the dtm
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction In this amazing presentation I will cover:Links between the DTM and age structure.The usefulness of the DTM.Finally, relating the DTM to LEDCs/MEDCs.
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What is the DTM? The DTM describes how the population of a
country changes over time. It gives changes in birth and death rates, and shows that countries pass through 5 stages of population change.
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The DTM
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Links between the DTM and age structure (population pyramids) The DTM can be used as a vehicle to
demonstrate changes in population and can be incorporated into a pyramid to identify which stage a country is in or a pyramid can be used to identify which stage a country is in.
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Por ejemplo The pyramid indicates that Sudan has a high birth rate and a short life expectancy. This shows that Sudan is in stage one of the DTM because it falls into the stage one criteria.
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The usefulness of the DTMThe DTM is useful because:It is universal – it can be applied to all
countries. It provides a starting point for the study of
demographic change over time.The timescales are flexible. It is easy to understand.It enables comparisons to be made between
the countries.
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Relating the DTM to LEDCs/MEDCs.In MEDCs:Most MEDCs have passed through all of the
stages.At Stage 4 ny about the 1960s.Some now moving to stage 5.Took about 200 yrs to move through the
stages.Growth rates rarely exceeded 1% per year.Economic growth led the transition.
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ExamplesItaly and Germany are in stage 5 – a population
decline, where death rate has over took birth rate.
USA, Japan, France and the UK are in stage 4 – where birth and death rate are low however the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
Reasons for stages 4 and 5:Birth rate - Family planning, good health,
improving status of women, later marriages.Death rate – Good health care. Reliable food
supply.
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Relating DTM to LEDCs/ MEDCs continued.In LEDCs:Not yet passed through all stages.Many entered Stage 2 in mid 20th century.Many still in Stages 2 or 3.Huge gap between birth and death rates – high
population growth.Population increase exceeds 4% per yr in some
countries and 2% in others.Moving through stages more rapidly.Driven more by government policies and western
medical aid.Economic development lagging behind.
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ExamplesEgypt, Kenya – Stage 2 – High birth rate, lower
death rate – rapid population growth. Brazil, India and China – Stage 3- Falling birth
and death rate, increase slows down.Reasons for stage 2: Birth rate – Child labour, no
family planning. Reasons for stage 2 and 3: Birth rate – Improved
medical care and diet. Fewer children needed. Death rate – Improvements in medical care. Water supply and sanitation, fewer children dying.
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Summary You hopefully should be able to know:Links between the DTM and age structure.The usefulness of the DTM.Finally, relating the DTM to LEDCs/MEDCs.
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“Very Nice! Any Questions?