the development of 3d animation

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF3D NIM TION STORY TITLE MIMPI NGERIUSING F CI L EXPRESSION TECHNIQUES

MOHD NAZUAN HAKIM BIN MASRUL

This r port is submitted in partial fulfilment o f the requirements for theBachelor of Computer Science Interactive Media)

FACULTY O F INFORMATION AND COMM UNICATION TECHNOLOGYUNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

2 8



BSTR CT

The Development of 3D Animation Story Title Mimpi Ngeri using FacialExpression technique is a story that have moral value that show us a stubborn andnaughty boy Johan. This short animation is developed using Autodesk 3Ds StudioMax 9 0 This document describe about process of developing the 3D animationfrom analysis until testing. The main purpose of this project is to do a research on

facial expression technique. Animation that possesses moral value could attractinterest of children to watch it base on natural nature of child who like cartoon. Thisproject is been developed using Multimedia Production Process methodology. Thisstory is about Johan and he live with his mother Mak Timah. Johan is stubborn andnaughty boy. This is a story about a very stubborn and naughty boy called Johan.One day after watching television Johan went to play football in front of his house.His mother Mak Timah told him to play further away from their house because shewas worried that the ball might hit the windows. Johan ignored his mum andcontinue playing. After several minutes Johan started playing there was a loud crash

sound that causesak

Timah to rush outside. When she sees a broken window shescolded Johan for not listening to what she said earlier. Unable to stand the naggingof his mother Johan ran away to the small wood behind his backyard. He arrived to asmall pond where he saw a little frog jumping around it. He was so angry at hismother and decided to do something to let his anger out. Johan kick the h g . Johanenjoyed watching the frog died. That night he was dreaming about frog. The targetusers of this animation are kid and teenager age between 7 to 18years old.



Pembangunan Cerita Animasi 3 D Bertajuk Mirnpi Ngeri menggunakan

Teknik Ekspresi Muka ialah satu cerita yang mempunyai nilai moral yangberkisahkan tentang seorang budak yang degil dan nakal Johan. Cerita anirnasipendek ini dibangunkan dengan menggunakan perisian Autodesk 3Ds Max 9 0

Dokumen ini menerangkan tentang proses pembangunan animasi 3D daripadaanalisis sehinggalah kepada pengujian. Tujuan utama pembangunan projek ini adalah

untuk melakukan kajian terhadap teknik facial expression Animasi yangmengandungi nilai moral boleh menarik minat kanak-kanak untuk menontonnyakerana naluri kanak-kanak yang sukakan kartun. Projek ini dibangunkan denganmenggunakan metodologi Multimedia Production Process Cerita ini berkisahkanJohan yang tinggal bersama-sama ibunya Mak Timah. Johan ialah seorang budakyang degil dan nakal. Suatu hari selepas menonton televisyen Johan bermain bola di

tepi rumahnya. Mak Timah berpes n kepada Johan supaya jangan bermainberharnpiran tingkap kerana risau bola akan terkena tingkap cl n pecah. Johan tidakmempedulikan nasihat ibunya dan terus bermain. Selepas beberapa minit terdapat

bunyi kuat diluar rumah yang menyebabkan Mak Timah meluru keluar rumah.Selepas rnelihat tingkap rumahna pecah dia memarahi Johan kerana tidakmendengar nasihatnya. Johan melarikan diri ke belakang rumahnya. Tiba-tiba Johanerjumpa seekor k t yang sedang bermain-main disitu. Oleh kerana terlalu marahkanibunya Johan telah menyepak katak itu. Johan gembira apabila katak itu mati. Padamalam itu Johan telah bermimpikan katak itu. Sasaran penonton animasi ini adalahkanak-kanak dan remaja yang berumur diantara 7 hingga 18 tahun.



INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project ackground

The title of this D story is Mimpi Ngeri . It not just a short story because it

has moral value and show us about children life. This story is appropriate with the

broadcasting industry because Malaysia is still new in D animation and lack of

experience. This story is focus on fundamental of facial expression. This technique is

important because it will make the story more interesting.

This project is about short D animation story. This story will focus at facial

expression by using inverse kinematics. The facial expression will focus atexpression when character in happy, sad, fr id and regret. This process is about one

or more motion of the muscle of the face. These movements convey the emotional

state of the individual to observers. These stories focus t inverse kinematics because

to make sure the character connects physically to the world, such as feet landing

firmly on top of terrain. It is easier to express the desired spatial appearance joint

angles directly. For example, inverse kinematics allow me to move the hand, leg and

the entire body of the character model to a desired position and have an algorithm to

select the proper angles of the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.



1 2 Problem statement

m s tory is appropriate with the broadcasting industry because Malaysia still

new in 3D animation and lack of experience. Now government is serious to support3D animation industry to improve and to challenge 3D animation from other country.

For example, Les Copaque produce the short 3D story Upin Ipin and show at

TV last Ramadhan. Year 2000 is the year Saladin is first announced to be

produced. The producer of this animation is MDeC which stand for Multimedia

Development Corporation which is part of the Malaysian Government unit. As a

result, it receives good feedback from community and Saladin also get award fiom

Tokyo Big Sight Award that has been held in Tokyo International Animation

Festival 2007 So with this award and potential, now Mimpi Ngeri is n good time

to be developed.

Additionally, Malaysia 2D animation like Budak Lapok and Bola

Kampung is less effective to attract the audience rather than 3D animation like

Upin Upin and Saladin . Several facial expression and lip sync in Malaysia

animation is not really good. Too many 3D animation movie from oversea can effect

local animation in aspect of audience perception that local animation is not good as

oversea. Malaysia animation is not good enough to attract the audience compare to

the oversea animation.

Nowadays, Malaysia is still lacking with good and skill 3D animator and this

is one more reason why 3D in Malaysia still less developed. Now we can see a lot of

3D company that grows in Malaysia but still not enough staff. For example the

company that stills lack of employment is LesCopaque and MotionEdge.



1 3 Objective

The objectives for this project are

The main objective of this project is to develop a short 3D animation film

length between 6 to 8 minutes. It will focus on story that shows moral value

s well as to show student children life and environment of village.

To produce short 3D animation with aspect ration 4:3 on VCD and DVD

platform.

To focus on human facial expression technique. Facial expression is

expression at face when we feel sad, happy or any others. For this project, the

developer will focus on happy, sad, anger, fear, surprise and normal facial

expression.

1 4 Project Scope

The project scope is about developing a short 3D animation named Mimpi

Ngeri which has a moral value story with the target user mainly children and adult

between 7 to 18years old. This project is focus on basic facial expression for humanwhich is like sad, happy, anger, fear, surprise and normal. The duration of this story

is about 6 to 8 minutes. This story can be delivered in a DVD and CD It can be

watched through television and personal computer. Malay language will be used to

this story with English subtitle. The output will be displayed in PAL video format

with s reen ratio 4:3

1 5 Project significance

This story shows the village environment by the Malay community. It will

give picture to audience of actual situation in the village. This story also has moral

value that gives to the audience especially the children. In addition, this story will be



enban quality fiom the aspect facial expression and lip sync by using latest D

technology. This made this story lovelier and attractive audience attention.

The product will benefit user especially for children. The story will help them

to inform about moral value and the exciting way to gain knowledge rather than to

re plain text without visualization n it.

1 6 onclusion

This project makes an initial step to more than explore an animation in D

world considering it not yet popular in Malaysia. Animation that possesses moral

value can attract interest of children to watch him base on natural nature of child who

like cartoon. This project is being developed with high quality with the duration

between 6 to 8 minutes and focused on facial expression so that animation can look

real and natural.

Beside that, this project will promote Malaysia with showing the village

environment and Malaysia culture. Study in the development animation D n part

facial expression will continue with literature review and comparison with existing

system to determine the suitable method that can be used to develop this project.

Next chapter is also to determine the hardware and software that will be used.



LITER TURE REVIEW AND PROJECT METHODOLOGY

2 1 Introduction

This chapter is focusing on Literature Review and Project Methodology to

develop this project. It is important to do research to gathers the information of this

project. Literature reviews can give an overview for the project. For professionals,

they re useful reports that keep them up to date with what is current in the project.)

All related source like journals, articles, books, thesis, newspaper or other

information will be used together according to research element that has been

proposed.

The production methodology is a way we approach all the technique and tool

to develop the project. This project will develop using Multimedia Production

Process. The production of this animation can be divided into pre production,

production and post production.

The domain of this project is 3D animation. According to Cohen, J 1997),

computer animation is the rapid sequence of computer generated images that consist

of objects, lights and cameras. 3D computer graphics are works of graphic art created

with the aid of digital computers and D software. The term may also refer to the

Process of creating such graphics, or the field of study of computer graphic



techniques and related techwlogy. 3D computer pph ics are different h m 2D

mmputer graphics in that a three-dimensional representation of geometric data is

stored in the computer for the Purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D

images. Such images may be for later display or for real-time viewing.

3D animation is a future technology used to replace 2D animation. 3D

animation is more complex but most important thing is it is more realistic and

interesting. 3D animation is more realistic because it has view iom several angles

and can view like real world. According to Fairfax journalist 2006), the digital

media advocate would voice the opinion that 3D animation was the f ture

technology of choice and that the Disney toons studios were obsolete.

The 3D animation is more popular to get the attention from audience

especially for children. Now, 3D animation is usedwidely. From this study, the 3D

animation should include with moral value because most of audience is children. One

of the most important ways of reducing crime is trying to teach ethics and morality to

our kids. The combination of entertainment and education, we can teach the audience

especially to teenager and children with moral value story. Mr. Michael Vatus, FBI

National Director, 2002)

The 3D animation is better than 2D animation in facial expression aspect.

Facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles of the face.

These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to audience. The

developer control on muscles of the face firstly and then control the eyes nose and

mouth to show the facial expression and its different from 2D animation when the

developer is only control eyes, nose and mouth to show expression.



3 Existing System

The existing system that review reviewed n this chapter is 3D series of Upin

and Ipin, Saladin, Tandania. These existing systems will be used as a reference for

this project to study about facial expression technique.

i Upin Ipin

Les Copaque Production is the company that responsible to produce short 3D

animation Upin Ipin . This animation series has six episodes shown at TV last

Rarnadhan in 2007. Duration of each episode is five minutes used Autodesk Maya as

main software. This story is interesting because it show audience the children life

and village environment. Every episode interjected with moral value which is easy to

understand by audience. The voice over is originally in Malay Language. It means

this animation never see unsynchronized mouth movement. This will make

animations more alive in term of emotions. From the cow movement to the

movement of playing marbles, the character movements are pretty natural. Upin

Ipin is one of the best local animations and already receive good feedback fiom

community.

Figure 2 1 Upin Ipin



Saladin The Animated series is a co production project between Multimedia

Development Corporation (MDeC) and A1 Jazeera Children s channel. Duration of

eveq episode is about 20 minutes. It is an action adventure series that has comedy,

serious, fighting and romantic. This story is about Saladin who is ultimate hero that

leaves his homeland with Tarik to go to Damascus in search of adventure and his

destiny. The lip-sync present very smooth but the problem is facial expression is not

really good and not natural. The movements are pretty stiff.

Saladin on the other hand, has already existed long enough in Malaysia. Since

2004 but now at 2007, only two episodes aired. Overall, It is suitable to be watch by

whole family.

lii Tandania

Figure 2 2 Tarik and Saladin

Tandania is one of 3D series produced by Flare Studio and broadcasting on

nl This animation story is about the world where every sign is a living character.

dain character in this story is Kua Handi and Petto. ua is Witty, calm, typical

~ Y wo shoes amaritan who at times fumbles in trying to e hero. Handi is

vbnoxious and impatient but straight forward fr nk and enjoys life to the fullest.

Petto is naive but inquisitive and a good companion who at times stumbles into

ingenuity. Tandania was developed using Autodesk Maya 8.0 and using blendshapetechnique for facial expression animation.



Figure 2 3 andania

Comparison of Existing System

Table 2 1: Comparison of Existing System

Based on Table 2.1 Upin Ipin, Saladin and Tandania use blendshape

technique for facial expression. Blendshape technique is a technique where the

original object is duplicated to other object with same topology. Then the duplicated

bbject will be adjusted to specific facial expression like sad happy, anger, fear,

urprise, disgust, concern and neutral. According to Izard7s Facial Coding System

Izard Doughaty, 1982 , a three minutes baseline tape for each subject was

viewed initially to familiarize coders with any idiosyncratic facial characteristic.

Tandania

Blendshape

technique

Mapping

Material

Mental ay

Saladin

Blendshape

technique

UV Mapping

Material

Mental Ray, final

gather Global

illumination

Upin Ipin

Blendshape

technique

Mapping

Material

Mental Ray, final

gather Global

illumination

o

3

Comparison

Facial

Expression

Texture

Shading

Light

Rendering



Coder judge the child's predominant facial expression during each vignette. Details

of coding are given in table 2 2

Table 2 2Description of Facial Emotion Codes

Emotion

Happy

Sad

Anger

Fear

Surprise

Disgust

Concern

Neutral

Description

Forehead smooth; cheeks raised; comers of mouth back and up

Inner brows drawn together; vertical funows or bulge between

brows; raised inner comer of upper eyelid; eyes squinted; downward

mouth comers; lower lip pushed upward by chin muscle (chin

puckers).

Brows sharply down and together; vertical hrrows or bulge between

brows; nasal root broadened or bulged; eyes narrowed by lowering of

brow; rectangular mouth; lips may be pressed together tightly

Straight brows slightly raised and drawn together; horizontal lines or

bulge on forehead; nasal root narrowed; eyes narrowed or squinted;

eyelids raised (white shows more than usual); mouth comers tight or

retracted.

Brows raised; skin below brow stretched; horizontal furrows across

forehead; enlarged, roundish eyes, mouth opened (comers drawn

back and up when positive; otherwise just rounded mouth)

Brows together and downward; vertical furrow or bulge betweenbrows; nasal root bulged (nostrils enlarged); nasal bridge h o w s or

bulged; eyes narrowed; cheeks raised; mouth tense (tongue may be

forward); lower lip forward.

Brows drawn together and possibly slightly downward; vertical

furrows or bulge between brows; eyes narrowed or squinted; cheeks

may be raised (but no smile); mouthe relaxed; posture may be lean

forward.

Expression as at baseline. Include both no expression and no

clearly identified emotion .



I mamar technique for texture and shading and mental ray for lighting and rendering

wing Autodesk 3D Max for this project. This is the best and easy technique to

for developing this project. Image will be rendered frame by frame and will be

posing together with Adobe Premier Pro 2 0

2 4 Project Methodology

roject methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods. The project

is going to be used Multimedia Production Process. The production of interactive

multimedia applications is a complex one involving multiple steps. This process can

be divided into the following phases conceptualisation development preproduction

production postproduction and documentation

Pre Production

Production

Post Production

Figure 2 4 Multimedia Production Process

2 4 1 Pre Production

Preproduction is the phase of M e r developing ideas and planning prior to

the process of production. In a live action movie sense it is the period before filming

Sta r t s x n animation sense it is the period before any real animating takes place.



n e process of making multimedia start with an idea or better describe as

.ision which is the conceptual sw ing point. The starting point is like the

visualdtion of the product. Conceptualisation is identifying a relevant theme for the

title. Development process is defining the goal and objective of this

~ r o j ~ t .AA selected a theme for the project specific goal objective must be laid

down. n multimedia production goal are general statement of anticipated project

outcomes while objective is a specific statement of anticipated project outcomes.

nce define the goal and objective this is the time for story boarder to begin.

Storyboard is a sequence of drawings that is used to help visualise the animation

and to communicate ideas clearly. It detail key event and scene changes in the

animation often accompanies by text notes describing what is occurring in the scene

such as camera movements. The Storyboard helps to finalise the development and

the storyline and is an essential stage of the animation process. It is a visual reminder

of the plan and can e referred back to throughout the production stage.

2 4 2 Production

Once all the preproduction activities have been completed the multimedia

application enters the production phase. The production phase is often the longest

and busiest phase of the animation project. Activities in this phase include content

research interface design graphics development selection of musical background

and sound recording development of computer animation producing of digital video

and authoring.

During the production of an animated feature each animator will often be

responsible for drawing just one or two characters. This allows the animator to get

into the character in much the same way as a live action actor does. The more the

animator can absorb themselves into the part the more convincing the character will

e to the audience. Many animators enroll themselves for acting classes in order to

improve their own acting skills.



mansare particularly good at reading facial expressions. Animated

expressions are often exaggerated slightly to add comedy value and to

great expressions animators find the best reference is their own face o a

mirror.

2 43 Post Production

Post-production is the final stage in the process of creating an animation and

involves exporting or rendering out the animation fiatnes and then editing the pieces

of animation together using video editing software. The sound track ncluding sound

effects, is also added during the final edit.

The rendering stage is usually associated with computer-generated animation,

although rendering can also refer to the process of creating final animation frames in

traditional hand-drawn animation. Rendering is used in both 2D and 3D computer

animation. It is the process of getting the final assembled animation scenes or pieces

out of the computer in the format of a sequence of individual frames.

2 5 Project Requirement

The project requirements will be explained in the form of software and

hardware. The requirements are the list of software and hardware that are going to

e used n the project development.

2 5 1 Software Requirement

I he s d ha r e requirementas listed below:

Microsoft Project

Autodesk 3Ds ax 9



Adobe Photoshop CS2

Adobe Premiere Pro 2.0

Sonic Foundry Sound Forge 8

Microsoft Project

Pixologic Z Brush

2 5 2 Hardware Requirement

The hardware requirement as listed below:

High Spec Computer

Video Camera

Digital Camera

Microphone

2 6 Conclusion

About the literature review and project methodology that discussed in this

part literature review is very important to support the any project that will

developed. From this chapter research reference and case study can help developer

to know the technique and tool that will used to develop the project. Project

methodology will be used as a reference by developer to monitor based on project

schedule and milestone.

Next in the chapter I will discuss about analysis phase that include problem

analysis and requirement analysis.



CHAPTER ILI

ANALYSIS

3 1 Current Scenario Analysis

This current scenario analysis illustrate about the storyline of the existing

system. There are current scenario analysis in Upin Ipin Saladin and Tandania.

i) Upin Ipin

This animation series has six episodes shown at TV last Ramadhan in 2007.

Duration of each episode is five minutes. This story is interesting because it show

audience the children life and village environment. Every episode interjected with

moral value which is easy to understand by audience. This story start with

introduction for about 10second. Next the title of this episode will be appeared. Upin

and Ipin is sitting in fiont of their house and tell the viewer about what will happen in

this episode. After that, it show the house environment. Upin and Ipin just wake up

h r n heir sleep after smell something. The smell is come fiom food at kitchen. Ipin

t y t take the food but his sister warn them not to touch the food because they all

still fast and must wait azan Maghrib to eat. Upin and Ipin are really disappointed.

Then, Upin and Ipin is watching television to wait the m .When m , they all

t eat. After eat, Upin and Ipin is really tired and sleep. At the end of the story,

U ^ and Ipin sit in fiont of house and tell viewer about last story. Lastly, the credit

for this story.



There are many situation in this story can attract the audience like children

,ice and also their expression. The children dialogue is full with jokes and can

the adult about their children life. The voice over is originally in Malay

Language. It means this animation never see unsynchronized mouth movement. This

will make animations more alive in term of emotions. From the cow movement to the

movement of playing marbles, the character movements are pretty natural. upin

pin is one of the best local animations and already receive good feedback from

ii) Saladin

Year 2000 is the year Saladin is first announced to be produced. The producer

of this d t i o n s MDeC which stands for Multimedia Development Corporation

which is part of the Malaysian Government unit. Government gives their trust to

MDeC to fulfill this national project and make it a slam-dunk in the animation world.

The budget for the whole TV series is expected to be around RMlO million. The

production has already started since May 2004. For every episode, this story starts

with montage and played for about one minute. This story start with the desert

environment and the title of this episode is at bottom. A narrator voice used to

introduce this story. The Frank s army is on their way to attack Damsyik. Next it

shows the Damsyik environment. This time, Saladin is playing with his fiiend, Tarik.At different place, a man catch Anisa, who is a thief kid but Anisa can runaway.

Suddenly, he collided with Saladin. That man think, Saladin is one of the team

members. Saladin and nisa run to safe herself. Suddenly, the palace guardian come

and shout that Frank s army is near the town. Saladin s brother and father is ready to

fight to protect his country. But his brother died in this war.

Duration of every episode is about 20 minutes. It is an action adventure series

that has comedy, serious, fighting and romantic. The story is based on the real-life

stories of a Muslim hero warrior named Salahuddin l yubi (or might be written as

Salab Al-Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub). n the West, it is also popularly known as Saladin.

The events happened during the Holy War in the 12th Century. His mission is to

conquer Jerusalem and also to unite the Muslims world. The lip-sync present very

smooth but the problem is facial expression is not really good and not natural. The



movements are pretty stiff.

iii) Tandania

Tandania is one of 3D series produced by Flare Studio. The word Tandania is

a combination from Tanda and Dunia . This character from this story is from sign

living world. Main character in this story is Kua, Handi and Petto. Kua is Witty,

calm, typical goody two shoes Samaritan who at times fumbles in trying to be hero.

Han is obnoxious and impatient but straight forward fk nk and enjoys life to the

fullest. Petto is naWe but inquisitive and a good companion who at times stumbles

into ingenuity. There are many episodes in this story which is about the world where

every sign is living characters and concern to people living in real world. This story

start with montage for this story and it appears for about one minute. Then, the title

for this episode is show. The scene start with house environment. Kua tell his friend

about a trip and he plan to go to Hawaii. The next scene is show the airport

environment. Kua, Handi and Petto is waiting for their flight. Suddenly, the pilot

come and tells them that flight is cancelled due to technical problem. But they can

still go with private flight with this pilot. Kua and his friend accept to go. But that

airplane can't fly. Tandania was developed using Autodesk Maya 8.0.

3.2 Requirement Analysis

This part is a study about requirement analysis. Requirement analysis

encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or condition to meet for a

new or altered product. It also analyzes the hardware and software requirement that

will be used to develop the project.



33 1 Project Requirement

project requirements provide an obvious tool for evaluating the quality of a

b a u s e a final review should examine whether each requirement has been

met.

3 2 1 1 Project Specification

This 3D animation will be entitled 3D animation Mimpi Ngeri as the

story. This project will be rendered using 3D Studio Max software with the fiame

rate of 30 fiame per second (fps). The project will be rendered with 30 fiame per

second(fps) because it is for standard view and the animation will look smoother and

it will be more interesting. The animation will be rendered to .tiff format. In other

words, this animation will be rendered into picture and then the picture will be

combined together with Adobe Premier 2.0. The reason to render into TIFF format

because this format can make sure the pixel in picture is not lacerated then the

animation will look smoother.

The complete animation will be delivered in DVD format and the duration is

about 6 to 8 minutes. The output will be displayed in PAL video format and thescreen aspect ratio is 4:3 for broadcasting. It will be burned in a DVD-ROM using

burning software called Nero. This project will use Adobe Photoshop CS3 to design

the cover and will be printed using Nero Cover Designer.

3 2 1 2 Storyline

This is a story about a very stubborn and naughty boy called Johan. One day,

after watching television, Johan went to play football n fiont of his house. His

mother, ak Timah told him to play further away fiom their house because she was

worried that the ball might hit the windows. Johan ignored his mum and continue

playing. After several minutes Johan started playing, there was a loud crash sound

that causes ak Timah to msh outside. When she sees a broken window, she scolded



~~mor not listening to what she said earlier. Unable to stand the nagging of his

mother, Johan ran away to the small wood khind his backyard. He arrived to a small

pond where he saw a little fiog jumping around it. He was so angry at his mother and

decided to do something to let his anger Out. He kicks that frog Joha enjoyed

watching the fiog died.

hat night while he was sleeping, he dreams about the dead frog. The frog

was angry at Johan. It jumped towards Johan and started attacking him Johan was so

d e screamed and ran While he was running, he found the dead end way. The

frog got near him and was ready to attack again. He awoke with a start, yelling his

lungs out. He was glad that it was just a nightmare Suddenly his mother knocks the

door. He tells everything to his mother. His mother told him to not do it again

because it is not nice to hurt other creature like that. Johan regretted his action and

promised his mother he will not do it again.

3 2 13 haracterDetails

There are three main character will be involved in this 3D animation; Mak

Timah, Johan and frog. The main character is Johan as a naughty boy, Mak Timah as

a Johan s mother.

i Johan

Johan is the main character of the story who is naughty and stubborn boy.

The detail descriptions of this character are as follows:

Age 10year old

Gender Male

Face Clean

Hair Short hair

Body Plump



Figure3 1: Johan

ii MakTimah

This is the second character of the story who is Johan s mother. ak Timah

is a single mother after Johan s dad passed away. She really loves and always gives

admonition to Johan to be a good boy. She doesn t like to waste anything especially

electricity. The detail descriptions of this character are as follows:

Age 8 years old

Gender Female

Hair Ponytail

Body Plump and tall

Face Clean



iii Frog

Figure3 2: ak Timah

This is the third character of the story which is a frog This frog like to

playing t jungle The detail descriptions of this character are as follows:

Age

Gender

Face

years old

Male

Clean

Figure 3 3 Frog



3 2 1 4 Environment Details

For this project the scenes will be at the village. Range ofthe environment is

small because the story is happened in small area. The texture of the house will be

im stone where look like modem house in traditional village. The tree will also

look like a n o d ree by using the library from 3D Max Some tree will be using

the texture from real tree.

Figure 3 4: House

Figure 3 5: Tree



There are several techniques that will be used in the project development

which are model animation, camera animation, lighting animation, audio, and facial

i Model Animation

Model animation is a form of stop motion animation designed to merge with

live action footage to create the illusion of a real-world fantasy sequence. Forward

kinematics is one of the model animations; on this technique the animator will

specify through key poses, especially with jointed figures then determine the motion

and final position of a model by first specifying the angles of its joints. Forward

kinematics usually used for character s hand movement for this short D story.

The production of this animation process is starts fiom inserting bones and

biped to the models. The biped will be adjusted to fit the model. Then the physic

technique is used to attach the biped to model. When the biped is attached to model,

the envelope technique is used to adjust the vertices to make the vertices assigned to

the correct link. This is the hardest part in animation phase because developer needs

to patient and focus on every vertex to make sure it really assigns to correct location.

When the object to be animated is an rm with the shoulder remaining at a fixed

location, the location of the tip of the thumb would be calculated fiom the angles of

the shoulder, elbow, wrist, thumb and knuckle joints. Three of these joints (the

shoulder, wrist and the base of the thumb). If the model were an entire human figure,

then the location of the shoulder would also have to be calculated from other

Properties of the model.

ii ameraAnimation

Camera animation is one of the techniques that will be used in this project

such s position camem moves which are according to the change of position include

a dolly, truck and a boom. Orientation camera moves which are based on the change

~forientationnclude a tilt, a roll and a pan. Camera also used to make blur effect for



to differentiate who is the story focusing to. Most of the story use walkthrough

animation because to f ~ c u son object and flythrough to focus on

environment.

iii Lighting

Lighting serves various functions to the animation. A scene lit in different

ysgive a feeling of happiness, of fear, of sad and other else. With personality

and character, lighting can fill a scene with emotion that is directly sent to the

viewer. Position of light source can be animated using key fiame interpolation

technique. Basically, light source should not be moved or animated unless we are

trying to change the mood of a scene. Animating the position and attributes of light

can stimulate natural lighting effect, theatrical lighting effect based on artificial light

source or both natural lighting and artificial lighting often interact. Light also can

show the emotion of the character such as when the character is shock, the light

suddenly changed when focusing on the character s face. The background will be

bright in color. For this animation, the developer will use sun as a basic lighting and

omni as a supporter lighting at a certain place like in house.

iv Audio

Audio is one of the elements that can be attracting the audience. It can attract

audience to focus on the animation where the music will influence the audience s

emotion. Audio play an important role to present the dialog, voice over and

background music which is one of the main element of an animation presentation.

v Facial Expression

Facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles of the

face- These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers.

Facial expression is including in nonverbal communication. Human can adopt a

facial expression as a voluntary action. However, because expressions are closely

the development of 3d animation

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