erty often are barriers to perfor-mance. Maple Lawn principalJuanita Nix called them “stum-bling blocks.”

Maple Lawn fares below thestatewide average on assessments,but it’s better than the Dallas dis-trict as a whole. The key, Ms. Nixsaid, is teacher training. Herschool has a teacher coach oncampus this year and will have an-other next year.

“It’s not just the icing on thecake anymore. Principals had bet-ter find money and have a coachon campus,” she said.

Another key, Ms. Nix said, isaccountability. Performance mea-sures such as the Texas Assess-ment of Knowledge and Skillsweren’t around when Ms. Nix be-gan teaching in 1954, the sameyear the Brown decision was is-sued. Most of her students wereLatinos then, too. She had a classof 45 sixth-graders. Some had tosit on her desk or the windowsill.Most had no shoes.

Most students have better re-sources today, in part because ofthe Brown case, but many schoolswith high minority populationsstill struggle to meet expectations,Ms. Nix said.

A picture of diversityRichardson Terrace Elementa-

ry is, by some measures, the mostdiverse elementary school in thearea.

The names scrawled in crayon

on tags taped to lockers in thehallways include Jaime, Umar,Faith and Fariha. State numberssay the student body is 23 percentblack, 31 percent white, 26 per-cent Hispanic and 19 percentAsian. Principal Betty Daigle saidher students speak more than 20languages.

“You won’t see thirty-some-thing percent Anglo students inour building,” Mrs. Daigle said.Families of Middle Eastern de-scent frequently check the “white”category on questionnaires.

Said Mrs. Daigle: “Our stu-dents develop a comfort level forworking with different cultures. …I think that’s an advantage.” But

as the News’ analysis showed, thatadvantage does not exist every-where.

Of 810 elementary schools inthe five-county area, 228 aremostly of one race.

One of the 78 majority-His-panic elementaries in the metroarea is Central Elementary inLewisville. Central is the only suchschool in the Lewisville district,where most schools are more ra-cially mixed or majority white.

But principal Patty Ruth doesnot see her school’s demographicprofile as a burden. She plans tomake it a premier bilingualschool. And by next fall, the schoolwill have expanded by 77,000square feet and the existing facili-ty will have been remodeled.

Upon entering the new wing ofthe school, visitors are hit with thesmell of new — carpet glue, tileadhesive, plastic chairs, comput-ers. Everywhere, people pack, un-pack, build. A green poster board

guides visitors: “Office, oficina.”In one classroom, Ernestina

Graydon is administering a mathexercise to her second-graders.“Circula los numeros con su sig-nificado,” read instructions oneach student’s sheet.

About 67 percent of Central’sstudents struggle with English, sosome are taught in Spanish.

“We’re in the business of help-ing these children graduate fromhigh school,” Mrs. Ruth said.“What they lack is experience. Wefocus on language development tohelp them.”

Language isn’t the only diffi-culty. At Central, 72 percent ofstudents are poor — a rate fivetimes that of the overall district.

Mrs. Ruth calls it a challengerather than a problem. The pro-portion of Central students whopassed all sections of the state testlast year was half the district aver-age.

Still, Mrs. Ruth has faith in her

students: “They don’t lack in tal-ent or ability.”

The trend of Latino school seg-regation is likely to increase as thepopulation in Texas and in theDallas-Fort Worth metropolitanarea grows. Hispanic students al-ready represent the largest pro-portion of Texas public school en-rollment, at about 43 percent.Locally, nearly one-third of stu-dents are Hispanic.

Promoting integrationThe Harvard study found that

in the last decade, some areashave become more segregated forall races. The study calls for publicpolicies that promote integration.

Ms. Lee said regional policiesshould look at ways to ensureschool diversity through contin-ued desegregation programs andenforcement of fair housing laws.

“Diversity is a value that needsto be embraced,” said Harvard’sMs. Lee. “The reality is that we’regrowing more diverse as a nation,and we need to learn how to inter-act with one another before it’s toolate. The worst thing would be tosit back and do nothing.”

E-mail jlafleur@dallasnews.com

Despite the progress since desegregation, many schools in the Dallas-Fort Worth area remain predominantly of one race or one ethnicity, meaning that at least 80 percent of students are of one group. In some districts, children of different ethnicities or races are not dispersed evenly, making the districts more segregated. This map shows levels of segregation of Hispanic elementary students within districts and indicates schools with strong racial or ethnic majorities of any type as measured by the 80 percent standard.

KEYNot computedLow segregation (0-30)*More segregation (30-50)*High segregation (50-100)*

Schools that are 80% black or higherSchools that are 80% Hispanic or higherSchools that are 80% white or higherNo race is 80% or higher

METHODOLOGY: The Dallas Morning News computed a segregation measure called the “dissimilarity index” for school districts in Collin, Dallas, Denton, Rockwall and Tarrant counties. Districts are assigned a number that indicates the percentage of children in a designated ethnic or racial group who would have to be reassigned to achieve even dispersal across the district. A high dissimilarity index means that schools within a district have widely varying racial or ethnic makeup. A low index means that races or ethnicities are more evenly spread across schools in the district. Charter schools were not included in this analysis. The analysis was limited to elementary schools because in many districts, children segregated in elementary school go to one or two high schools. A dissimilarity index could not be computed for districts with only one elementary school.

377

FORTWORTH

30

30

45

20

820

35W

35W

35E

35E

75

380

67

20

377

287

DALLAS

DENTON

Research and reporting by Jennifer LaFleur; graphic by Layne Smith

STATE OF SEGREGATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

* On a 100-point scale

GROWING DIVERSITYThe number of Hispanic students enrolled in public schools in Texas increased 42 percent from the 1993-94 school year to the 2002-03 school year. As that number has grown, those students have become more segregated. More than 40 percent of Latino students go to schools that are at least 80 percent Hispanic.

Profile of economically disadvantaged students in schools statewide and metrowide:

0

20

40

60

80

100

Majority blackTexas Metro Texas Metro Texas Metro Texas Metro

Majority Hispanic Majority white All schools

78%72%

86% 85%

22%

9%

52%42%

BLACKS ’93-’94 ’02-’03Black students in 80% plus schools: 43,511 29,482Total black students 137,475 181,527Percentage going to 80% plus majority black schools 32% 16%

WHITES ’93-’94 ’02-’03White students in 80% plus schools: 170,963 104,309Total white students 380,291 391,268Percentage going to 80% plus majority white schools 45% 27%

HISPANICS ’93-’94 ’02-’03Hispanic students in 80% plus schools: 25,137 71,246Total Hispanic students 138,861 291,512Percentage going to 80% plus majority Hispanic schools 18% 24%

Five-county area racial majority schools:RichardsonC-FB

Highland Park

Grapevine-Colleyville

H-E-B

Arlington

Mansfield

Kennedale

Everman

Burleson

Crowley

White Settlement

Azle

Northwest

Lake Worth

Castleberry

Keller

Birdville

Southlake

Argyle

Ponder

Krum

Eagle Mountain-Saginaw

Pilot Point

Aubrey

Sanger Celina

Prosper

Anna

Blue Ridge

Farmersville

CommunityWylie

Garland

Sunnyvale

Mesquite

Lancaster

Rockwall

Royse City

Princeton

Lovejoy

Allen

FriscoLittle Elm

Lake Dallas

Coppell

Irving

GrandPrairie

Duncanville

DeSotoCedar Hill

Lewisville Plano

Melissa

McKinney

Wilmer-Hutchins

New racial divide emerges at schools

“The reality is that we’re growing more diverse as a nation, and we need to learn how to interact with one another before it’s too late.”Chungmei Lee, researcher for the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University

RICHARD MICHAEL PRUITT/Staff Photographer

Marisol Martinez, 8, works on an assignment in a second-grade bilingual class at Central Elementary in Lewisville. About 67percent of Central’s students struggle with English, and 72 percent are poor.

ON THE WEBGo to DallasNews.com for a closerlook at public schooldemographics and segregationpatterns in the five-county localarea.

COMING MONDAYA look at the 50th anniversary ofthe Brown vs. Board of Educationdecision through the experiencesof one Dallas family.

Continued from Page 1A

“Our students develop a comfort level for working withdifferent cultures. … I think that’s an advantage.”

Betty Daigle, principal at Richardson Terrace Elementary