7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 1/26

The DIABETES and STROKE

Stop Stroke. Act FAST . Spread Hope

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 2/26

Diabetes and Stroke

If you have diabetes, it’s importantto understand your increased riskof stroke. Multiple studies haveshown that people with diabetesare at greater risk for strokecompared to people withoutdiabetes -- regardless of thenumber of health risk factors theyhave. verall, the health risk of

cardiovascular disease !includingstroke" is two-and-a-half timeshigher in men and women withdiabetes.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 3/26

Diabetes and Stroke

“Better Screening, medicines and careattributed to decrease the rate of stroke andheart attacks among diabetics by 60%. It alsohelp to decline the number of diabetes-related kidney failure and amputations.

#(S!' In #$$%’s, key studies showed thatdiabetics could keep their blood sugar,blood pressure and cholesterol undercontrol. &he research suggested that

complications, including stroke were notnecessary inevitable.

 &he result of the study revealed that earlydetection and treatment aided to decreasethe rates of diabetes-related complications,including stroke.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 4/26

Diabetes and Stroke

#)*+' Diabetes is now the biggest single cause ofamputation, stroke, blindness, and end-stagekidney failure. More than half of all deaths fromdiabetes results from cardiovascular disease,including heart attack and stroke.'y (%)%, diabetics are e*pected to rise to +)million, an increase over % in (% years. /lmost% of diabetics live in developing countries. neout of every 0ve 1ilipinos could potentially have

diabetes or pre-diabetes.)ublic-priate partnerships can play a keyrole in stopping the diabetes epidemic byadopting a comprehensie, holistic, and

integrated approach to diabetes education,preention through a healthy lifestyle, early

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 5/26

2hat is Stroke3

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 6/26

2hat is Stroke3'rain tissue needs a constantsupply of o*ygen andnutrients to keep nerve cellsand other parts of the tissuealive and functioning. &he

brain relies on a network ofblood vessels to provide itwith blood that is rich ino*ygen. / stroke occurs when

one of these blood vesselsbecomes damaged orblocked, preventing bloodfrom reaching an area of the

brain. 2hen that part of thebrain is cut o4 from its su l

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 7/26

2hat is Stroke3

 &here are to typesof strokes5

•

those that arecaused by arupture in anartery, also knownas hemorrhagic

stroke,• strokes that are

caused by blockageof an artery, also

known as ischemic

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 8/26

M6D78 Stroke 9nit

$0/1ensu

s

'leed Infarct (:

 &otal5 )(

isposition2ransout3 #:

45pired3 +2ransfer3 #ischarged3 #%

2otal )($0/ 1ensus forStroke related to

iabetes

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 9/26

M6D78 Stroke 9nit

$0&1ensu

s'leed

Infarct ##;eurorelated # &otal5 (%

isposition2rans

out3 #<45pired3 )*!!3 #2otal (%

$0& 1ensus forStroke related to

iabetes

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 10/26

M6D78 Stroke 9nit

$071ensu

s

'leed (

Infarct %

 &otal5 (

isposition2rans

out3 #*!!3 #2otal (

$07 1ensus forStroke related to

iabetes

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 11/26

=isk 1actors of Stroke

•

8aving diabetes raises your risk for stroke.• /ge

• 1amily background is /frican /merican

• /lready had a stroke before

• 1amily history of stroke• 8eart

disease• 8igh bloodpressure• verweight and obese

• 8igh >D> !bad" cholesterol and low 8D>!good" cholesterol levels

• ;ot physically active

• Smoke and alcohol

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 12/26

=isk 1actors of Stroke

 @ou canAt change some of these risk factors.'ut you can lower your chances of having a

stroke by taking care of your diabetes andtackling some of the other risk factors, suchas losing weight if youAre overweight. ItAs upto you.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 13/26

Signs and Symptoms5

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 14/26

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 15/26

Signs and Symptoms5

• 2eakness or numbness on one side ofthe body

• Sudden confusion or troubleunderstanding

•  &rouble talking

• DiBBiness, loss of balance, or troublewalking

•  &rouble seeing out of one orboth eyes C double vision

• Severeheadache

2h St k i

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 16/26

2hy Stroke is anmergency3

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 17/26

8ow is a stroke diagnosed3

• Ehysical *amination• 6& and M=I tests use special scans to

provide images of the brain.•

/n 67 !electrocardiogram" providesinformation on heart rate and rhythm

• /n ultrasound e*amination can showproblems in the carotid arteries, which

carry blood from the heart to the brain.• In a cerebral arteriogram, a small tube is

inserted into an artery and positioned inthe neck. &he health care provider inFects

dye into the artery. &hen the provider takesG-ra s to look for narrowed or blocked

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 18/26

 &reatment

• 81lot-busting8 drugs  must be given within hours

after a stroke to minimiBe damage. /ntiplateletagents such as aspirin and anticoagulants, such aswarfarin, interfere with the bloodAs ability to clot andcan play an important role in preventing stroke.

•

!ntihypertensies are medications that treat highblood pressure. Depending on the type ofmedication, they can lower blood pressure byopening the blood vessels, decreasing blood volumeor decreasing the rate andCor force of heart

contraction.

2reatment youneed rightaay999

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 19/26

Ischemic Stroke 2reatment

•  &he only 1D/ approved treatment forischemic strokes is tissue plasminogen

activator.• 2orks by dissolving the clot and improving

blood How to the part of the brain beingdeprived of blood How. If administered

within ) hours!and up to +. hours incertain eligible patients", tE/ may improvethe chances of recovering from a stroke.

• / signi0cant number of stroke victims don’t

get to the hospital in time for tE/ treatment’

tPA, the GoldStandard 

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 20/26

Ischemic Stroke 2reatment

/nother treatment option is an endovascularprocedure in which specially trained doctors tryremoving the blood clot by sending a catheter tothe site of the blocked blood vessel in the brain.Sometimes these procedures involve tE/ being

administered directly into the blood clot !calledintra-arterial treatment" to help dissolve theblockage. In other procedures, the doctor mayattempt to remove the clot.

J;ote5 Eatients must meet certain criteria to be

EndovascularProcedures

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 21/26

*emorrhagic Stroke 2reatment

ndovascular procedures may be used totreat certain hemorrhagic strokes similar tothe way the procedure is used for treating anischemic stroke. &hese procedures are lessinvasive than surgical treatments, and involvethe use of a catheter introduced through amaFor artery in the leg or arm, then guided tothe aneurysm or /KM it then deposits amechanical agent, such as a coil, to prevent

EndovascularProcedures

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 22/26

*emorrhagic Stroke 2reatment

1or strokes caused by a bleed within the

brain !hemorrhagic stroke", or by anabnormal tangle of blood vessels !/KM",surgical treatment may be done to stopthe bleeding. If the bleed is caused by a

ruptured aneurysm !swelling of the vesselthat breaks", a metal clip may be placedsurgically at the base of the aneurysm tosecure it.

SurgicalTreatment

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 23/26

 &reatment

 &he way you are cared forfollowing a stroke includestreatments and e5ercisesto restore function or helppeople relearn skills.

)hysical, occupationaland speech therapy  maybe included, as well aspsychological counseling.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 24/26

 &reatment

Steps to prevent future problems shouldinclude uitting smoking, healthy eating,physical actiity, to manageblood glucose, blood pressure and

cholesterol leels.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 25/26

Erevention

• Don’t Smoke.

• Leep your blood sugar levels controlled.

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• *ercise regularly.

• 8ave your cholesterol checked !especially your >D>,or bad, cholesterol" and if necessary, lower yourlevels by limiting the amount of fat and cholesterol

you eat. &he target should be an >D> level of less

than#%% mgCdl !milligrams per deciliter". Somee*perts recommend even lower levels !less than :%mgCdl" for those considered very high risk.

7/25/2019 The Diabetes and the Brain

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-diabetes-and-the-brain 26/26

Erevention

• >imit the amount of alcohol you drink. 7uidelinesare one drink per day for women and two drinksa day for men.

• 8ave your blood pressure checked and controlyour blood pressure, if necessary.

• 1ollow your health care providerAs instructionsfor changing your diet.

• 1ollow your health care providerAs instructionsfor taking preventive medicines.

•  &ake daily aspirin therapy as prescribed byyour doctor.