the diesel engine the environment - transportation
TRANSCRIPT
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WärtsiläWärtsilä
THE DIESEL ENGINE&
THE ENVIRONMENT
Presented By:Christer BromanWartsila N.A. Inc
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Wärtsilä Corporation• A global company focusing
on power generation, marinepropulsion and industrialapplications
• Designing, manufacturing,licensing, marketing andservicing Wärtsilä and Sulzerengines and Lips propellers
• Engineering and provision ofcomplete power solutionsand propulsion systems
Tuija Kjellberg, 10/20/00
New Orleans, LARegional Service and Logistics
Seattle, WARegional Service and Logistics Halifax, NS
Regional Service and Logistics
Los Angeles, CAService
Montreal, QuebecService
Cornwall, OntarioService
Houston, TXSales & Projects
Annapolis, MDCorporate Office and Power PlantSales, Projects, Operations and Admin.
Mexico City, MXSales & Service
New York, NYService
Ft. Lauderdale, FLService Headqtrs.Regional Service and LogisticsMarine Sales and Projects
SalesService
Guatemala City, GMService
Mt. Vernon, IN
San Juan, PRSales & Service
Tuija Kjellberg, 10/20/00
Wartsila N.A Inc.
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Nitrogen N2 : 76%Oxygen O2: 13%Carbon dioxide CO2: 5% Low due to high efficiencyWater H2O: 5%
Sulphur oxides SOX Fuel choice relatedCarbon monoxide CO Low due to good combustionHydrocarbons CXHy Low due to good combustion
Particulates Influenced by fuel, ash,sulphur Visible smoke Low load related (<25% load)Nitrogen oxides NOX Controlled by technology
Together> 99.5%
Typical Diesel Exhaust Gas Composition
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Different Means of Emission Control for Diesel EnginesDifferent Means of Emission Control for Diesel Engines
01234567891011121314151617
Standard engine
Direct Water Injection (DWI)
Compact SCR (CSCR)
Common Rail (CR)+ Electronic Control (EC)
CR + EC + DWI
CR + EC + DWI + CSCR
CR + EC + Steam Injection (SI)
CR + EC + SI + CSCR
NOx emissions (g/kWh)
Availabletoday
Future development
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NOx control by Wärtsilä
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Low NOx Combustion
-90 -90-60 -60-30 -300 030 3060 6090 90120 120
Cyl
inde
r Pre
ssur
e
Cyl
inde
r Pre
ssur
e
Pressure riseinduced fromcombustion
Pressure riseinduced fromcombustion
Pressure riseinduced fromcompression
Pressure riseinduced fromcompression
Conventional DesignEngine Maximum Firing Pressure
Low NOx DesignEngine Maximum Firing Pressure
TDC TDC
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Low NOx design
9WDT-EMIS.18 - Citec 10.6.97
Water Pressure200 - 400 bar
Water Needleand
Fuel Needlein the Same
InjectorFuel Pressure
1200 - 1800 bar
Water Fuel
Principle of Direct Water Injection
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Water injection
Compact SCR
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Wärtsilä 32 Test results at 750 rpm
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 20 40 60 80 100Load %
Smok
e (F
SN)
Conventional fuel injection
Common rail fuel injection
Visible smoke limit
Smoke Level with Common Rail Fuel Injection
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Dual Fuel EnginesDual Fuel Engines
� Dual fuel engine� Ignition by pilot fuel at gas
operation� LFO used as back-up fuel
� Spark ignited Gas Engine� Ignition by an electric spark plug� No back-up system
The number of sea ferries using bunkeredgas as fuel is expected to grow in the nearfuture due to environmental pressure.
BOTH ENGINE TYPES OPERATE ON LOW GAS PRESSURES
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How Does it Work?How Does it Work?Signal Distribution Block
Pilot fuel pump
Main page
Control / Monitoring Panel
Knock sensorSolenoidValve
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Operating Principal- Dual Fuel EngineOperating Principal- Dual Fuel Engine
% L
OAD
100
0Diesel mode Gas mode
� Gas mode� High efficiency and low emissions� Automatic and instant transfer to
diesel operation in alarm situations� Transfer to diesel operation at any
load� Diesel mode
� As an ordinary diesel engine� Transfer to gas operation
preferably at part load� Pilot fuel injection in operation
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Gas Diesel Engine Concept
• The gas diesel engine is a dual fuel / multi fuelengine that is designed to operate i two fuel modes.– Liquid fuel mode, using MDO/LFO, HFO or Crude
Oil as main fuel.– Gas fuel mode, using natural gas as main fuel
ignited with a small amount of liquid fuel.• In liquid fuel mode the engine is works as an ordinary
diesel engine.• In gas fuel mode the engine is adapting the direct gas
injection technique for gas injection at high pressure.
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Exh.
AirIntake
Compressionof Air
Injection of Gas and Pilot Fuel Ignition
Exh. Exh.
Wärtsilä 32GD & 46GDGas Diesel Working Principle
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Gas Diesel Engine Concept
Operating modes• Diesel mode
– Diesel fuel operation only– As an ordinary diesel
engine• Gas mode (high pressure)
– Diesel fuel operation atstart and low load
– Automatic transferbetween fuels accordingto load
– Automatic and instanttransfer in alarmsituations
0
20
40
60
80
100
Dies el mode Gas mode
Load
%
Die se l Gas transfe r window Gas
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Dual Fuel Product PortfolioDual Fuel Product Portfolio
17100 kW
At standard reference conditions:– Air pressure 100 kPa– Air inlet temp. 30 °C– Charge air temp. 40 °C– Exhaust gas back pres.
and air inlet pres. drop 4 kPa– Methane number 80– Gas pressure 3,5 bar (g)
12V32DF
16V32DF 5600 kW
6300 kW
0 2 4 6 MW
4200 kW
18V32DF
12V50DF
16V50DF 15200 kW
0 5 10 15 MW
11400 kW
18V50DF
5700 kW
8550 kW9L50DF
6L50DF8L50DF 7600 kW
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VARG FPSO
“The gas diesel generators wereselected because they werecheaper than turbines, had asmaller footprint, are more efficientand have lower CO2 emissions”Mr Lauvdal of Saga Petroleum in Motorship Nov. 1998
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ConclusionConclusion
The diesel engine is going through an accelerated rate ofchange.The engines are becoming more compact, easier tomaintain and environmentally friendly. The consumption of fueland lube oil is decreasing and the engines are capable ofburning a variety of different fuels.