the development of russia essential question: how did slavic, viking, and byzantine influences...
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF
RUSSIA
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Essential Question:How did Slavic, Viking, and
Byzantine influences impact the development of Russia?
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Russia is the largest country
in the world
Russia’s land is in two continents; the more populated part of Russia is in Eastern Europe, while the vast
majority of it stretches across Asia
Russia
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Just how big is Russia? Currently, it takes up 6.6 million square miles and mainland Russia has 12
time zones; by comparison, the U.S. has four time zones and occupies 3.8 million square miles
Russia
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The development of Russia was
influenced by several different
groups of people
Russia’s development into a country of its own
was mainly impacted by the Slavs, the Vikings, and the
Byzantine Empire
Russia
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The Slavs were a people who lived in the forests that were north of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe
The Slavs
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The Slavic people had similar
languages, but no political unity
The Slavs
They worked primarily as
farmers, but also hunted and fished
to survive
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The Slavs
The Slavs were polytheistic; their most
important gods existed in nature or were animals (the bear god was the
master of the forest, the wolf god was master of
the hunt)
STATUE OF PERUN, THE SLAVIC GOD OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNING
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The Slavs
As the Germanic “barbarians” began attacking the Western Roman Empire and moving into its territory, the Slavs began
spreading out into the fertile areas of Eastern Europe
The Slavs would be the basis of the
culture that would become Russia
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The Vikings
The Vikings, also called “Northmen” or “Norsemen”, were a Germanic people who lived in Scandinavia (present-day
countries Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)
VIKING HOMELANDS OF SCANDINAVIA
(TODAY’S DENMARK, NORWAY, SWEDEN)
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The Vikings
Vikings worshipped multiple gods and their religion was based on war and conquest
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The Vikings
Their winters were especially
cold, which led to difficulties with farming; they
turned to conquest as a way
of attaining resources
They were fierce warriors who raided Western Europe with terrifying speed
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Using swords, spears, axes, and heavy shields, these helmeted seafaring warriors would beach their ships,
attack quickly, and move out to sea again
The Vikings
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The Vikings
They were gone before the people being attacked could mount a defense
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The Vikings
The Vikings were not only warriors; they were traders, farmers, and explorers as
well, venturing far beyond
Western Europe
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The Vikings
They journeyed down rivers into the heart of what would become Russia and as far south
as the Byzantine and Islamic Empires
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The Vikings
The Vikings traveled across the icy waters of the North
Atlantic Ocean; Viking explorer
Leif Ericson reached North America in the
year 1000, about 500
years before Christopher
Columbus did
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The Vikings
When the Vikings attacked Europe, the non-Christian warriors had no qualms about
attacking churches and monasteries
inside villages and towns; they would brutally slaughter priests and monks
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The Vikings
In fact, churches were a favorite target because of their gold crosses, chalices, and expensive artwork
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The Vikings
Gradually, the Vikings stopped raiding Europe
and instead peacefully
settled in it, eventually accepting
Christianity, too
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The Vikings
As the Vikings traded with the Slavs and Byzantines, they
settled in parts of Eastern Europe
A group of Slavs invited the Viking
chief Rurik to be their king; Vikings and Slavs
intermarried, and a new culture emerged
from their union
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Vikings were the founders of a city called Kiev; they
called themselves the Kievan Rus
(“People of Kiev”); this was Russia’s first
unified territory
Kiev would become the kingdom of
Muscovy, which later would become
Russia
The Vikings
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The Byzantines were the Eastern half of the Roman Empire, the part that did not fall to the Germanic barbarian invasions
The Byzantines
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The Byzantines
The Byzantine Empire survived for a thousand years, preserving Greco-Roman culture for use
by future societies (such as Emperor Justinian using Roman laws to create the basis for
modern legal systems)
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Under Justinian, the Hagia Sophia (pronounced “ah YEE ah so FEE ah”) was built, which was the
largest Christian church in the world
The Byzantines
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The Byzantines
Under the rule of the Byzantine
emperors, Christianity grew in the
Eastern Orthodox Church
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The Byzantines
The Byzantine Empire was
located close to the Slavs of
Eastern Europe; merchants from Kiev (where the
new Russian culture was emerging), traded with
Constantinople BYZANTINES
SLAVS
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The Byzantines
This trade increased Russia’s wealth and
led to cultural diffusion between the
Byzantines and the Russians
Byzantine missionaries (those who spread religion)
brought Eastern Orthodox Christianity north to the Russians
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The ByzantinesTo help themselves spread their religion in Russia, two
Byzantine missionaries (Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril) developed an alphabet for the Slavic languages so the Russians could read the Bible in their own language
This new alphabet became known as the Cyrillic alphabet, which is what Russians and other
Eastern European people use today
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The ByzantinesThe curved “onion” domes of Russian architecture
were influenced by Byzantine designs
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The Byzantines
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The Byzantines
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King Vladimir of Kiev sent his people to observe the
major religions of the time; they were
unimpressed by Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity (Catholics)
The Byzantines
The Russians were highly impressed by Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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One report stated: “They led us to buildings where they worship their God, and we did not know if we were in Heaven or on Earth. For on Earth, there is no such splendor or beauty, and we are at a loss as how to describe it. We only know that
God dwells there among men.”
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This report convinced King Vladimir to convert the
Russian people to Eastern Orthodox Christianity
The Byzantines
Vladimir liked the Byzantine idea of the emperor being the supreme ruler of the
Church
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The Byzantines
Eventually, Russian kings viewed Russia as the “Third Rome”, after Rome (the “First Rome”)
and Constantinople (the “Second Rome”)
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The Byzantines
Russian kings took the title of “czar”, a Slavic term which
derives from “Caesar”, the Roman
and Byzantine title for “emperor”
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This mixture of Slavic,
Viking, and Byzantine cultures
shaped the culture and
development of Russia
VIKINGS
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
SLAVS
Kiev
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Originally created by
Christopher Jaskowiak