the doctrine of man and his world
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NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY
BTH 532
Missio University
Training Leaders to Transform Nations
DOCTRINE OF MAN
Dr. J. Lee SimmonsDeanPowerPoint #3
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Man and His World: OT
Background
Man possesses body and soul
Man is part of a family
Universal sinfulness of manMost words for sin in OT refer to sin
against God.
God judges man in regard to his sin.
Sacrificial system dealt with sin but did not
remove mans awareness of guilt.
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Man and His World: Judaism
Development of Judaism in the
Intertestamental Period
Sin is an evil tendency.
yeserhara.
If man so wills, he can keep the
commandments.God is the creator of this evil
tendency in man.
The law delivers from this evil
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Man and His World: Hellenism
Greek view of Man
DualismMind/Soul good
Body
evil a prison houseTwo views of the body
Asceticism deprive the body
Hedonism
delight the bodyThe Greek world could not conceive
of a bodily resurrection and had no
word for it.
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The World in the NT
World
kosmos
the world ofmanNot the physical planet
Under evil domination world controlled
by Satan Matthew 4:8; 1 John 5:19;
Colossians 1:13.
Example: Temptation of Christ
Much of Jesus ministry involved casting
out of demons.
An elic world ministerin s irits -Heb
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The World in the NT
World
kosmos
the world ofman
The unseen world of angels anddemons is a prominent NT truth.
The believer with the power of
God and the ministry of angels isin warfare against Satan and his
demonic legions.
Ephesians
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The World in the NT
Both John and Paul more fullydevelop the concept ofkosmos. In
John
s writings:Jesus came into the world. John 11:27
The world did not recognize Christ. John
1:10The world hated Christ. John 7:7
Gods great love for the world. John 3:16
Jesus disciples were not of this world.
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The World in the NT
Both John and Paul more fully developthe concept ofkosmos. In Johns
writings:Christians are not to love the world.
1 John 2:15-17
The world hates Christians.
John 15:18-19, John 17:14
The world is under the power of the evil one.
1 John 5:19
Faith is the victory through which believers -
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The World in the NT
Both John and Paul more fully developthe concept ofkosmos. In Pauls
writings:The whole world is accountable before God.
Romans 3:19
The world has fallen under the judgment of God.
John 3:18
The worlds wisdom and Gods wisdom are in
contrast. 1 Corinthians 1:19-21; James 3:14-17
Unbelievers follow the ways of the world and are
led by Satan.
Ephesians 2:2
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Man in Himself in the NT
The Infinite Value of Man to GodGod knows the minutest details about us.
Matthew 10:30
This does not promote the idea of the
Fatherhood of God and the
Brotherhood of Men philosophy apart
from faith and repentance.Repentance and faith brings us into His
family.
Jesus is concerned about what man is, not
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Man in Himself in the NT
Jesus View of the FleshNo hint of Gnostic dualism in which only
the physical is evil.
There is an absence of asceticism in
Jesus. Matthew 11:18-19
Defilement of man comes from the inside
not the outside.
Mark 7:14-23
If fed with the world, the flesh can
dominate over the spirit. Matthew 26:41
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Man in Himself in the NT
Jesus View About Man in SocietyMan was never intended to be an
individualist or self-sufficient.
Jesus was deeply concerned about those
who were socially deprived, the poor, and
needy, the deaf, blind and lame.
Jesus was a friend of sinners and spenttime with societal outcasts.
The Sermon on the Mount contains much
teaching about mans responsibility to his
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Man in Himself in the NT
The Personal Responsibility WhichFalls on ManMan is expected to obey God. Luke 17:9-
10
Man is completely accountable to God.
Luke 19:11-15
Man is completely dependent on God.
Matthew 6:11
Total commitment to God is required.
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Man in Himself in the NT
The Relation of Men and WomenJudaism was male-dominated and gave
little respect to women.
In Judaism women could not attend
Synagogue religious education classes or
worship with men equally.
To the Jewish man, females were inferiorto men
In contrast, Jesus and the evangelists
recognized the rights of women as much
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Man in Himself in the NT
The Relation of Men and WomenThe virgin birth places Mary in the highest
honor.
All the gospels stress the importance of
women in the Passion and Resurrection
narratives.
No distinction is made in the healing ministryof Jesus toward men or women.
Jesus allowed a women to anoint His feet
and praised her for it.
Luke 7:36-38, 44-47
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Man in Himself in the NT
The Relation of Men and WomenJesus gave equal status to men and women
in divorce. Mark 10:10-12
Jesus spoke of sons and daughters and
mothers and fathers as equals. Matthew
12:50
It was women who stayed at the cross. Luke 23:49
Women were the first to proclaim the
Resurrection.
Luke 24:1-10
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Man in Himself in the NT
Jesus Approach to ChildrenIn the Ancient World, unwanted children
were abandoned and exposed to theelements to die.
Jesus welcomed children and criticized His
disciples for keeping them away. Matthew 19:13-15
He used a child as an example of humility.
Matthew 18:1-5
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Man in Himself in the NT
Jesus Approach to ChildrenJesus pronounced strong judgment on
anyone who caused a little one to sin.
Matthew 18:6
He spoke of Gods special protection for
children.
Matthew 18:10, 14It was children who praised His entry into
Jerusalem. Matthew 21:15-16
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline View of ManOf all the NT writers, Paul gives the fullest
expression of the doctrine of man.
Since his letters were occasional, Paul
does not give a comprehensive teaching in
any one letter, and sometimes the terms he
uses to describe man are used in variousways.
The words he most uses to describe the
various aspects of man are: soul, spirit,
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms: SoulLeast important of Pauls terms, occurs 13x
It mainly indicates a mans life.
Romans 11:3; Philippians 2:30
It can mean self as in 1 Thessalonians 2:8,
and individuals in Romans 13:1The use of soul,psyche, in 1 Thessalonians
5:23 seems to indicate that man is a tripartite,
although many disagree.
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Spirit
The Greek word for spirit ispneumaand isoften used in relationship to the Holy Spirit.
Pneumais also used in the description of
man who is a believer. The believer hasthe Holy Pneuma which is a direct contrast
with flesh sarx.Romans 8:9
We become partakers of the Spirit at
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms: Heart OurKardiaWithout Christ:
Sin can darken our heart. Romans 1:21
The heart is corrupted.
Romans 1:24
Heart is stubborn and unrepentant. Romans 2:5
OurKardiaWith Christ
Man believes with the heart.
Romans 10:10
God shines light into our hearts. 2 Corinthians
4:6
Christ dwells in our hearts.
Ephesians 3:17
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Mind
In great contrast to Greek thinking wherenouscan be elevated above the rest of
man.
Nous is neither good or bad
its moralstanding is determined by what is
influencing it: flesh or spirit.
When the mind does not acknowledge
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Mind
The mind of unbelievers can beblinded by Satan. 2 Corinthians 4:4
Before salvation, man was an enemy
of God in his mind because of his evilbehavior. Colossians 1:21
The mind of believers needs to be
renewed.
Romans 12:2
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:ConscienceSyneidesis knowledge of an act with
reflexive judgment on it.
The conscience shows that man is aware that
he is a rational being.
All people have the capacity to know right and
wrong. Romans 2:15
God judges the conscience. 1 Corinthians
4:4
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Flesh
Sarxis used by Paul in a number of ways.Understanding Pauls use ofsarxis vital to
understanding his concept of man.
Some translations weaken the mean ofsarxbecause of modern mans concept of
the word flesh, i.e. NIV sinful nature
Galatians 5:16-21
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Flesh
Describes the natural man
Galatians1:16
The flesh is in conflict with the Spirit.
Galatians 5:17
The flesh has evil fruit. Galatians 5:19-
21
Before becoming a Christian, the flesh
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Body
Unlike sarx, the body, soma, can betransformed.
We are not to sin against our body.
1 Corinthians 6:18
Our body is to be a pure and holy temple of
the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 6:19
We are to glorify God with our bodies.
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Man in Himself in the NT
Pauline Anthropological Terms:
Body
Our body will be resurrected and glorified. Philippians 3:20-21; 1 Corinthians 15:52-
53
We are to present and dedicate our bodiesto God for His purposes. Romans 12:1-2
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Man in Relation to God in the NT
Jesus Estimate of Mans SinSin is universal.
Sin is internal.Sin is enslavement.
Sin is rebellion
Sin merits condemnation.Sin is alienation from God.
Sin is unbelief.
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Man in Relation to God in the NT
Pauline Concept of SinSin is debt.
Sin is deviation.Sin is lawlessness.
Sin is slavery.
Sin is falsehood.Sin merits punishment.
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Man in Relation to God in the NT
Summary of Sin in the NTSin is universal in all men. Romans 3:23
Sin is internal often with externalexpression.
Sin brings divine punishment.
Sins cure is only found in forgiveness
through repentance of sin and faith in
Jesus Christ.
Sinners need a Savior.
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Sinners Need a Savior
My sin, oh, the bliss of this glorious
thought!
My sin, not in part but the whole,
Is nailed to the cross, and I bear it no
more
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