The Dawn Of Theatre

Audiences

• There audiences were to be just the middle class people except if you were performing for the king then it was considered high class

Dawn of theatre {ancient theatre}• The dawn of theatre is divided into three

> The Primitive People

> The Egyptian Theatre

> The Hebrew Theatre

The primitive period had No definite theatre or auditorium. This era was filled with lots of shamanism, rituals, dances and a lot of fireside storytelling and they had a SHAMAN who served as a representative of their god. Their dances are done to express the rhythm of life and to pacify the spirits in which they believed.

The Egyptian theatre

• Theatre was set to have started between 2000-3000 B.C.

• Plays were sometimes written in HIEROGLYPHICS, and the plays were said to have been inspired by the plays on the pyramid walls. However, many were simply ceremonies past from generation to generation such as rites of passage, war dances, etc.

• Plays were often written for important events such as coronations, so basically the audience was the whole community. The earliest form of dramatic production comes from the river Nile, made for IKHERNOFRET.

• First recorded play “Passion” around 2000 B.C.

Hebrew theatre• The Hebrew theatre can be linked to:

>The old Testament

>The book of JOB

>The songs of Solomon

One of the modern plays was written by Archibald MacLeish based on the Book of Job.

During this period the bible serves as a raw material for actions and characters. The Hebrew theatre are closely linked with Jewish national renaissance movement of the twentieth century.

Greek and Roman Theater

Roman is better!!!!

Greek

• History– Ancient Greek civilization flourished during the

8th to 6th centuries BC to 146 BC.– Alexander the Great was one of last rulers of

Greek until it was taken control by the Romans after his deaths.

– Many problems raised like who gets the power of the empire which made Greek Empire corrupted.

– Many celebrations were thrown for Dionysus, the patron God of the Arts.

Famous Plays

• AESCHYLUS -The Persians (472 BC)• Euripides- Rhesus, Medea, Herecles,

Alcestis (450 BC)• Sophocles-Ajax, Oedipus, Antigone

(440 BC)• Aristophanes-The Frogs,The Birds

(414 BC)• Actors were the play writers.

Thespis

• Thespis was the first man to win a documented competition in theatre.

• All Actors, or “Thespians”, are named after him

Theaters

• Proscenium Stage

• The plan of Greek theater has three major parts: the Orchestra, the Scene and the main theatre, called Koilon.

• The Greek theaters were performed with many types of plays like comedy, satiric drama, and tragedy.

Audience/Theme

• The audience of the Greek times were very respectful to the actors and writers at the time.

• In Greek Theater, the main themes were comedy and tragedy. Many plays had the Greek gods in the story.

Costuming• In Greek Theater, the costume was a very

important factor of the production, because they could determine the characters by gender or class. For example the color of a chiton would determine rank.

• Actors started to use masks so it can create a effect of personality. Few believe that the mask added resonance to the voice of an actor so that everyone in the huge ancient theater could hear him. It was also used to express emotion.

Roman

• History– After the fall of the Greek empire through 396-

264BC, the Roman Empire took full control. – The Roman empire was split into two. The

West Roman and East Roman.– The Western Roman fell very easily while the

Eastern Roman flourished.

Famous Plays

• Plautus-comedies– Rudens– Persa– Cansina– Braggart Warrior– The Casket and Pot of Gold

• Terence-comedies – The Brother– The Mother-In-Law– Self-Tormentor– Most of the plays Found in Rome were copied or Stolen

from the Greeks.

Famous Plays Con’t

• Seneca-tragedies

-The Trojan Women

-Medea

-Oedipus

-Phaedra

-Hercules on Oeta

Theaters

• Mainly Proscenium stages and also arena stages as well. Many participants in the arena Coliseum were mainly criminals

• The Theaters and stages were very similar to the Greek theater.

• The main difference was the theaters started to be for Roman.

• mainly entertainment Mainly men performed in most theatrical shows, but women could perform in pantomime shows. The most famous actor was Robert Gallus, Quintus who eventually had his face put on the currency coins for his achievements in acting

• Music was involved in these plays. Many of the music were played on wind instruments. (Pipes, cornus, flutes, etc.)

Costuming

• Masks were used to show expressions and emotions to the audience.

• High silk cloths (Toga) were worn which were very expensive at their time.

• Greeks wore chitons• While performing, Roman actors wore different colors on

their robes to represent the role that actor was playing. Wearing a purple robe meant acting as a young man. Wearing a yellow robe meant acting as a young women. Wearing a yellow tassel meant acting as a god.

Roman vs. Greek

• The Romans where more interested in comedy plays and however many found tragedies to be boring and too depressing for the stage.

• When comparing and contrasting ancient Roman theatre to that of Greek theatre it can easily be said that Roman theatre was less influenced by religion. Also, Roman theatre was more for aesthetic appeal. In Roman theatre, war was a more common thing to appear on stage as opposed to the Greek theatre where the plays were mimed and repetitive.

• The Romans loved war and many of their plays involved violence. On the other hand, the Greeks focused on Comedies and Tragedies.

Language

• Most of the plays were written in Latin.

Chinese, Japanese, and Hindu

Chinese Theatre• Goes back to 722 BC.• They would have lavish festivals• Actors were known as “children of the pear garden”• There were 2,890 plays written during the Sung Dynasty • Only males were allowed to perform • They were called Shan • Costumes were elaborate and filtered into the dramatic spectacle.• They used few props to leave more room for dancing.• A famous play was “The Fisherman’s Revenge.”• One of the oldest forms of Chinese drama was Kunqu.• It was performed at regular theater, birthday parties, harvest festivals, and deitie’s

birthdays.• In China, acting was requested as a life study.• One of the elements they used to tell a story was an interpretative dance.• The symbols that they used: 1.) White paper falling from an umbrella means snow.

2.)An actor carrying a flag means army.• The language they performed in is the Chinese language.

Japanese • Started in the 12 and 13 century • The expression “noh” meant talent• The five types of plays were “god, fighting, wig, madwomen, final or demon.”• Kyogen were performed between plays. • In the Noh plays they used masks in the Kyogen Theatre they did not.• It derived from religious ceremony, now used for entertainment and to keep the culture alive.• Zeami was a famous playwright who wrote the famous play Matsukaze• Performed mainly by men.• Three main types; Kabuki, Noh, and Bunraku.• The Kabuki Theatre was based on the Noh Theatre but they wanted to make it more real and

shock the audience.• Kabuki means the art of song and dance.• Mostly done for entertainment, but also religious.• Bunraku used puppets instead of actors.• They used wooden puppets, most of them had three puppeteers.• Chimkamatu Monzaemon wrote, “ Sonezaki Shinju.”• Many plays played around with the idea of loyalty over personal feelings.• The language they used to perform is the Japanese language.• Costumes: As costumes they wore robes such as a Karaori, or a Surihaku. Men would wear

something lika an Atsuita under a robe, normally a Kimono.

Hindu • The Hindu theatre began 1500 B.C but real theatre did not emerge

until the 5th century B.C.• Kalidasa was best known for Plays• Sanskrit drama and poetry were among the Gupta empire’s artistic

achievements • The 8 main rasas were love, heroism, loathing, anger, laughter,

terror, pity and wonder. • Hindu theatre was expressed by singing, dancing, and poetry• India and Hindu theatre is one of the few countries which can boast

of an indigenous drama, unaffected by any foreign influence.• Sanskrit is a literary language used and understood only by

aristocrats.• The green room is where actors change and relax before and after

performances.

Medieval Theatre

• 480 A.D.- 1300 A.D.

• The middle ages sprang into being wholly influenced by the drama of the Greeks

• Medieval theatre involved many church plays such as, Mystery plays, Miracle plays, and Morality plays

• The medieval theatre mainly revolved around religion

History

Plays

• Morality plays would instruct man in what they should do. The great focus in these plays were death

• Miracle plays widened its religious horizons and focused on religion outside the bible

• Mystery plays were a joined effort by the community in which different guilds where assigned a portion of the Bible to act out

Languages

• The main language of medieval times were old English some other people spoke Latin, Hebrew, Aramaic, Old Occitan, Greek, Arabic, Cornish, and welsh.

Playwriting

• Clergy wrote the four-line playlets• Later the dialogue was expanded• As it became more elaborate, more playwrights

were recruited• This opened the door for professional

playwrights• Famous play wrights included Hrosvitha,

Hildegard, The Wakefield Master ( his real name was unknown), John Bale, and Adam de la Halle

Acting and Rehearsing

• Rehearsals took place over months

• Held between dawn and beginning of the work day

• Actors were fined for lateness, not knowing lines or being drunk

• Multiple playlets were rehearsed at the same time

Actors

• Some received fees • At first it was to reimburse the actors• Late 1600’s began to see professional actors• Very few women performed in medieval plays• Only exceptions were for female Saints• There were two reasons: male hierarchy and

trained choir boys had better projection

Staging

• Were performed on fixed or movable stages• The fixed stage was usually against buildings on

one side of town square, or in an amphitheatre• The movable stages were wagons• Usually broken into three parts from left to right

Hell, Earth, and Heaven• Nothing was depicted in its entirety. Very little

illusion of a real place.• All stage production was temporary and expected

to be removed upon the completion of the performances.

Street Pageants

• When dignitaries would come to town they would set up stages all along the street

• Clerks and children would then address them with songs and speeches

• This provided a sense of civic pride

The Audience

• Spectators came from surrounding towns and countryside – all classes came

• Posters were put up on city gates and invitations were sent out to neighboring towns

• A trumpeter rode through town announcing the events

• Work was forbidden during performance time• Most were free, however in some of Europe

there was a fee

Costumes and Props

• Two types of garments: ecclesiastical robes and everyday clothes

• Accessories such as wings were added• Props were used to identify characters i.e. sword,

mirror, snakes etc..)• Heaven reps dressed to awe• Hell reps dressed to scare• Common humans dressed according to rank• Great detail went into designing the devil• Musical instruments included, the celtic harp, lute,

and the rebec.

Festival Theatre

• The church still had to approve• Between 1350-1500 Medieval theatre flourished• Clergy began to reduce its participation• Towns began to finance and produce the

festivals• Producers oversaw everything, they got choirs,

nobles loaned costumes, meals were prepared and lodging was provided. Laborers built the staging. Basically the whole community helped

Background

• After the fall of Rome, and before the renaissance, the time is called Middle Ages.

• A very active time as cathedrals were built, the crusades occurred, and kingdoms were divided and conquered

• The foundations for modern languages were laid during this time

Background continued

• The Church was extremely opposed to any other type of theatre due to the mimes. They still did exist though.

• The Church developed its own dramatic ceremonies to combat the appeal of pagan rights

• Pagans believed in multiple gods. (i.e.. The Ancient Greeks)

The York Cycle

• Actors would get in costume and hop on wagons

• Crowds were gather in the streets to watch them pass

• The wagons would often have two levels to portray heaven and hell

MEDIEVAL THEATER

The middle ages was considered as the Dark Age for the lost in the arts or trading of ideas.

There are 3 types of medieval plays morality, miracle, mystery plays.

All of the plays consisted of spiritual enactments.

HEAVEN AND HELL WERE IN ALL PLAYS AND EVERY PLAY!!!!!!!

Medieval Theatre: Costuming/Stages

Hair was always covered

Garments were worn tight to give skinny yet elegant waist line.

Plays were usually performed outside

Plays were played in cycles and were also acted out on the courtyards of churches and also played on traveling pageant wagons.

No women were allowed to be part of these religious reenactments.

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

The Renaissance which is The Renaissance which is French for French for rebirthrebirth, took place from 1454 to the , took place from 1454 to the 1600s, and spread across several 1600s, and spread across several European countries. There were eight European countries. There were eight major countries that experienced the major countries that experienced the Renaissance. Due to many ideas and Renaissance. Due to many ideas and philosophies, the culture of the countries philosophies, the culture of the countries of France, Spain and Italy became more of France, Spain and Italy became more secularized. secularized.

Theatre/StagesTheatre/Stages

People began to use wings and canvas. The People began to use wings and canvas. The Italian began to use perspective with the illusion Italian began to use perspective with the illusion of depth, by angling scenery as well as theaters.of depth, by angling scenery as well as theaters.

Italy also began using the Chariot and Pole Italy also began using the Chariot and Pole system to move scenery.system to move scenery.

Sebastino Serlio-Set guidelines for theatres Sebastino Serlio-Set guidelines for theatres and design by designing stages fir for three and design by designing stages fir for three types of plays- tragedy, comedy, and types of plays- tragedy, comedy, and dramaticdramatic. .

One of the most famous theater was the Teatro One of the most famous theater was the Teatro Farnese. It was the first theatre built with a Farnese. It was the first theatre built with a permanent proscenium arch.permanent proscenium arch.

PlaywrightsPlaywrights

Many famous playwrights emerged Many famous playwrights emerged during this time. These were some of the during this time. These were some of the most famous; Moliere-French, most famous; Moliere-French, Lope de Lope de Vega-SpanishVega-Spanish, Lope de Rueda and , Lope de Rueda and Pierre Corneille.Pierre Corneille.

The main writers merged from Italian The main writers merged from Italian playwrights. Most other writers were playwrights. Most other writers were inspired from Italian writers.inspired from Italian writers.

Actor and actresses Actor and actresses

The most famous actors and actresses The most famous actors and actresses were the following: Moliere ( a middle were the following: Moliere ( a middle class man), Madeline Bejart (a middle class man), Madeline Bejart (a middle class woman), Lope de Rueda (a middle class woman), Lope de Rueda (a middle class man), and Shakespeare.class man), and Shakespeare.

CostumesCostumes

Costumes at this time were extremely Costumes at this time were extremely extravagant. They contained a lot of extravagant. They contained a lot of puffs, slashes, and frills.puffs, slashes, and frills.

Mask worn in Commedia Dell’arte Mask worn in Commedia Dell’arte represented the character’s represented the character’s personality. personality.

ThemesThemes

The themes of the plays were primarily love, The themes of the plays were primarily love, comedy, and entertainment. Religious themes comedy, and entertainment. Religious themes began to decline, in some of the European began to decline, in some of the European countries.countries.

Spanish Theatre’s main themes were Spanish Theatre’s main themes were adventure, romance, chivalry. Actually adventure, romance, chivalry. Actually many Spanish plays were based on religion many Spanish plays were based on religion and that was the main theme of their plays.and that was the main theme of their plays.

French plays used the Black death as a French plays used the Black death as a history themehistory theme

Commedia Dell’arteCommedia Dell’arte

It was a form of improvised comedy performed by It was a form of improvised comedy performed by professional actors who played the same characters professional actors who played the same characters every time. The comedy was conveyed through lazzi, every time. The comedy was conveyed through lazzi, or comedic interruptions in a play. There was no set or comedic interruptions in a play. There was no set script, but all the actors knew the plot, so entrances script, but all the actors knew the plot, so entrances and exits were never missed. The actors made up the and exits were never missed. The actors made up the lines as they went along. Because of this, no 2 plays lines as they went along. Because of this, no 2 plays were the same. Moliere was the father of Commedia were the same. Moliere was the father of Commedia Dell’arte.Dell’arte.

There was seven men and three women that performed in There was seven men and three women that performed in Commedia Dell’arte.Commedia Dell’arte.

Italians biggest type of playItalians biggest type of play It is known an “Comedy of the Masks” in English. It is known an “Comedy of the Masks” in English.

Stock CharactersStock Characters Are the professional actors of Commedia Are the professional actors of Commedia

Dell’arte. The name is due to the fact that they Dell’arte. The name is due to the fact that they typically play the same character for their typically play the same character for their whole career. They were established whole career. They were established characters such as young lovers, characters such as young lovers, neighborhood busybodies, sneaky villains, neighborhood busybodies, sneaky villains, witty servants, and overprotective fathers that witty servants, and overprotective fathers that are immediately recognizable by the audience. are immediately recognizable by the audience. The characters were identified by the masks The characters were identified by the masks they wore.they wore.

Gender RolesGender Roles

For the first time in Europe theaters, For the first time in Europe theaters, female actors began to emerge, though it female actors began to emerge, though it was still uncommon. was still uncommon.

AudienceAudience

Audiences during this time ranged from Audiences during this time ranged from poor commoners to the wealthy elite, as poor commoners to the wealthy elite, as well as men and women. The poor sat on well as men and women. The poor sat on the ground and wealthy sat up high in the ground and wealthy sat up high in raised theatres. In flat theatres the raised theatres. In flat theatres the wealthy sat up close and the poor sat in wealthy sat up close and the poor sat in the back.the back.

LanguagesLanguages

The plays of the Renaissance in France, The plays of the Renaissance in France, Italy and Spain were performed in Italy and Spain were performed in French, Spanish and Italian.French, Spanish and Italian.

OperaOpera

Is the form of theater in which the words Is the form of theater in which the words of the script are sung.of the script are sung.

BalletsBallets

Ballets de cour- mix of dance and Ballets de cour- mix of dance and theatre. Most famous is “Ballet comique theatre. Most famous is “Ballet comique de la reine” the first ballet. 5 hours long de la reine” the first ballet. 5 hours long centered around Greek goddess Circe, centered around Greek goddess Circe, goddess of magic.goddess of magic.

Began in France. The first ballet was Began in France. The first ballet was made in France.made in France.

TheThe

Elizabethan &Elizabethan &

RestorationRestoration

EraEra

Elizabethan TheatreElizabethan Theatre

History:History: Elizabethan theatre started in 1558 and Elizabethan theatre started in 1558 and

ended in 1603. This era was named after ended in 1603. This era was named after Queen Elizabeth; also referred to as the Queen Elizabeth; also referred to as the Golden Age. During this era, there was Golden Age. During this era, there was no freedom of thought or criticism of no freedom of thought or criticism of public affairs. Once Queen Elizabeth public affairs. Once Queen Elizabeth came into power, the arts flourished. came into power, the arts flourished.

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont.

Famous Playwrights and PlaysFamous Playwrights and Plays Shakespeare Shakespeare Thomas Kyd, John Lyly, Robert Greene, Thomas Kyd, John Lyly, Robert Greene,

David Garrick, Ben Jonson,David Garrick, Ben Jonson, and Christopher Marlowand Christopher Marlowee were the famous playwrights during this period.were the famous playwrights during this period.

Famous plays included:Famous plays included: ““Hamlet”Hamlet” ““As you Like it”As you Like it” ““The Tempest”The Tempest” ““Doctor Doctor Faustus”Faustus” ““Macbeth”Macbeth” ““Romeo and Juliet”Romeo and Juliet”

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont.

Famous theatres and stages:Famous theatres and stages: Hope TheatreHope Theatre Rose TheatreRose Theatre Swan TheatreSwan Theatre Globe TheatreGlobe Theatre Bull Inn TheatreBull Inn Theatre The plays were always performed The plays were always performed

outside in Inn Yards. outside in Inn Yards.

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont. Audience:Audience: All classes watched theatre. The audience was very loud All classes watched theatre. The audience was very loud

and boisterous. Especially the groundlings (poor people). and boisterous. Especially the groundlings (poor people). Audience would express feelings about the plays by Audience would express feelings about the plays by throwing things on the stage from flowers, which meant throwing things on the stage from flowers, which meant they liked it, to food, which means they didn’t like they they liked it, to food, which means they didn’t like they play. play.

Colored Flags were used to tell genre of the play -Colored Flags were used to tell genre of the play -red=history, white=comedy, black=tragedyred=history, white=comedy, black=tragedy

Nobles paid Nobles paid 5 pennies5 pennies for better, more comfortable for better, more comfortable seatsseats

The commoners called The commoners called groundlingsgroundlings or stinkards would or stinkards would stand in the theatre pit paying stand in the theatre pit paying 1 penny1 penny

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont.

Language:Language: Plays during the Elizabethan period were Plays during the Elizabethan period were

spoken in Old English.spoken in Old English.

EX: “Though shalt abide in thy ways of EX: “Though shalt abide in thy ways of the Lord.”the Lord.”

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont.

Famous Actors/Actresses.Famous Actors/Actresses.

No women were allowed to perform on stage, No women were allowed to perform on stage, so the actors were always men.so the actors were always men.

Actors were:Actors were: Richard Burbage.Richard Burbage. Edward Alleyn.Edward Alleyn. Christopher Beesten.Christopher Beesten. Theophilus BirdTheophilus Bird William ShakespearWilliam Shakespearee

Elizabethan TheatreElizabethan Theatre

The theatre was a source of The theatre was a source of entertainment.entertainment.

Themes Included:Themes Included: ReligionReligion Social statusSocial status The main religion of this time was The main religion of this time was

Catholic.Catholic.

Elizabethan Theatre cont.Elizabethan Theatre cont.

Costuming:Costuming: The clothing was very elaborate, the costumes The clothing was very elaborate, the costumes

consisted of:consisted of: Wisk: Standing fan like collar.Wisk: Standing fan like collar. Copotain: Bell shaped hat.Copotain: Bell shaped hat. Hoop skirts.Hoop skirts. Balloon pants.Balloon pants. The amount of clothing worn showed a person’s The amount of clothing worn showed a person’s

wealth.wealth.

1919thth Century Theatre Century Theatre

1801-19001801-1900

HistoryHistory The Civil War took place between 1861-1865. It closed down The Civil War took place between 1861-1865. It closed down

many theatres for the first year, and it also limited touring. But many theatres for the first year, and it also limited touring. But after the war, the theatre industry rapidly grew, especially in the after the war, the theatre industry rapidly grew, especially in the north and west.north and west.

It was also an era of invention and discovery which laid the It was also an era of invention and discovery which laid the groundwork for the technological advances.groundwork for the technological advances.

Also known as “The Victorian Age”, theatre at the time was influenced by Also known as “The Victorian Age”, theatre at the time was influenced by such things as inequality towards women, slaverysuch things as inequality towards women, slavery

In Europe however, the birth of Romanticism had a great deal of impact in In Europe however, the birth of Romanticism had a great deal of impact in theatre. Originating in Germany, it spread throughout the rest of Europe.theatre. Originating in Germany, it spread throughout the rest of Europe.

The invention of railroads, telegraph, telephone, improved on rapid The invention of railroads, telegraph, telephone, improved on rapid transportation, and the invention of the light bulb. transportation, and the invention of the light bulb.

Famous Plays and PlaywrightsFamous Plays and Playwrights

The two most famous playwrights were The two most famous playwrights were Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekov.Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekov.

One famous play was A Doll’s House which One famous play was A Doll’s House which was written by Henrik Ibsen.was written by Henrik Ibsen.

The Importance of Being Ernest- Oscar WildeThe Importance of Being Ernest- Oscar Wilde Miss Julie- August StrindbergMiss Julie- August Strindberg Cyrano De Bergerac- Edmond Rostand (Also Cyrano De Bergerac- Edmond Rostand (Also

created romantic and comedic plays).created romantic and comedic plays).

Actors/ActressesActors/Actresses

There were male and female actors.There were male and female actors.Many of them came from Many of them came from came from came from

theatrical families and backgrounds, and got theatrical families and backgrounds, and got their start in theatre as children.their start in theatre as children.

Famous actors where Joseph Jefferson, Famous actors where Joseph Jefferson, Coquelin Edwin BoothCoquelin Edwin Booth

Famous actress was Sarah BernhardFamous actress was Sarah Bernhard

Famous Theatres/StagesFamous Theatres/Stages

The most famous theatre was the Moscow The most famous theatre was the Moscow Art Theatre, which was located in Moscow Art Theatre, which was located in Moscow and was made as a location for and was made as a location for naturalistic theatrenaturalistic theatre

The Ritz Theatre, The Moscow Arts The Ritz Theatre, The Moscow Arts Theatre, and the arrival of the cinema.Theatre, and the arrival of the cinema.

The theatres of the time period where very special The theatres of the time period where very special and well decorated. With the finest drapes and wall and well decorated. With the finest drapes and wall décor. The stage was a proscenium stage with seats décor. The stage was a proscenium stage with seats in the front and sides.in the front and sides.

AudienceAudience

The crowd during the first half of the The crowd during the first half of the century were unruly, loud and uncouth. By century were unruly, loud and uncouth. By the end of the century though crowds the end of the century though crowds became quieter, more genteel, and less became quieter, more genteel, and less prone to cause disruptions of the prone to cause disruptions of the performance.performance.

To be in these theatres you had to be very well To be in these theatres you had to be very well dressed and well mannered. Only the wealthiest sat dressed and well mannered. Only the wealthiest sat on the sides or also called “box seats”. The rest sat on the sides or also called “box seats”. The rest sat on the bottom seatson the bottom seats

CostumesCostumes

Women usually wore chemises , corsets, Women usually wore chemises , corsets, and petticoats underneath either a walking and petticoats underneath either a walking dress or a hoop skirt. dress or a hoop skirt.

Men usually wore formal pants with a Men usually wore formal pants with a white shirt, a vest, a coat, and a top hat.white shirt, a vest, a coat, and a top hat.

ThemesThemes Realism-Literary term that identifies an author’s attempt Realism-Literary term that identifies an author’s attempt

to portray characters, events, and setting in a realistic to portray characters, events, and setting in a realistic way.way.

Naturalism – Literary movement which is the application Naturalism – Literary movement which is the application of the scientific principles to literature. of the scientific principles to literature.

Romanticism -A movement in literature and the fine arts Romanticism -A movement in literature and the fine arts that stressed personal emotion, free play of the that stressed personal emotion, free play of the imagination, and freedom from rules of form.imagination, and freedom from rules of form.

ComedyComedy Minstrel Minstrel DramaticDramatic

LanguageLanguage

The plays were performed in:The plays were performed in: EnglishEnglishSpanishSpanish French.French.English was modern, but slightly different.English was modern, but slightly different.GermanGerman ItalianItalian (Other European countries) (Other European countries)

2020thth Century Century TheatreTheatre

1900-19991900-1999

Evolution of ElectricityEvolution of Electricity

Before the evolution of electricity candles were used for Before the evolution of electricity candles were used for lightlight

Then came the “Floating oil wick lamp” but Then came the “Floating oil wick lamp” but it was too it was too inefficient because they would always flicker inefficient because they would always flicker randomlyrandomly and too expensive and too expensive

First Spot lamp was called the “Limelight”, created by First Spot lamp was called the “Limelight”, created by Thomas Drummond. Thomas Drummond. It was more natural looking and It was more natural looking and could use spot lights and control the lights.could use spot lights and control the lights.

First theatre to use an electrical lighting system was the First theatre to use an electrical lighting system was the Savoy TheatreSavoy Theatre in London, England. in London, England.

Theatre of the AbsurdTheatre of the Absurd

Started in 1962 Started in 1962 Five major playwrights of the Theatre of the Five major playwrights of the Theatre of the

Absurd are..Absurd are..1.1. Eudene LonescoEudene Lonesco

2.2. Samuel BeckettSamuel Beckett

3.3. Jean GenetJean Genet

4.4. Arthur AdamovArthur Adamov

5.5. Harold PinterHarold Pinter

Movement produced some of the most exciting Movement produced some of the most exciting and original dramatic works of the 20and original dramatic works of the 20 thth Century Century

ThemesThemes

Symbolism-Symbolism- The belief that art should aim to The belief that art should aim to capture more absolute truths which could only capture more absolute truths which could only be accessed by indirect methods.be accessed by indirect methods.

Expressionism- Expressionism- It started out in poetry and It started out in poetry and painting at the start of the century. Its typical trait painting at the start of the century. Its typical trait is to present the world under an utterly is to present the world under an utterly subjective perspective, greatly distorting it to subjective perspective, greatly distorting it to obtain an emotional effect and expressing obtain an emotional effect and expressing personal moods and ideas in depth and clarity.personal moods and ideas in depth and clarity.

Themes cont.Themes cont.

Surrealism- Surrealism- Surrealist Theatre shows the Surrealist Theatre shows the hidden experience, hidden experience, moody tone and moody tone and unorganized structure,unorganized structure, sometimes sometimes bringing together an idea. Basically the bringing together an idea. Basically the ideas from a dream.ideas from a dream.

CostumesCostumes

Women's typical style was: flat bosom, Women's typical style was: flat bosom, unfitted waist, and belt placed at the hip. unfitted waist, and belt placed at the hip. Modern day clothing.Modern day clothing.

Men wore business suits, vest, jackets, Men wore business suits, vest, jackets, and trousers.and trousers.

Famous designers of this time period were Famous designers of this time period were Ralph Lauren and Donna Karon. Ralph Lauren and Donna Karon.

Plays and PlaywrightsPlays and Playwrights

Samuel BeckettSamuel BeckettTennessee WilliamsTennessee WilliamsLillian HellmannLillian HellmannSamuel Beckett wrote the play Waiting Samuel Beckett wrote the play Waiting

for Godot.for Godot.August Wilson, Sam Shepperd, Nail August Wilson, Sam Shepperd, Nail

Simon, Landford Wilson, Paul Zindel, Pete Simon, Landford Wilson, Paul Zindel, Pete Shaffer and Tom Stoppard.Shaffer and Tom Stoppard.

BroadwayBroadway

Broadway was one of the most important Broadway was one of the most important things of the 20things of the 20thth century! century!

The two most famous Broadway shows The two most famous Broadway shows were, Steamboat and Oklahoma!were, Steamboat and Oklahoma!

Two big Broadway show that made Disney Two big Broadway show that made Disney big was Beauty and the Beast and the big was Beauty and the Beast and the Lion King. Lion King.

Broadway was a wide range of Broadway was a wide range of movements and singing. movements and singing.

WW2WW2

During this time plays were used to During this time plays were used to entertain soldiers in camps.entertain soldiers in camps.

Most theaters were made of makeshift Most theaters were made of makeshift tents that 50 to 100 soldiers could fit in.tents that 50 to 100 soldiers could fit in.

Most times soldiers were the actors in Most times soldiers were the actors in these plays. these plays.

VietnamVietnam

Vietnam was very important to theater Vietnam was very important to theater because it mainly gave world renowned because it mainly gave world renowned plays that hadn't been seen in some parts plays that hadn't been seen in some parts of the world.of the world.

Plays from Vietnam that hadn't been seen Plays from Vietnam that hadn't been seen by there world were seen by few soldiersby there world were seen by few soldiers

Important FactsImportant Facts

Epic Theatre was from 1920-1930.Epic Theatre was from 1920-1930.Because of WWI and WWII a lot of Because of WWI and WWII a lot of

theatres had to close.theatres had to close.The Great Strike started in 1926.The Great Strike started in 1926.Theatres before war mostly had a good Theatres before war mostly had a good

and clean ending.and clean ending.The Epic Theatre was the most advanced The Epic Theatre was the most advanced

type of theatre and introduced animation.type of theatre and introduced animation.

Important Facts Continued…Important Facts Continued…

Theatres became more of an improvised Theatres became more of an improvised stage because props and materials were stage because props and materials were hard to buy, it was also part of a theatre hard to buy, it was also part of a theatre movement and to go against war.movement and to go against war.

Theaters also closed in 1942 for inline Theaters also closed in 1942 for inline cinemas that used recorded films rather cinemas that used recorded films rather than peoplethan people

HistoryHistory There are many events that happened during the 20There are many events that happened during the 20 thth/21/21stst century. century.

The Holocaust was the mass murder of over a million Jews that The Holocaust was the mass murder of over a million Jews that started around 1941. On December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor was started around 1941. On December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor was invaded by the Japanese. World War 1 and 2 were two very major invaded by the Japanese. World War 1 and 2 were two very major wars during the 20wars during the 20thth century. September 11, 2001 was the tragic century. September 11, 2001 was the tragic attack of the twin towers located in New York City, There were many attack of the twin towers located in New York City, There were many other events, like the invention of the airplane, the Persian Gulf War, other events, like the invention of the airplane, the Persian Gulf War, The Cold War, The Great Depression and many more.The Cold War, The Great Depression and many more.

Important ThemesImportant Themes Many plays you see today reflect the events that have happened in Many plays you see today reflect the events that have happened in

the past 100 or so years. Like The Holocaust, WWII, and The Attack the past 100 or so years. Like The Holocaust, WWII, and The Attack of Pearl Harbor. A lot of the plays you see also have themes that of Pearl Harbor. A lot of the plays you see also have themes that represent how life is today and has been during the last 100 years, represent how life is today and has been during the last 100 years, like segregation, racism, and poverty.like segregation, racism, and poverty.

Important FactsImportant Facts CostumingCostuming- Costuming during this time period usually matched - Costuming during this time period usually matched

the plays theme. Per say if the play were over the Holocaust you the plays theme. Per say if the play were over the Holocaust you would probably see German soldiers uniforms, dresses, and would probably see German soldiers uniforms, dresses, and suits. It all depends on the time period of the play.suits. It all depends on the time period of the play.

StagesStages- The most common stage type you see today is the - The most common stage type you see today is the proscenium stage. A couple other types are the arena, ex. proscenium stage. A couple other types are the arena, ex. Houston Arena Theatre, and the thrust.Houston Arena Theatre, and the thrust.

Famous PlaywrightsFamous Playwrights- The Lion King, The Diary of Anne Frank, - The Lion King, The Diary of Anne Frank, Peter Pan, High School Musical, The Nutcracker, and Hamlet Peter Pan, High School Musical, The Nutcracker, and Hamlet are a few of the famous playwrights being performed today.are a few of the famous playwrights being performed today.

Actors/Actress's- Actors/Actress's- Burny Mattison, Ice Cube, Tom Sito, Noni Burny Mattison, Ice Cube, Tom Sito, Noni White, Megan Fox, Vanessa Hudgens, Denzel Washington, Will White, Megan Fox, Vanessa Hudgens, Denzel Washington, Will Smith,Johnny Depp, Phylicia Rahshad, Tom Hanks, Matt Smith,Johnny Depp, Phylicia Rahshad, Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Cruise, Angelina Jolie.Damon, Tom Cruise, Angelina Jolie.

LanguageLanguage- English and others depending on where the plays - English and others depending on where the plays are preformed.are preformed.

Important FactsImportant Facts

Audience- Everyone of all classes attended the Audience- Everyone of all classes attended the theatre.theatre.

Economy- Since the economy is bad it caused Economy- Since the economy is bad it caused some people not to want to attend theatre. But some people not to want to attend theatre. But lately there has been a pick up in the number of lately there has been a pick up in the number of people attending the theatre. people attending the theatre.

Movies- A trend that started to occur during this Movies- A trend that started to occur during this time period has been turning musicals and plays time period has been turning musicals and plays into blockbuster movies and vise versa. (ex. into blockbuster movies and vise versa. (ex. Shrek, Lion King, Hairspray, Rent, Raisin in the Shrek, Lion King, Hairspray, Rent, Raisin in the sun, and the color purple)sun, and the color purple)

Black TheatreBlack Theatre

Black Broadway picked up Black Broadway picked up around the 1960’s. And around the 1960’s. And has continued to progress has continued to progress even in today’s world.even in today’s world.

It started off politically and It started off politically and as time progressed it as time progressed it became more for became more for entertainment.entertainment.

The raisin in the sun The raisin in the sun

A raisin in the sun was the first black play A raisin in the sun was the first black play written by an African American woman written by an African American woman Lorraine Hansberry to be produced on Lorraine Hansberry to be produced on Broadway, It premiered in 1959. In Broadway, It premiered in 1959. In February 2008 it was on television on February 2008 it was on television on ABC, with Sean Diddy combs,Audra ABC, with Sean Diddy combs,Audra McDonald,phylicia Rashad,and Sanaa McDonald,phylicia Rashad,and Sanaa Lathan.Lathan.

““The raisin in the sun” the story of a family living and The raisin in the sun” the story of a family living and struggling on Chicago's South Side in the 1950s. It is a struggling on Chicago's South Side in the 1950s. It is a fiercely moving portrait of people whose hopes and fiercely moving portrait of people whose hopes and dreams are constantly deferred. The Washington Post dreams are constantly deferred. The Washington Post hails it as “one of a handful of great American plays – it hails it as “one of a handful of great American plays – it belongs in the inner circle, along with belongs in the inner circle, along with Death of a Death of a SalesmanSalesman, , Long Day's Journey Into NightLong Day's Journey Into Night and and The Glass The Glass MenagerieMenagerie.” .”

The world train center The world train center When they debuted in 1973, the two glistening 110-story towers of New York When they debuted in 1973, the two glistening 110-story towers of New York

City's World Trade Center (WTC), 1,362 and 1,368 ft high, were more than City's World Trade Center (WTC), 1,362 and 1,368 ft high, were more than 100 ft taller than the city's other world height record holder—the Empire 100 ft taller than the city's other world height record holder—the Empire State Building. Their size was the subject of a joke during the press State Building. Their size was the subject of a joke during the press conference to unveil the landmarks. WTC architect Minoru Yamasaki was conference to unveil the landmarks. WTC architect Minoru Yamasaki was asked: "Why two 110-story buildings? Why not one 220-story building?" His asked: "Why two 110-story buildings? Why not one 220-story building?" His tongue-in-cheek answer: "I didn't want to lose the human scale. tongue-in-cheek answer: "I didn't want to lose the human scale.

The World Trade Center Twin Towers collapsed after 2 planes crashed The World Trade Center Twin Towers collapsed after 2 planes crashed against them on September 11th, 2001, during a terrorist attack that caused against them on September 11th, 2001, during a terrorist attack that caused the deaths of more than 5000 people. the deaths of more than 5000 people.

In 2006 the world trade center became a movie with Nicholas cageIn 2006 the world trade center became a movie with Nicholas cage