The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of LifeII. Classifying LifeIII. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and ArchaeaIV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors

The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of LifeII. Classifying LifeIII. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and ArchaeaIV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors

Alternation of generation

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences

Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial

Water available Desiccating

Sunlight absorbed Sunlight available

Nutrients at Depth Nutrients available

Buoyant Less Supportive

Low oxygen High O2

CO2 diffuses slowly CO2 diffuses quickly

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences

Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth

Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences

Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth

Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients

Nutrient inputs from the landscape (fertilizer runoff) cause algal blooms and dead zones in marine environments.

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences

Water in soil

nutrients in soil

Terrestrial environments provide photosynthetic organisms with more light, oxygen, and nutrients, but it is DESICCATING

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups

i. Liverwortsii. Hornwortsiii. Mosses http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/bryo.htm

http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/226/226F08_14print.htmlhttp://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm

IV. The Domain Eukarya

D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics

- lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) - inefficient water transport - short - lack true organs (defined by the presence of vascular tissue) - some have a very thin waxy cuticle - some have stomates

http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/franklin/Bio103Key.htm

http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/learning/resources/plant_form_function/plant_form/vascular_ground_tissues.html

XYLEM

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics

- release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte

http://www.eplantscience.com/index_files/alteration_of_generation.php http://lima.osu.edu/biology/archive/bryophyt.html

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics

- release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte

http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/biology/lab/102/lab22.html

http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm

http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2010/10/oldest-land-plants.html

Liverwort spores from Argentina, 470 myaRubinstein, et. al. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188: 365-369

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics c. History

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics

http://manravbioeducation.blogspot.com/2007/08/transport-of-materials-in-plants.html

Vascular tissue:

Xylem: water up

Phloem: sugars down

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics Dominant Sporophyte

http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/plb304/lecture07pterid/ferns.html

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes b. Groups

i. Lycopodiophytes: (one vein per leaf )ii. Euphyllophytes: (multiple veins per leaf)

http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/bio101/lvps.html

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups

i. Lycopodiophytes

Barangwanathia – 420 mya

http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102mpal2.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b15_s0272b.jpg

Lepidodendron was a canopy species (100 ft tall, 3ft in diameter) in the Carboniferous Period (360-300 mya); ferns and other Lycophytes were in the understory.

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups

i. Lycopodiophytes

http://ashscience7.wikispaces.com/Plant+Classification

http://mygarden.uphero.com/ferns06.htm

Lycopodium, a “Clubmoss”

Selaginella, a “Spikemoss”

Isoetes, a“quillwort”

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups

i. Lycopodiophytes

http://universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htmhttp://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm

IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups

i. Lycopodiophytes