the direction of spontaneous reactions (and what it takes to go the other way)
TRANSCRIPT
ATP – LIFE’S ENERGY CURRENCYATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed (broken down by water) to ADP.
ATP is restored from ADP and an input of energy.
ATP’s energy is used to drive endergonic (energy-requiring) reactions.
ENZYMES SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Enzymes are biological catalysts – substances that speed a reaction without being altered in the reaction.
Most enzymes are proteins.
Enzymes are essential for life.
Model of the surface of an enzyme.
ENZYME ACTION
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html
The Fit Between Enzyme and Substrate is Critical and Precise
Hexokinase, an enzyme (blue), binding its substrate, glucose (yellow).
ENZYME DEFICIENCY AND HEALTH
Most genetic disorders are due to a deficiency in enzyme function.
This archival photo shows three children with the enzyme deficiency that causes phenylketonuria.