the early cistophoric coinage / by fred s. kleiner and sydney p. noe

8/9/2019 The early cistophoric coinage / by Fred S. Kleiner and Sydney P. Noe

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STO P H O R I C

I N R

E

D I E S

NNU M SMAT CSO C E T

C r e a

t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e

/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_

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3/180

I E S

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T TH O M S O N

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ectionsandK ey toA bbrev iations3

tophoricCoinage10

ricCoinage120

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9/180

us oftheearlycistophoriccoinagerepresentsthecom-

ofstudyby the lateSydneyP . Noe. I tw asbeguninthe

toanswertheq uestionsoftheoriginand purposeofthe

f thisresearchwerepresentedinan articleinANSMNin

edthatadefinitiveanswerto theproblemofthebeginningof

uldonlycomeafter apainstakingappraisalofallavailable

ewasoccupied untilhisdeathin 1969.

reisthat collectedbyNoebefore1962 supplementedby

attime( notablythenumismaticcollectionsofTurkey or

een1962and1971.I thasprovenimpossibletotake into

whichhascomeontothe marketin1972-74 duringmyresi-

ce thousandsofmilesfromthecastsand photographsassem-

onotthink how ever thattheconclusionsof thisstudywould

ntwayby theadditionofthenewcoins tothecorpus.

wasdeterminedandthete tcomposedbymein 1971

4to takeintoaccountsubse uentliterature.Noeshould

f rerrorsinfactorj udgmentonmypart especia llywith

pressedhereonthenatureof thecistophoricco inage. Noe s

edto thepointofcomparingdiesamongthe cistophoricmints

uldhavedrawnfrom theinter-citylinkagemighthavedif-

credit how ever be longstoNoeforf irstformulatingthe ideas

beginningofthecistophoriccoinage thedateofintroduction

ousmints theidentificationofthefirstcistophoric issuesof

ationtothePergameneregna lcoinage asw ellasmanydetails

Thisbookis verymuchhisown.

tesforpublication I w asabletodiscoverinmanycasesthe

edmaterialandinformationforhis study inevitablysome

edandI regretthatI cannotacknowledgetheirassistance.

ogenerousin makingthematerialundertheircareavailable

inthe listo fco llections pp. 3-9. I w ishtoe pressmy

whoputmaterialatourdisposaland tothefollowingcurators

spita lityw henI v isitedthe ircabinetsin1970-71: G. K . J en-

M. P r i ce ( L o n do n , G . P o l l ar d a nd M . H e n dy ( C am b ri d ge , C .

0 . Mo r kh o lm ( C op e nh a ge n , M . Co m st o ck ( B o s t o n , F . F . J o n es ( P r i nc e -

an d D . G . M i tt e n ( H a r va r d , H . v o n A u lo c k ( I s t an b ul , M . Ca r am e ss i ni

s N . O l c a y ( I s t an b ul a n d S. T a ne r ( A n k a ra . S e ve r al d e al e rs i n

nerouslyallowedmetoe amineandrecordtheirstockof

y SimonB endallo fA . H. B a ldw in L td. H erbertA . C ahnof

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inage

G andSy lv iaHurlero fB ank L eu sNumismaticDepartment.

uestionsofchrono logy metrology etc. andinformationregard-

dindividualspecimenswereprovidedbydiscussionsor cor-

e hr i ng e r H . A . C a hn P . R . F r a nk e H . S e y r ig C . H . V . S u th e r-

wledgeherethegrantswhichaidedthe collectionofthenu-

publicationofthis volume:a1971grantfortravelto Turkey

nroseF undof theA mericanP hilosophica lSocietyand1975

eJ ubileeF undof theNumismaticDepartmentofB ank L eu

maticP ublicationsandtheStif tungderMiin enundMedaillen

mismatischerundArchaologischerF orschung.

membersofthestaffofthe ANSwhowerealwayswillingto

matters to locatebook sandarticles andtoassist intheprep-

Specialthanksaredue toGeoffreyNorthandF rancis

standpresentL ibrariansof theSociety andNancyWaggoner

kCoins.Mrs.P ersyCoronispreparedmostofthecasts from

lumewerephotographedbyMichaelD iB iaseandB ernadette

ebtedtoMargaretThompson w hointroducedmetothestudyof

ysupervisedmyworkateverystage.I naveryreal sense she

olume.

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A H Y , CO L L E C T O N SAND K E Y TO A B B R E V I AT O NS

C ollege U niversityofA berdeen A berdeen. SNGI . P artI I , TheNewnham

ndon 1936.

ungen.AkademiederWissenschaften philosophisch-historischeK lasse

ungen.AkademiederWissenschaften philosophisch-historischeK lasse

urnalo fA rchaeo logy New York .

cademyofSciences A msterdam. C o llectiononloantotheKonink li k

enningenenGesnedenStenen ' s-Gravenhage. Materia landinfor-

. vanGelderandJ . P . A . vanderV in.

u esi A nk ara . Materia landinformationprov idedbyS. Taner.

maticSociety New York .

formerlyB urtonY . B erryco llection.

e r ry C ol l ec t io n . P a r t I I , M e ga r is t o E g y p t N e w Y o r k 1 9 61 .

ormerlyEdw ardT. Newellco llection.

rmerlyEdw ardGanscollection.

rmerlyH erbertE . I vesco llection.

formerlyF . D orseyStephensco llection.

ormerlyL . Straussco llection gif to fL. H . Schroeder.

mismaticSocietyMuseumNotes NewY ork.

umismaticSocietyNumismaticNotesandMonographs NewY ork.

i edprice listso fA rtemisA nti uit ies St. P etersburg. F la .

ollection NationalMuseum Athens.Materialandinformationprovided

nomides.

A ulock co llection I stanbul. Materia landinformationprov idedbyH. von

g v on A u lo c k B e r l i n. M ys i en 1 9 57 l o ni e n 1 9 60 L y d ie n 1 9 63

a ch t rd g e I I , M y s i en b i s L e s b os 1 9 67 / / / l o n ie n b is L y d ie n 1 9 6 7 I V ,

1968.

E . B abelon Tra itidesmonnaiesgrec uesetromainesI. Thiorieetdoctrine

apenetrationromaineenA sieMineured apreslesdocumentsnumismati ues "

n F o r e i gn C l ie n te l ae O x f o rd 1 9 58 .

e Co r re s po n da n ce H e l l i ni u e P a r is .

ricanUniversity B e irut. Materia landinformationprov idedbyD. C .

Turk TarihK urumuB aslmev i A nk ara .

e l li n ge r E s s a y s on t h e Co i na g e of A l e a n de r t he G r ea t ( N S 1 1 N e wY o r k 1 9 63 .

nett StaatlicheMuseenzuB erlin E astB erlin. Materia landinformation

e be n a nd H . - D . S c h u lt .

sMuseum B ern. C astsco llectedbyL. Strauss now atA NS.

umCata logue seeL ondon.

hringer Z urC hrono logiemittelhe llenistischerMun serien220-160v . C hr.

GeschnitleneSteine5 , B erlin 1972.

ommentarezurL iteraturiiberantik eNumismatik I , " SNR 1974 pp. 5-22.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


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inage

umismalicodiL uigiSimoneld F lorence.

t imecomprisingthecollectionofH. B ooth P oughkeepsie N. Y .

. P . B o r r e ll " U n e d i te d G re e k Co i ns " N C 1 84 5 p p . 2- 3 5.

ineA rts B oston Mass. Materia landinformationprovidedbyM. C omstock .

gueofGreek C oins MuseumofF ineA rts B oston 1955 M. C omstock and

k Co i ns I 9 6 0 to 1 9 63 M u se u mo f F i n e A r ts B o s t o n 1 9 64 .

oguesofE. B ourgey P aris.

. B roughton R omanA siaMinor( A nE conomicSurveyofA ncientR ome4 ,

sM6dailles B ibliothe ueR oya le B russe ls. Materia landinformationpro-

. N a st e r L a c o ll e ct i on L u c ie n d e H i r sc h B r u s s el s 1 9 59 .

em etiMu eum B udapest. MaterialandinformationprovidedbyK.

. H . B u n bu r y " U n p u b li s he d C is t op h or i " N C 18 8 3 p p . 18 1 -2 0 1.

guesofE . B utton F rankfurterMun enhandlung F rank furtamMain.

so fA . Cahn F rank furtamMain.

l l iamMuseum C ambridge. Materia landinformationprov idedbyG. P o lla rd

F i t w i ll i am M u se u m L e a ke a n d Ge n er a l Co l le c ti o ns . P a r t V I ,

L ondon 1965 S. W. Grose C atalogueof theMcC leanC ollectionofGreek

A s ia M i no r t o Af r ic a C a mb r id g e 1 9 29 .

l1regnodiPergamo R ome 1906.

C arrataThomes L arivo ltadiA rislonicoe leoriginide llaprov inciaromana

8.

L aprov inceromaineproconsulated A sie P aris 1904.

sofL. C iani P aris.

mmerce castsor photographicrecordatANS.

geMont-ogMedaillesamling Nationalmuseet Copenhagen.Material

byO .Merkholm.SNG TheR oyalCollectionofCoinsandMedals

m C o pe n ha g en . M ys i a 1 9 45 I o n ia 1 9 46 L y d ia 1 9 47 P h r y g ia 1 9 48 .

v iscollection Seattle Washington. Greek C oinsinNorthA mericanC ollections

i s Co l le c ti o n. B y H . A . T ro e l l N e wY o r k 1 9 69 .

tdesMedailles B ibliothe ueNationa le P aris fo rmerlyD eL uynesco llection.

guedelaC o llectiondeLuynes MonnaiesGrec ues. I l l A sieMineuree l

9 30 .

l 19 25 — G . D e S an ct is " E u m en e I I e l e ci tt a gr ec he d A si a " R i v i l 19 25

ingco llection onloantotheF oggA rtMuseum H arvardU niversity C am-

ria landinformationprov idedbyD . G. MittenandJ . O leson.

S— O rientisgraeciinscriptionsseleclae . E ditedbyWill iamD ittenberger

nscriptionumGraecarum. EditedbyWill iamDittenberger 3rded.

binett StaatlicheKunstsammlungen D resden. Materia landinformationpro-

e l D o c t r in a N um o ru m V e t e ru m p t . 1 v ol . 4 V i e nn a 1 7 94 .

uesofB ruderEgger V ienna.

s — E i s el e " S a ba i o s " A u sf u hr l ic h es L e i k on d e r gr i ec h is c he n u nd r o mi s ch e n

. S . R o s c he r 4 ( L e i p i g 1 9 14 , p p . 23 2 -6 4 .

ta loguesofF reresF euardent P aris.

useum H arvardU niversity C ambridge Mass. Materia landinformationpro-

dJ . O leson.

C r e a



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ons A bbrev iations

chesMuseum F rankfurtamMain. Materia landinformationprov idedby

bank — D eutscheB undesbank F rankfurtamMain. Materia landinformation

k e.

M . F r a s er a n d G. E . B e a n T h e R h o di a n P e r a ea a n d I s l a n ds O x f o rd 1 9 54 .

e r li n 1 91 0 — H . V o n F r i t e " D i e M i i n e n vo n P e r g am o n " A bh B e r l i n 19 1 0

k enMiin enMysiens B erlin 1913.

ievorka iserlichenMiin envonA dramytion " Nomisma( B erlin1910 ,

rtetd H isto ire Geneva. Materia landinformationprov idedbyN. D ilrr.

C o inC abinet TheUniversity Glasgow . Materialandinformationprovided

acdonald CatalogueofGreekCoinsintheH unterianCollection.

e s te r n Gr e ec e t o As i a Mi n or G l as g ow 1 9 01 .

loguesofGlendiningandC o. L ondon.

tischeZ eitschriftf i irdiegesamtek lassischeA I tertumsw issenschaft Munich.

gischesI nstitutderUniversitat Gottingen. Materia landinformationpro-

eSammlung formerlyGotha. C astsco llectedbyL. Strauss now atA NS.

uesofL. Grabow R ostock / B erlin.

H . A . Grueber C o insof theR omanR epublicintheB rit ishMuseum

9 10 .

k K abinetvanMunten P enningenenGesnedenSte inen ' sGravenhage.

prov idedbyH . E . vanGelderandJ . P . A . vanderV in.

anR edeco llectiononpermanentloantotheHaguecabinet. Materialand

. E . vanGelderandJ . P . A . vanderV in.

ta loguesofL . H amburger F rank furtamMain.

-Museum H annover.MaterialandinformationprovidedbyM.Schliiter.

mmlungdesKestnerMuseumsI , GriechischeMiin en H annover 1958.

a n s e n T h e At t al i ds o f P e r g am u m. I t h ac a 1 9 47 .

1881— B . Haussoull ie r " I nscriptionsdeD elphes4. DScretdesde lphiensen

dessardicns " B C H 1881 pp. 383-87.

rB e itrdgez urNumismatik H amburg.

V . H e ad H i s to ri a Nu mo ru m 2 nd e d. O x f or d 1 91 1.

theC hrono logica lSe uenceof theC oinsofE phesus " NC 1880 pp. 85-

ately L ondon 1880.

oguesofO. H elbing Munich.

at a lo g ue s o f A. H e s s A G a nd B a n k L e u A G Z i i r i c h.

k Co i ns — G . F . H i l l H i s t o ri c al G r ee k C oi n s L o n do n 1 9 06 .

i n d of C i st o ph o ri " N C 1 92 9 p p . 73 - 76 .

o n G ae r tr i ng e n " R h o d o s " R E S u pp l em e nt 5 ( 1 9 31 , c o ls . 7 31 - 84 0 .

guesofG. H irsch Munich.

1 9 24 — M . H o l l ea u , " E t u de s d h i st o ir e h el l en i st i u e . L e d t oe t d es i o ni e ns e n

n es I I , " R E G 1 92 4 p p. 3 05 -3 0.

yne1915— G. vanHoorn " D eoriginecistophorum " Mnemosyne( L e iden

ntoryofGreek C oinH oards. E ditedbyMargaretThompson OttoMerk ho lm

e w Y o r k 1 9 73 .

n 18 8 4 — F . I m h oo f -B l u m e r D i e M i i n e n d er D y n a s t ie v o n P e r ga m on A b h-

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u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


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inage

" GriechischeMun en " A bhMilnchen1890 pp. 525-798.

en— Kle inasiatischeMun en V ienna 1901-2.

urgriechischenundrdmischenMiln k unde Geneva 1908.

urgriechischenundromischenMun k unde. SNR 1905 pp. 261-72.

n ti k e gr i ec h is c he M u n e n " S N R 1 9 1 3 p p . 5- 1 34 .

ia— O. K ern D ie I nschrif tenvonMagnesiaamMaeander B erlin 1900.

amon— M. F rank e l I nschrif tenvonP ergamon B erlin 1890-95.

iMu esi I stanbul. Materia landinformationprov idedbyN. Olcay .

li i — I s t an b ul A r ke o lo i M i l e r el i Y i l l i ^ i I s t an b ul .

M u e s i I z m i r .

etimecomprisingthe J acobyco llection Munich.

netimecomprisingtheco llectionofR . J ameson. C ollectionR . J a -

ec u e s an t i u e s P a r is 1 9 13 .

95 8 — G . K . J e nk in s " H e l l en is ti c Co in s fr om N im ru d " I r a ( L o nd on 1 95 8 , p p.

rNumismatik undGeldgeschichte K a llm iin i iberR egensburg.

o n es T h e Ci t ie s o f th e E a s t er n R o m a n P r o vi n ce s 2 n d ed . O x f o rd 1 9 71 .

J u d d c o ll e ct i on O m a h a N e br a sk a .

abinett B adischesL andesmuseumfurKarnten K lagenfurt. Materia and

.W ielandt.

oguesofG. Kastner Munich.

B . K e i l " Z u r V i c to r ia t us r ec h nu n g au f g ri e ch i sc h en I n s ch r if t en " Z N u m

ngDreer L andesmuseumfurKarnten K lagenfurt. Materialandinfor-

. R auber.

— F . S. Kle iner " TheA le anderTetradrachmsofP ergamumandR hodes ,

125

TheDatedC istophorio fEphesus " A NSMN1972 pp. 17-32.

guesofG. Klenau Munich.

G r ee k C oi n s an d H i s t or y L o n do n 1 9 69 .

uesofK . K ress Munich.

ta loguesofH. K richeldorf Stuttgart.

ermitage L eningrad. Materialandinformationprov idedbyL. N. B e lova.

ph o ri — F . L e n or m an t " C i st o ph o ri " D i c t i on n ai r e de s a nt i u i ti s g re c u e s et

mbergw ithE . SaglioandE . P ottier vo l. 1pt. 2( P aris 1887 , pp. 1211-13-

n n ai e d an s V a n t i u i ti P a r i s 1 8 78 - 79 .

eq uel uesespecesdemonnaiesgrec uesmentionndesdanslesauteursanciens

R N1867 pp. 179-88.

e R i d e r " U n W t r ad r ac h me d A t he n a Ni k ep h or o s " R N 1 9 7 3 p . 66 - 79

m on n ai e s th a si e nn e s " G u id e d e Th a so s ( P a r i s 1 9 68 , p p . 18 5 -9 1 .

tonetimecomprisingtheco llectionofR . C y rilL ock ett. So ldbyGlendiningand

- 61 . S NG I I I , T h e L o c k et t C ol l ec t io n L o n do n 1 9 38 .

entofCo insandMedals B rit ishMuseum L ondon. Materia landinformation

k ins R . C arson andM. Price . A C ata logueof theGreek C oinsintheB rit-

. My s ia 1 8 92 I o n ia 1 8 92 L y d ia 1 9 01 P h r yg i a 1 9 0 6 .

ay " TheC oinageof theMacedonianR epublics 168-146B . C . A ncient

iona lSymposium Thessa lonica A ug. 26-29 1968 ( Thessa lonica Society

I nstituteforB a lk anStudies1970 , pp. 256-64.

Shane TheF ore ignP o licyof theA lla lidsofP ergamum U rbana 1964.

eol6gicoNacional Madrid.MaterialandinformationprovidedbyC.

o GuladelSa ldndeNumismdtica Madrid 1926.

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ons A bbrev iations

omanR ule inA siaMinortotheE ndof theThirdC enturyA f terC / irisf P rince-

letopoulosco llection K ephissia A thens.

MN1971— J. R . Melv il le J ones " SomeNumismaticP roblemsinthe

" A NSMN1971 pp. 127-36.

M. duMersan " On theC oinsC a lledCistophori " NC 1846-47 pp. 1-16.

smatico Museid A rtide lC aste lloSfor esco Milan. C astscollectedby

S.

— T . Mommsen GeschichtedesromischenMiln w esens B erlin 1860.

rov in ia lcourantderromischenProv in A sia imV erha ltnisz urR e ichs-

8 87 p p . 40 - 42 .

Moshniagincollection Moscow.Materialandinformationprovidedby

seumfurKunstundK ulturgeschichte Miinster. Materialandinformation

aus.

sCata loguesandf i edprice listso fMiin enundMedaillenA G B ase l.

u sammlung Munich. Materia landinformationprov idedbyH. K iith-

so fR . J . Myers New Y ork .

esofNav il leetC ie . GenevaandLucerne.

nicle L ondon.

A l e a n de r H o a r ds I I . D e m a nh u r 19 0 5 ( A N S NN M 1 9 N e w Y o r k 1 9 23 .

Metropo litanMuseumofA rt New York .

l l . — C o insintheco llectionofaNew Y ork residentw hopreferstoremain

smatiskU nionsMedlemsblad Copenhagen.

B eginningsof theC istophoricC oinage " A NSMN1950 pp. 29-41.

es New York .

R B N 1975— M. C aramessiniOeconomidesandF . S. K le iner " The

A S u pp l em en t " R B N 1 9 75 p p . 5- 1 9.

kM u Y i l l i ^ i — N . O l c ay " Y e n i b i r ki s to f or d e fi n es i " I s t an b ul A r kM i i -

64. Englishtranslation " A New C istophoricH oard " pp. 171-77.

ini— N. O lcayandH. Sey rig L etrisordeMek tepinienPhrygic P aris 1965.

sco llection A thens.

t U niversitetetiO slo O slo . Materialandinformationprovidedby J . H .

nC o inR oom A shmoleanMuseum O x ford. Materia landinformationpro-

. H. V . Sutherland.

el D e C i s t op h or i s L y o n 1 7 3 4.

Medail les B iblio the ueNationa le P aris. Materialandinformationprovided

o llection.

uesandf i edprice listso fB . P eus F rank furtamMain.

9 61 — C . P i c ar d " S a ba i o s d i eu t h ra c o- p hr y gi e n " R e v A r ch p t . 2 ( 1 9 6 1 , p p .

" O berdieC istophorenundiiberdiek aiserlichenSilbermedaillonsderro -

" A bhB erlin1855 pp. 533-635.

M . J . P r i c e " G r ee k Co i n H o a rd s i n th e B r i t i sh M u se u m. T h e U r f a H o a rd o f

p p . 10 - 14 .

irestoneL ibrary P rincetonUniversity P rinceton N. J . Materia land

. E . C o lemanandF . F . J ones.

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u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


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inage

A rtMuseum P rincetonUniversity P rinceton N. J . Materia landinfor-

. J ones.

esofR . R atto L ugano.

. J . P . R a ve n " T h e H i e ra p yt n a H o a rd o f G re e k an d R o m a n Co i ns "

e igedeNumismali ueetdeSigil lographie B russels.

ow a R ea l- ncyclopddiederclassischeA ltertumsw issenscha/ t.

E l u d es G r ec u e s P a r is .

e n — K . R e g li n g " D i e B r o n e n d er 2 . S am ml u ng I m h oo f i m B e r li n er K a b in e tt "

nde1929 pp. 385-88.

e i tu n g 19 3 2 — " E i n K i s t o ph o re n sc h at a u s de r P r o v i n B r u s s a " F r a nk -

932 pp. 506-10.

" K i s to p ho r en " R E 1 1 ( 1 9 21 , c o ls . 5 24 - 25 . = F . v o n Sc h ro t te r W b r t er -

B e r l i n/ e i p i g 1 9 30 p p . 30 8 -9 .

e l l e ni s ti s ch e r Mu n s c ha t a u s B a b yl o n " Z N u m 1 9 28 p p . 92 - 13 2 .

r cM o lo g i u e P a r is .

d e P h i lo l og i e d e L i t t i ra t ur e e t d H i s t o ir e P a r is .

a lianadiNumismaticaeScien eA f f ini M ilan.

F i l o l og i a e di I s t ru i o ne C l as s ic a T u ri n .

m a li u e P a r is .

L . R o b er t E t u d e s de n u mi s ma t i u e g re c u e P a r is 1 9 51 .

L e s i ns c ri p ti o ns g r ec u e s et l a ti n es d e S ar d es R e v A r ch p t . 1 ( 1 9 3 6 ,

" E t u de s d e p ig r ap h ie g r ec u e " R e v h i l 19 3 4 p p . 2 67 - 92 .

d A s ie M i ne u re ( E t u d e s O r i e nt a le s 2 , P a r is 1 9 35 .

s d A s ie M i ne u re 2 n d ed . P a r i s 1 9 62 .

E . S . G .R o b i n so n " C i st o ph o ri i n t he N a me o f K i n g E u m e n es N C 1 95 4

e ni s ti c W o r l d — M . R o s t ov t e f f T h e So c ia l a nd E c o no m ic H i s t o r yo f t he H e l -

. O x f o rd 1 9 52 .

" P e r g a mu m " C a mb r id g e An c ie n t H i s to r y 8 ( C a m br i dg e E n g la n d 1 9 30 ,

R hodesandDelosandH ellenisticC ommerce " C ambridgeA ncientHistory8

nd 1 9 30 , p p . 61 9 -6 7

" SomeR emarksontheMonetaryandCommercia lPo licyof the

A natolianStudiesPresentedtoWill iamH epburnB uck ler( Manches-

7 -9 8 .

S a ba i o s " R E s e r. 2 v o l. I B ( 1 9 20 , c o ls . 1 54 0 -5 1 .

aa loguesofF . Schlessinger B erlin.

oguesofH . M. . Schulman New York .

E pigraphicumGraecum L e iden 1924.

Greek C oins 2nded. L ondon 1955.

gesofR . Serrure P aris.

ection Neuchate l Sw it erland.

y r ig " M o nn a ie s h el l en i st i u e s. V . Q u e s t io n s ci s to p ho r i u e s " R N 1 9 6 3

Levantanciensetnouveau , P aris 1973.

mGraecorum.

cheNumismatischeR undschau B ern.

Sofia.MaterialandinformationprovidedbyT.Gerasimov.

guesofSothebyandC o. L ondon.

o g ue s o f St a ck s I n c . N e wY o r k.

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ons A bbrev iations

Geschichlederk le inasiatischenGalater 2nded. L e ip ig 1907.

istoriskaMuseumochK ungl.Myntkabinettet Stockholm.Materialand

.W estermark.

gischesL andesmuseum Stuttgart.Materialandinformationprovided

ner , " AydinilinindalamabucaginabagliSahnalikoyiicivarindabulunmus

k araV niversitesidilveTarih-C ografyaF ak ullesiDergisi17( 1959 ,

66— M. Thompson " SomeNoteworthyGreekAccessions " ANSMN

n E arlyR omanCoinage I , Copenhagen 1957.

ncollection Washington D .C.

Coinsofuncertainprovenanceinthecast orphotographcollectionof

Numismatico B ibliotecaA posto licaV aticana V aticanC ity . Materia land

.M.Tocci.

mmlungf iirMiin en Medail lenundGeld e ichen V ienna. Materia landin-

embski.

65— W. H . Waddington " MSmoiresetdissertations. Trouva il lede l i lede

5 p p . 25 - 28 .

mecomprisingthe J . Wardco llection. J . Ward Greek C oinsandthe ir

do n 1 9 02 .

timecomprisingtheH. W eberco llection. L . F orrer DescriptiveCata logue

C oinsF ormedbySirHermannWeber. PartI I I , 1. B osporusto

9 2 6 .

. W e l l e s R o y a l Co r re s po n de n ce i n t he H e l l e ni s ti c P e r i o d N e wH a v e n 1 9 34 .

stermark D asB ildnisdesP hile tairosvonPergamon( Stockho lmStudiesin

. Stockho lm 1960.

" — U . W i l ck en " A tt al os " R E 2 ( 1 89 6 , c ol s. 2 16 8- 77 .

s t o ir e p ol i ti u e d u mo n de h e ll i ni s ti u e { 3 2 3 -3 0 a v. J . - C.

667.

es — H . W i l lr ic h " E u m en es " R E 6 ( 1 90 9 , c ol s. 1 09 0- 10 5.

abinett Stadtbiblio thek Winterthur. Materia landinformationprov ided

llection D epartmentofClassics WashingtonU niversity St. L ouis Mo.

rovidedbyK .H erbert.

rsity New HavenC onnecticut. Materia landinformationprov idedby

V . B u t tr e y J r .

kM u e , Z a g r e b.

ll e ct i on N e wY o r k.

f ilrNumismatik B erlin.

W . Z s c he i t s c hm a nn " P e r ga m on " R E 1 9 ( 1 9 37 , c o l s . 12 3 5- 6 3.

C r e a



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NGO F TH E C STO P H O R I CCO I NAG

alfcenturies thepeculiarsilvercoinsknownto ancientsand

phori havebeendiscussedbynumismatistsandhistorians

ngachievedastothe timeoftheirintroduction.Therange

lmostacentury ( 228-133B .C. .Theonlycommondenomina-

entastotheimportanceofestablishingthe datewithinnarrow

ccoinagewasthe chiefcurrencyofAsiaMinor forover300

phoribeganin1734w iththepublicationofA . X . P anel s

anelwasthefirstto identifythesilvertetradrachmsweighing

aringamystic cistawithinanivywreathon theobverseand

rpentsonthereversewith thecistophorimentionedbyL ivy1

3P anelassociatedthecistophorictypesw iththeculto fSaba ius 4

andPhrygiaparticularly andpostulatedthatthecistophori

onof thefestiva lscalledSaba ia . 6Panela lsorecogni edthat

gthe cistophoriofE phesusweredatesandbelievedthat

heE raof theSaba ia .

edbyE ckhelwhostressedthecommercial ratherthanthe

ecistophori.E ckhelnotedtheadvantagestothecities inAsia

niformweightandtype theuseofa commoncurrencywould

altransactionsamongthecitiesandcontributedto their

ond etreforthecistophoriwasaccepted byduMersanwho

hoiceof typeswasmotivatedbythecommonreligiousher-

a I onia L ydiaandP hrygia . 8

pusofthe knownvarietiesofcistophoriwaspublishedin

wasalsoresponsiblefor identifyingthedrachmsanddidrachms

b withinawreathonthe obversesandabunchofgrapeson an

. 4 37. 59. 4 39. 7. 1.

2 2 . 16 . 4 1 1 .1 . 2 d e D o m o 52 .

0 -5 1 P i c ar d R e v A r c h 19 6 1 p p . 12 9 -7 6 . Th e c ul t o f Z e u s E i s e le " S a ba -

4 S a ba i u s wa s i nt r od u ce d a t P e r ga m um b y t he w i fe o f E u m e ne s I I Q u e e n S tr a to -

chrif tenvonP ergamon no. 248 11. 45-47( = Welles R C no. 67 11. 1-13 ;

eZ eusw orshippedatPergamumasSaba iusw asDionysiacincharacter:

3. 23. 58.

6 p p . 1- 2 .

5.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


19/180

oricCoinage

fractionsofthecistophorictetradrachms.10P inderobserved

ndf lansi eof thePergameneregna lco ins( P late I , 1-3

tophori andpostulatedthatthelattersucceededther oyal

o fP hile taerus. P indera lsorecogni edthatthedatesw hich

onthecistophorio fE phesusw erereck onedf romtheformationof

134/ 133B . C . A lthoughP inderdidnote plicitly statethatthe

aboutthattime hisdiscussionimpliesthatthis washis

monythatcistophoriwerepresentin greatnumbersintheR oman

sdiscountedasananachronisticuseof theword" cistophorus

tingin AsiaMinor.11

rredwithP inder sanalysisofL ivyandspecificallystated

ststruck in133B .C.whentheAttalidkingdompassedinto

msenviewedthecistophorusasthecoinofthe P rovinceofAsia1

etreintermsof R omanconvenience:thecistophoricweight

theR hodianandthecistophorictetradrachmwaseasilycon-

ndenarii. 15Onmoresub ectivegrounds Mommsenfe lt

s civicissuesofsilver inlargeq uantitieswouldnothave

ormante pressedconcernoverP inder sandMommsen sdismissa lo f

e asmanysubse uentnumismatists regardedL ivy sstate-

cedthebeginningofthe cistophoriccoinagearoundtheyear200

autorite o f thek ingsofP ergamum. A ccordingtoLenormant the

erestrictedtoMysia(P ergamum A dramyteumandP arium ;

eAttalidkingdomin 189B .C. thenumberofmintswas

iesinI onia L ydia P hrygiaandC aria . 17Thesuccessof the

nd553 n. 1: " Wennmanmitdiesenschonenundzahlre icherha lteneMtin en

Stils desCistophorenvergleicht somochtemanlet teregernfiir

annehmendassvonR hodos C arien P hrygienaus erstetwauntergemeinsam

chderMun fussderCistophorendurchdieProv in A sienverbreitethatte

w elcheaufephesicherC istophorense ltenfehlen be eugenstetsdiePragung

amenischenR eiches undgebeneinenchronologischenAnhaltauchfuran-

chemStile C f . p. 540: " F astvonallenlasstsichnachw eisendasssie in

w elcherdiemeistenC istophorenangehoren derSit desC onventusiuridicus

Sdtesindes die f i irihrenSprengeldiegemeinsamMun e dieC istophoren

d 5 53 n . 1 .

hte pp. 704f f . and706 n. 140. Mommsen sbeginningdateof133w as

ddington " Trouva il lede l i ledeMarmara , R N1865 pp. 25-28.

hte p. 704: " dieP rov in A sia . . . dieC istophorusistderenMun e.

hte pp. 48-51 72-74 704-6. Seea lsoMommsen Z Num1887 pp. 40-42

p p. 5 2 5 7f . 6 4f .

hte p. 704 " esk aumglaublichist dassdieA tta lereinesomachtigeund

agungz ugelassenhabensollten.

8 6 7 p p . 18 2 -8 4 . Se e a ls o L e n o r ma n t M o nn a ie I I , p p . 42 - 44 a n d L e n o rm an t

211-13.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


20/180

inage

dto its" ingenious w eightstandardw hichpermittede -

sofAtticweightat therateoffour tothreeandwiththe

teof onetothree.18

rwardin1880byB . V . H eadinhisC oinageofEphesus.19

edL ivy stestimonybutfeltthatthenumberofundatedE phesian

nificantperiod ofcirculationpriorto133 B .C. 20andplaced

ophoricco inagein159B . C . " perhapsontheoccasionof the

. 21Head how ever apparentlyattributedthe ideaofstriking

I w hosedecisionw asactive ly supportedby theR omans.

thecistophoricco inagew asdesignedtosupplanttheR hodiancurrency

sternMediterranean furtheracceleratingthedeclineof

onofaf reeportatDelosin167B . C . 22

enturydatingofthe earliestcistophoriwas however pub-

merin1884. 23I mhoofcitedaseriesofcistophoribearingthe

l a te X X X V I I I ) a n d d a te s r an g in g f ro m B t o A w h i ch h e a ss i gn e d

anddated188-186B . C . 24SincetheB A - Y pieceswereonly issued

w erenottheearliestintheseries to j udgef romthesi eof

andthenatureof thereversemark s thecistophoricco inagemust

reatanearlierdate.I mhoofbelievedthatthecistophoricould

ata cityalreadyaccustomedtotheR hodianweightstan-

ichissuedcistophori onlyEphesushadprev iously struck R ho-

mhoofplacedthebeginningofthecistophoric coinageatE phesus

efoundconfirmationforhishypothesisin thefactthatmanyof

phoriboresymbolswhichweretypesonthe coinsstruckunder

02B . C . . A ccordingto I mhoof P ergamum Sardes Tra llesand

stophorishortlyafter215-210" durchCbereinkommenoder

8 6 7 p . 1 83 .

pp. 85-173.

p. 147: " Supposingtheabove-describedf if teenormorevarietiestobethesym-

likethedatedcoinswhichfollow theymayveryprobablybethecoinage

etw eenB . C . 159and133. B unbury NC 1883 p. 193ff . be lievedthatthe

ddattestedtoanevenlongerperiodandj ustifiedL enormant searlyda-

onL ivy.Noealsoassumedthatthechangingsymbolscorresponded

havingannualtermsofoffice.I havere ectedthisassumptionasin-

of obversediesusedwitheachvarietyof reversesymbol seemydiscus-

eries16-19 E phesusSeries29-32andTra llesSeries2-5.

p . 1 46 .

p . 1 45 f .

rl in1884 pp. 28-35.

oof sdatingandallo therinterpretationsof theB A E piecesarecited

logunderA ristonicus be low p. 103. A B A - tetradrachmofThyatira

rlyas1845(B ore ll NC 1845 p. 13 , butthe importanceof theseriesfor

gdateofthecistophoriwas notappreciateduntilI mhoof sdiscussionof

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


21/180

oricCoinage

25I mhoof sso lutionrestoredcredibil ity toL ivy sstatements

eor nomodificationbyallnumismatistsandhistoriansuntil

. Noepublishedhisreappra isalo f theev idenceforthebeginning

27NoecontestedI mhoof stwomostimportantconclusions:

roducedca.215-200B .C.andthattheywerefirst struckat

chie f reasonforchoosingEphesusw asthecistophoricw eightstan-

matedtheR hodianstandardtheninuseatE phesus. Noe fo llow -

tedoutthatthe cistophorictypeswerecloselyassociatedwith

omittedanydirectreferencetoA rtemisorE phesus. Thecistamystica

ndivy leafonthefractions area llusionstoDionysus ade ity

mum fromwhomtheAttalidsclaimeddescent.Thereverses

withtheirprominentbow-case andtheclubandpelt onthefrac-

efertoHeracles fa therofTe lephus the legendary founderand

Noealsopointedoutthatthecistophori ofSardes acknow-

tobeamongtheearliestissues 29couldnotpossiblyhavebeen

90B .C.whenSardeswasinSeleucidpossession.Therare

ngtheethnicinmonogramform( musthavebeenstruck

tw een228B . C . w henA tta lusI capturedSardesaf terthe

, and220B . C . w henthecityw aslosttoA chaeus. The

gamum A pameia Tra llesandEphesuscouldthereforebe

theintroductionofcistophoriat E phesusin228wouldhave

theP to lemies Noeinterpretedtheearlycistophoricco inageas

micoffensive ontheparto fE gyptandP ergamum inw hichthe

edtosupplant[theSeleucid currency inA siaMinor. 30

of-Blumerand Noewerefoundedonacommonpremise:

dcistophorif romtheearlyyearsof there ignofE umenesI I

ndthatthesepiecesw erestruck some20to30yearsaf terthef irst

m E phesus Sardes Tra lles andA pameia . How ever in

n so n es ta bl is he d be yo nd d ou bt t ha t th e B A Z I A Q Z E Y ( M N O Y )

l i n 18 8 4 p . 3 3.

b ectionw asthatofvonF rit eA bhB erlin 1910 pp. 15-19 w hobelieved

ecesw ereamongtheearliestcistophori andthatthecistophoricco inagew asbe-

phesusca. 190B . C . See. vonF rit e Nomisma 1910 p. 20f f . andvon

p. 3f f . A llthefo llow ingplacethebeginningof thecistophoricco inageinthe

century e itheratE phesus oratP ergamumunderA tta lusI o rE umenes

T r ai t i l p p . 51 1 -1 3 C ha p ot p p . 33 9 -4 0 C a rd i na l i p p . 24 0 -4 3 H i l l H i s t o ri c al G r ee k

er B M C R e p I I , p . 50 2 n . 2 H e a d/ fi V 2 p .5 34 R e g li ng " K i s t op ho re n " c o l .

" P e rg am um " p . 61 2 R o b er t V i l l es p p. 3 4f f. 4 8f . B a b el on " P e ne tr at io n "

t ta l id s p p . 20 6 -8 M a gi e I I , p . 77 5 f. S e lt m an . p. 2 3 9 M c Sh a ne p . 1 36 a n dn . 1 63 .

0 p p . 29 - 41 .

mosyne1915 pp. 233-37.

l i n 18 8 4 p . 3 3.

p. 39.

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u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


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inage

iecesw asnotEumenesI I butthepretenderA ristoni-

heB A - seriesf rom196-186B . C . to132-130B . C . con-

rgumentsforathird-centuryoriginofthe cistophoric

mmediatelyabandonedhisearlierposition.O neofthemost

ristonicussolution asR obinsonrea li ed w asthatitw asno

atethatcistophoricandAttic weightsilvercoinswerepro-

heP ergamenemint.R obinsonbelievedthatthecistophori

fthedateof thelastP hiletaeruspiecescouldbedeter-

thecistophoriccoinage wouldalsobeestablished.

estermark scorpusofthe P hiletaerustetradrachmsfol-

estermarkpresentedcogentargumentsforplacingtheendof

co inagein190B . C . andherthesisw assubse uentlyacceptedby

w ever Westermark le f tthequestionof thebeginningof the

sincehoardevidenceseemedtoindicatethatthe Atticand

ereintendedfordifferentmarkets.35

overthedateof theearliestcistophoriw asresumedw iththe

yrig s" Q uestionscistophori ues. 38Sey rigconcurredw ithNoe s

ldnothavestruck cistophoribetween220and190B .C. but

whichindicatedthat nocistophoriwerestruckatSardes be-

therob ectionstopre-MagnesiaissuesofcistophoriatE phesus

eltthat the" federalcharacter ofthecistophoriruledout the

ergamumaloneintheyearspriorto theTreatyofApameia.38

ecistophoriccoinagereplacedtheP ergamenedynasticcoinage

A tta lidk ingdomw asenlargedto includeEphesus Sardesand

AsieMineure... pourlapremierefoissemblemurepour une

etaire . C estacemomentquelescondit ionssemblentreunies

umera irequi. . . a lla itmettredansunrapportsimple ladrach-

omain. 3 Sey rig sthesishasrecentlybeenechoedbyColin

4 p p . 1- 8 . Se e a bo ve p . 1 2 n . 2 4.

4 p . 7 .

hile ta irosvonP ergamon Stockho lm 1960.

M 5 ( M a y 19 6 1 p p . 12 2 -2 3 M . S ch l ii t er H B N 1 9 61 p p . 13 1 -3 3 C .B o e h -

p . 2 4 1- 4 5 P . N as t er R B N 1 9 62 p p . 29 5 -9 7 R . R a g o R I N 1 9 62 p p . 12 3 -2 4

9 62 p . 1 08 P . F r a nk e G n om on 1 9 62 p p . 58 9 -9 6 s e e al s o J e n k i ns I r a 1 9 58

N SM N 1 97 1 p . 1 17 .

Studies. . . B uck ler pp. 277-98. Westermark p. 18: " E serscheintj edoch

ndE ndedieserP ragungeninunmitte lbareV erbindungmite inanderz ubrin-

schiedeneA bsat gebietehatten. . . I ne inigenderanderenStadte dieC isto -

denz udemauchMUn enattischenGew ichtsgle ich e it igausgegeben. KSnnte

monderF a llgew esense in "

pp. 22-31.

p. 23. Theburialdateof thehoardinquestion( I GC H 1299-1300 hasbeen

pp. 23-24.

p. 24. Seea lsoSeyrig Trisors pp. 35-36 122.

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oricCoinage

alificationthatthecistophoriccoinagewasnota federalcurrency

of thek ingdomofPergamum. 40

alsoarguedfor190 B .C.astheprobabledateofinception of

butinhisv iew thereplacementofA tticw eightco inageat

horiwasonlytemporary.B oehringerpostulatedarevivalof

rom164to140B . C . w ithPergameneA le andertypesand

ultaneously.Thishypothesishaslittleto recommenditand

ob ectiveevidencewhichrenderstheproposalunacceptable.41

ntthepossibility ofthesimultaneousissuanceofAttic

nsbyP ergamum theconsensusregardingthebeginningof

out190mustnow bebroughtintoq uestion.Newevidence

nceagainnecessitatesacompletereconsiderationofthecir-

eintroductionof thecistophorusinAsiaMinor.

ofevidencewaspublishedby Seyrighimselfonlytwoyears

istophori ues appeared.42A hoardof752tetradrachmsburiedat

190-188B . C . contained22PergameneP hile taerusand

msofWestermark sGroupV I , butnotasinglespecimenf rom

rigrecogni ed theGroupV I I piecesmusthavebeenstruck af ter

kpostulatedonlysevenyearsfor thisgroup buttheminimum

reversemarksstruck fromonly24obversediessuggests

upV I piecesw ereprobably issuedovera longerperiod

tw odecades.44I nanycase theredatingof the latestPhile -

ost-Apameiadateforthe earliestcistophori ifthecistophori

ndthe twotypeswerenotstruckconcurrently.

cistophoricreversedievariationspresentedin thisvolume

betestedob ectivelyforthefirsttime.45I twillbe noticed

ergamenecistophorithereareonlytwocaseswherethe

hoseof theP hile taerustetradrachms( P late I , 2-9 . I n

singmagistrateisAZ .Thesharedmarksappearsolelyon the

sandonthefirst P ergamenecistophori.Accordingtothe

a lso fe ltthatthecistophoricstandardw asincompatiblew iththeA tticstan-

thatthecistophorusof12.5gm wasdesignedtocomplementtheR oman

edenariio f4.1gm . Seea lsoWill I I , p. 192andC arrataThomes pp. 11-13.

-14 40-50. Seea lsomyreview A A 1973 pp. 353-54. Thee istenceofA t-

ssionsbetween181 and167isattestedby thepresenceoftwoMedusa/

sintheSit ichorohoard(lGC H 237 . L eR ider R N1973 pp. 66-79 esp.

etrisordeMek tepinienPhrygie . Theva lidityofSey rig sargumentregarding

I issueshasbeendoubtedbyW. Schwabacher Gnomon1967 pp. 423-24.

. 14 2 9 -3 1 .

1ff . B oehringer p. 13.

rsinthecatalogueofP ergamenecistophori belowpp.22-40.Seemy

p. 353-54.

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inage

theA Z cistophoriwouldhavebeenstruck in190 theA Z

roupV I I ) a f ter164. Thisisclearly impossible . TheA Z pieces

eAtticandcistophoricweightsystemsappearto haveover-

rtw o aperiodbare ly suf f icienttoac ua intthepopulacew ith

hentheAttic weightemissionsceased.Ane actparallelis

troductionofthedecimal systeminGreatB ritainwhere for

dnewpencecirculatedtogether.D uringthattimebothforms

randprices wereq uotedaccordingtobothsystems.

rminefromeitherinternalorhoardevidencepreciselywhen

netypesandweightstandardstookplace.Theterminuspost

a llowingonlysevenyearsforGroupV I I , a lthoughca. 170B . C .

ardsburiedduringthedecade150-140B .C.48containmanyva-

rgamum E phesus Sardes Tra lles A pameiaandLaodice ia

avebeenintroducedbeforeca.160B .C.Within thisperiod

cesseemsto fulfilltheconditionsunderwhicha coinageas

wouldhavebeeninstituted althoughitmustberemembered

donotalwayscoincidewithpolitical events.

gedPergameneterritory in168B . C . A tta lusI I w assentto

47TheR omansw ere how ever unw ill ingtoofferanysupportto

ationsenttodiscouragethe Gaulsonlyservedtointensifytheir

menecountrysideandslaughteringofcaptives.R omananimos-

lsorecordedina lettero fA tta lusI inw hichhementions

onandbanefulsuspicion theR omans" fe ltaga instmybroth-

altyandsimilarR omaneffortstoweakenhispowercaused

ourney to I ta ly in167. Thesenaterefused how ever torece ive

eforthnokings wouldbeallowedtoenterthe cityofR ome.

oencouragethe AsiaticGaulsandE umeneswasforcedto

once w herew ithoutR omansupporthew asagainabletode-

962( I GC H 1452and1453 , be low pp. 107-13. Thedateof the latter

esenceofdatableAtticweightcoins aswellascistophori.

w hichfollow sisdraw nf romP olybius29-31 L ivy45andthere levant

entsourcescited inthenotes.I havealsoreliedheavilyonthefollowing

sesources: U . Wilck en " A tta los " R E 2( 1896 , co ls. 2168-77 G. C ardina li

ome 1906 F . Stahelin Geschichlederk le inasiatischenGalater 2nded.

. W i l l ri ch " E u m en es " R E 6 ( 1 90 9 , c ol s. 1 09 0- 10 5 G . D e S an ct is " E u m en es I I e

" R i v i l 1 92 5 p p . 6 8- 7 8 M . R o s t ov t e f f " P e r ga m um a n d " R h o d e s D e l os

ce " C A H 8( 1930 , pp. 590-667andTheSocialandE conomicH istoryof the

n d ed . O x f o rd 1 9 52 F . H i l le r v on G a er t ri n ge n " R h o d o s " R E S u p p l. 5

8 40 W . Z s c he it s ch ma nn " P e r g am on " R E 1 9 ( 1 9 37 , c ol s. 1 23 5 63 E . V .

o f P e r g am on I t h ac a 1 9 47 D . M a g i e R o m a n R u l e i n As i a Mi n or P r i nc e to n

a n d G. E . B e a n T h e R h o di a n P e r ae a a nd I s l an d s O x f o rd 1 9 54 E . B a d ia n

f o rd 1 9 58 R . B . M c Sh a ne T h e F o r ei g n P o l i cy o f t he A t la l id s o f P e r ga m um

hcomprehensivebibliography todate .

6 1 1 1 .1 4 -1 5 .

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oricCoinage

umenesI emergesasthechampionof theGreek sofA sia

bius R ome sattempttonull if yE umenes v ictoryoverthe

atterfree andindependent andthesendingofa commission-

aintsagainsttheking onlyunitedtheGreeksbehindthe

emoresevere ly theR omanstreatedEumenes thegreaterw as

ek s. 49A f tertherebuff inI ta ly the I onianLeaguedeclared

enefactoro f theGreek s andthank edhimforhis" manygreat

ans...inorder thattheinhabitantsoftheGreek cities

and prosperity. TheI oniansalsovotedhimagolden

rectagildedstatueof thek inginany I oniancityhechose and

brationoftheirdeliverancefromthe barbarians.I nhisreply

forthestatue himselfandaskedthatitbe placedatMiletus.50

dthekingfor defeatingtheGalatiansandinstitutedP ana-

nhishonor.61Coscreateda priesthoodforhisworshipwith

onor.62Teosand Cy icusinauguratedworshipofE umenes

teda priestfortheworshipof theking swife.63Allthese

ergameneroyalfamilyweregenuinee pressionsofgratitudeto

scallsthegreatestroyalbenefactortothe Greekcitiesofhis

theadoptionofnewcointypescelebratingthe twodeities

es f romw homtheA tta lidsclaimeddescent seemsperfectlyap-

ngtofindthatthe e pandednumberofcitieswhichnow

enedesignincludesI onianEphesus andTrallesandSardes

atedre ligiousfestivalsinhonorofEumenesI I .

saccordedE umenesatthistimedonot however accountfor

tothecistophoricweightstandard.Thenewsystemis not

ophorushasbeendescribedas asilverpieceofreduced Chianor

adidrachmontheA eginetanstandard andasthreeA tticdrachms

. Metro logica lTablesI I andI I I ( be low pp. 128and129 demon-

eof itsintroduction thecistophorusw asintendedtobeasilver

0gm thedrachmsanddidrachmsweretoweighabout3.05

66Thenewcistophorictetradrachmwasthuse ualinweight

2. 1 1 . 8- 1 3 D i t te n be r ge r O G S n o . 76 3 . Se e H o l l ea u , R E G 1 9 24 p p .

1 8 81 p . 3 85 D i t t e nb e rg e r O G S n o . 30 5 1 1 . 7- 1 2 R o b e r t R e v . P h i l 1 9 3 4

G3no. 1028.

S n o s. 3 0 8- 9 3 2 5.

era lrulethatHellenisticdrachmsanddidrachmsw eighlessthanoneq uarter

tofatetradrachm.Thismayperhapsbe accountedforbythefactthat it

pensivetoproducefourdrachmsthana singletetradrachm.Theaddition-

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


26/180

inage

about4. 2gmeach thef ractiona lcistophoriarenearlye ua l

struckbyR hodesafter166B .C.6

enew co insw ereconse uentlyeasy tocalculate buttheap-

stophoricweightsystemdid notresultinthe acceptanceof

nationalcurrencyto rivaltheAtticweightcoinagesof the

thecontrary thecistophorusisa loca lcurrency rare ly found

tory.F oreigncoinsarealmostunknownincistophoric hoards.

seemstohavecreatedamonetarymonopo lyby the introductionof the

furtherconsolidatinghispoliticalsupremacyin AsiaMinorthrough

pwasverylikelytakenafterthe defeatoftheGalatiansand

amenedynasticcultsintheGreekcities ofAsiaMinorin 166B .C.68

enoffsetbystrikingthefractionalpiecesat slightlylessthantheir

heR omandenariusisunlik elyand asB roughton p. 557recogni ed

threedenariinormallyw eighed180± gra ins( 11. 644grammes anda

andrachmae of fullw eightconta ined192± gra ins( 12. 441grammes , the

changelayw iththeR omancoinsanditbecomesdif f iculttoe pla inthe

urvivalofthecistophoruse ceptonthegroundof Asianconservatism

nsapparentlydemandedsomeotheradvantagesalsoforthedenariusin

cistophoricco inagew asbegunin166B . C . asI havesuggested aw eightstan-

ne w ithabuilt- inpro f itfo rtheR omans isevenhardertoaccept inv iew

ergamenerelationsatthattime.

25.AtticorR hodianweightpieceswhichreachedcitieswherecistophoric

ap p ar e nt l y me l te d d ow n a nd r e st r uc k . P l a t es X V , 1 X V I , 1 X X I I I . 1 2

ecistophoristruck overoneThasianandtw oMacedoniantetradrachms anda

allesstruckovera R hodiandidrachm.TheAtticpiecesweretrimmedto

cweightbeforerestriking theunalteredTralles/R hodesoverstrikewas

r(pl. l 16 andusedasev idenceforthecompatabilityo f thetwow eight

oren " p. 551 . I discussedthefouroverstrik esinA NSMN1972 pp. 30-32.

stillberaised thatL ivymentionscistophoriinthetriumphsof M.Acilius

s GnaeusManliusV ulsoandA emiliusR egil lus. How everina lessof ten

52. 5 L ivystatesthatinthetriumphofF lamininusin194B . C . " therew ere

d" tetrachma andtheweightof silverinthemisaboute uivalenttothree

vy sconceptionof theA ttictetradrachmisobv iously inaccurate he isa

withrespecttothe othercoinshementions especiallysinceheisour only

siancistophorus. SeeNoe A NSMN1950 pp. 29-31. F orL ivy sreference

8 . 1 1 .1 6 s e e Th o ms e n I , p . 3 1.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


27/180 C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


28/180


29/180

S

half -openlid f romw hichaserpentissuesto l. a llw ithin

tswithheadserect betweenthemanornamentedbow-case

conta iningastrungbow . To l. e thnic asbe low

ms

halion ssk inisdraped a llw ithinaw reath.

placeduponav ine leaf . To l. e thnic asbe low othermark s

nicareemployed:

Arabicnumeralsindicateobversedies numberedconsecu-

ercaselettersindicatereversedieswithin oneseries.E ntries

eillustrated.All entriesaretetradrachmsunlessotherwise

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


30/180

1 66 - 1 60 B . C .

t o r . t h yr s us h o ri o n ta l .

2 .5 0 f ( P l a te I , 5

s hori ontal.

S N G 41 3 1 2 .4 2 f ( P l a te I , 6

ah 1 95 2 8 , 1 2. 57 ( P l a t eI , 7 ;

r t

il h is a r 19 6 3 2 8 , 1 2 .4 6 /

be low w hich E SorA Z

e s i lh is ar 1 96 3 2 7 , 1 2. 69 f. E S ( P l a t eI , 8

f. A Z ( P l a t eI , 9

9 58 1 , 1 2. 4 3 . A Z

A Z ( P l a te I , 1 0

tophoristruckatP ergamumallbearthemark( eitherE 2

atewhosupervisedthetransitionfromthe Attic-weightreg-

stophoricco ins. B othS3andA Z , asw ellasathird

curonthe latestP hile taerustypesidentif iedbyWestermark1

TheenclosureofA Z inarectangularf ramedoesnotrecurinany

egnalorthecistophoricpieces andtherecanbeno doubtthat

arethefirstto beissuedatP ergamum.F urtherconfirma-

thethyrsusassymbolin Series1 amarkalsoappearingon

ieces andontheuni uetetradrachmw iththeportraito fE ume-

1 ; a n d fr o m th e e a c t du p li c at i on o f t he A Z a n d d o lp h in o n t he

radrachms( P late I , 3-4and8 . Thecommonmarkingsprob-

arortwo thetwoserieswereproducedsimultaneouslyin

blicwiththenew typeofmoney .

wthe signsofe perimentationinformatwhichmarkany

arliestPergamenepieces( Seriesla donotevenbearthe

V , 8 -9 1 1 X V I , 1 - 3 .

I I I , 1 0- 12 X I V , 1 -2 .

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


31/180

pearsonallsubse uentissues. Thisisnotstrange fora l-

stanceonthecistophori 3itconformstothesystemtheninuse

. Themagistrate smark isinthe lef tf ie ld noethnicw asused

ethe typesthemselvesproclaimedtheirP ergameneorigin.

ea li ed how ever thatinordertodistinguishtheP ergamene

eothercit ies amintmark hadtobeincluded forthetypes

The markchosenwasamonogramcomprisingthefirst

eethnic placedeitherhori ontally ( rf ) o ronitsside( ^ )

lbretainsthethyrsus ofSerieslabutsubstitutesthe ethnic

b o th t h e et h ni c a nd E S a r e p r es e nt a n d in S e ri e s 3 n , E D

do lphin area llused.

ationsinformat thesefirste perimenta lstrik ingsvaryw ith

thicknessof theflan althoughtheweightisrestrictedto

2.7gmwhichis characteristicofalltheseries discussedin

cut bytwoengraverswhosestylesaresharplydifferen-

, 5-7w ith8-10 . B othhandsare identif iableonlaterP erga-

nahhoardofca.128B .C.issurprisinglywellpreserved al-

nsinthe Y esilhisarhoardof130B .C.andtheB ahkesirhoard

nsofconsiderablewear.

ranch hori onta l.

2 .6 1 / ( P l a te I , 1 1 ; N e wY o r k p r i v at e c ol l . ( H i r sc h

, 12. 50/ . Pa lmcurveddow nw ard

92 12. 63f . Pa lmcurveddownw ard

pierced . P a lmcurveddow nw ard

.5 6 /. P a l m c u rv e d up w ar d ( P l a te I , 1 2

upright. P inder82.

P l at e I , 1 3

M a y 12 - 13 1 9 70 2 4 8 = F e u a rd e nt D e c . 1 9 1 9 21 1 4 1 1 2 . 56 /

placedhori onta lly .

M C 8 7 1 2 .6 9f ( P l a t eI I , 2

G409 12. 54f

or 1 96 2 3 0 , 1 2. 59 ( P l a t eI I , 3

ceptionofSardes-SynnadaSeries7.

hecistophoripriorto128B . C . byweight seeTable I I , be low p. 128.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


32/180

inage

. 5 6f ( P l a te I I , 4

G1367 12. 29 B erlin12. 60

.9 7 f. S t ar b e lo w ea g le ( P l a te I I , 5

S N G 13 6 8 1 2 . 0 8. E a g le o n f ul m en s t ar a b ov e ( P l a te I I , 6

s hori ontal.

ia M in or 1 92 8 1 , 1 2. 59 f ( P l at e I I , 7

t c o ll . 1 2. 4 3 ; B o u r g ey M a rc h 1 0 1 9 76 9 2 1 2 .5 1

1 5 ( N a v il l e A p r. 4 1 9 21 2 2 59 , 1 2 .5 8 f

no r 19 62 3 1 , 1 2. 66 f ( P l at e I I , 8

G7462 12. 41

4215 12. 29f

. 82f

si r 19 58 2 , 1 2. 41 f ( P l at e I I , 9 ; H a g ue 1 1. 84 f

8 6 1 2 .3 9 f ( p i e rc e d

10 ( P l a te I I , 1 0

s il h is a r 19 6 3 2 , 1 2 .6 0

. 2 0 1 9 32 2 1 1

S N G 4 12 1 2 .6 6 f ( P l a te I I , 1 1

1 2. 67 ( P l a t e I I , 1 2

s dh i sa r 1 96 3 1 1 2 .6 1 / Co mm e rc e ( B a h k e si r 1 95 8 3

ss - e u A p r. 7 1 9 6 0 2 0 3 , 5 .8 5f ( P l at e I I , 1 3 ; P a ri s 6 . 08

u p ri g ht b e lo w r . r f i

a hori ontal.

1 2. 69 ( P l a t eI I I , 1 ; v on A ul oc k S NG 7 46 1 1 2. 63

S N G 97 0 1 2 .6 8 f C o pe n ha g en S N G 41 1 1 2 .4 5 f L o n do n

.0 4

M C 9 1 1 2. 49 f ( P l at e I I I , 2

ance

/ ( P l at e I I I , 3

1 9 35 1 6 1

f ( P l at e I I I , 4

67 f ( p i er ce d ( P l a t e I I I , 5 C om me rc e ( B a hk es ir 1 95 8 4

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


33/180

seriesinacontinuousdie-linkedse uence.Series4( palm

ies2byobversedieP 2. Series5( club sharesobverseP 5w ith

ries6( eagle . The latterisk nowninthreevariantsandis

uceus bydieP9. Series7and8( amphora shareobverseP 16.

hatmightotherwisebesurmisedfrom thecommonformat

hee ceptionof theclubofSeries5 a llthesymbolsare

evenwhenthisresultsina configurationascuriousastheeagle

de ortheamphorawithits opentoptotheright. The

everthelesspara lle lstheplacementof theethnic() and

planationforthepositionofthe symbols.Suchanorientation

mononthecistophoriofother mintswheretheethnicreads

T R A A e t c. a n d on t h e P e r ga m en e f ra c ti o ns w h er e t he

ta l ly t h e sy mb o l is u p ri g ht ( P l a te I I 1 3 .

mmonsymbolsatTralles( Series2 7 31 35 40and41 .

donthepieces ofE phesusSeries8andthe caduceusand

iaSeries2and7asw ell. Thehori ontalthy rsus amphora

rlysymbolsonthecistophoriof SardesandSynnada( Series

7and8arestruck f romf ive si andf iveobversediesrespective-

earlier issues.Theincreaseinoutputperhapsreflects agreater

aftera cautiousintroductioninsmallnumbers.V eryfew

till incirculationwhentherecordedcistophorichoards were

. .

1 60 -1 50 B . C .

placedhori onta lly .

M C 8 8 1 2. 55 f ( P l at e I I I , 6 ; v on A ul oc k S NG 7 45 9 1 2. 47

1 9 62 1 5 5 = K r e s s N o v. 3 0 1 9 61 1 9 8 1 2 . 3 C om me r ce ( B a h k es i r 19 5 8 5

na h 1 95 2 9 , 6 . 13 . B e l o w l. o w l up r ig h t b e lo w r . r t

7

; t o r. s ta g ( ? ) r .

at eI I I , 8

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


34/180

inage

yotherP ergameneseriesbutclearlybelongsamongthe

ofthehori ontalorientationoftheowl.Series10 represented

hm maybeanearly issuebecauseof the irregularformof the

(( * E ) w hichdoesnotrecure lsew here. Onthedidrachmsof

symbolareplacedinan uprightposition.

-orch hori ontal. P inder84a.

1 2 .5 9 f ( P l a te I I I , 9

36 ; Munich

1 96 2 3 2 , 1 2 .6 4 ; C o mm e rc e

9 0 1 2 .4 5 f

4213 12. 39f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 9 , 1 2 .5 5

30f. D oublestruck

r ch h o ri o n ta l b e lo w l. # . P i n de r 8 4a .

12.19f.O bversedieidenticaltoSardes-Synnada10

bversedieidenticaltoSardes-Synnada10

silhisar1963 18 , 12. 51\ . O bversedie identica ltoSar-

M in o r 19 2 8 2 , 1 2 .5 3

6 6/ ( P l a te I I I , 1 1 ; A N S- S tr a us s 1 2. 7 8f

at eI I I , 1 2

1 2 .1 8 . I m p r es s o f ci r cu l ar d i e ( P l a te I I I , 1 3

inder83.

a tt o F e b . 8 1 92 8 5 90 , 1 2. 25 f ( P l at e I V , 1 ; L o nd on

e s il h is a r 19 6 3 5 , 1 2 .6 2 V S i r a ys

57f . Si rays

G7463 12. 38. Si rays

a te c o ll . 1 2 .3 4 f. S i r a ys C o mm e rc e ( B a h k es i r 19 5 8 6 . S i r a ys

65 ; B erlin 12. 42. E ightrays

f . Eightrays

S N G 97 1 1 2 .6 1 \ . E i g h t r ay s

0. 96 . E i g ht r ay s ( P l at e I V , 2

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


35/180

11 werebothknowntoP inder.E achhasforsymbola

sside. Serieslibhasasmallmonogram( A ) inthe lowerle f t

ndedasSynnadaandisused onthecistophoriofthat city.

S e ri e s li b ( P 2 4 P l a te I I I , 1 0 i s i de n ti c al t o a S ar d es - Sy n -

P lateX X X , 3 w hichisassociatedw ithasw ordonthereverses.

sastarintherightf ield amark w hichisa lsousedonthecisto-

andislinkedto theswordseries.Theimplicationsofthis

ssedinthe sectiononSardes-Synnada.

o fgrapes.

2. 66 f ( P l at e I V , 3

grain. P inder81.

( P l a t eI V , 4 ; A NS -S tr au ss 1 2. 58 f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 3 , 1 2 .6 7 f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 4 , 1 2 .6 2

9 12. 55

e 25 - 28 1 9 63 4 2 9 ( A s i a Mi n or 1 9 62 3 3

si r 19 58 7 , 1 2 . 52 ( P l a t eI V , 5

. 54f B erlin12. 22

1 9 58 8 , 1 2 .4 2 /

0

G406 12. 42f

4214 12. 57f

ove l. sty lis hori ontal rf omittedoroff f lanto l.

to anyotherP ergameneseries buttheirplacementinthe

.Theycertainlyprecede Series23 inwhichacomplicationin

ced andSeries20-22 w hicharese uentia llydie link edto

ergameneissuesofsingle-symbolformat theymustcome

arksareorientedvertically thetwospecimensofSeries15

eine ce llentcondit ion andtheSeries14piecef romthe1962

omparablywellpreserved.Thebunchofgrapesand earof

nthecistophorio fSardes( Series10and11 andareclose in

re.5Abunchof grapesisusedlaterat P ergamuminSeries29

f theSardesse uencetothatofPergamum seethediscussionunderSardes-

be low p. 126.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


36/180

inage

thedrachmsanddidrachmsof allthecistophoricmints.

arsonthecistophoriofTralles( Series12and47 .

ndf low er placedhori onta lly .

a eI V , 7

G410 12. 59f

o fA thenar. increstedhelmet.

8 ( P l a te I V , 8 ; A N S -S t ra u ss 1 1 . 7 9

. ho ldingw reath. P inder78.

1 2. 17 ( P l a t eI V , 9 ; M un ic h

G403 12. 22f

p i er c ed

tsta ff .

r iv a te c o ll . 1 2 .0 3 ( P l a te I V , 1 0 ; S c h u lm a n M a y 6 -7

dwithonlytwo obversedies bothverycloseinstyle and

hatengraveddiesP 3and4.The beeandflowerofSeries16

yasonmanyof theearlyP ergameneissues. I nSeries17-19

a singleobversedie thesymbolsareplacedvertically

ergamenemint.TheflowerofSeries16alsoappears onthe

Series13 . TheA thenaheadandNik earebothusedassymbols

d24 ; Nik e isanEphesiancistophoricmark aswell( Series23 .

16 becomesthecivicbadgeofP ergamumafter123B .C.

ndisa lsousedonsomelatedatedcistophorio fSardes.

sedieforSeries17-19indicatesthat theywereofveryshort

smallnumbers orboth.Thecontrastwiththelarge outputof

1isstriking. I t isunlik ely thatthereversesymbolswhichdistinguish

orperiodic emissionsandwouldbesynonymouswithdates

now n. If eachsymbolrepresentedaperiodofe ua lduration the

ermsofthe cistophoriissuedduringasingleP ergamene

in fact toogreattobeaccountedfor byeconomicfactors.

ere ected.I tishereassumedthat theP ergamenemarksare

agistratesandconnotepersonalcontrolduringvaryingterms

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


37/180

1 50 -1 40 B . C .

eath.

esilhisar1963 29 , 12. 52f . Obversedie identica ltoA pa-

1 1

a.

12. 44f . L eafonside obversedie identicaltoA pameia17

. 57f . L eafdownw ard obversedie identicaltoA pa-

p r iv a te c o ll . ( S o th e by A p r. 2 2 1 9 70 1 9 0 = H e l bi n g No v. 8

39 . L e a f do wn wa rd ( P l a t eI V , 1 3

2 .4 8 f ( P l a te V , 1 ; C o mm e rc e . L e a f up w ar d

a M i no r 1 92 8 3 , 1 2 .5 6 f. L e a f do w nw ar d ( P l a te V , 2

opiae. P inder80.

2. 50 f ( P l at e V , 3

1 2 .6 0 / ( P l a te V , 4 ; A N S- S tr a us s 1 2 .5 6 /

G404 12. 44f

G405 12. 60f

s ia M i no r 1 92 8 4 , 1 2 .5 5 f ( P l a te V , 5

eachotherandtothe serieswhichfollowandtheirpo-

ese uence iscerta in. Series20isknow ninasinglespecimen

d. I tssymbol aw reath isirregularlyplacedintheupperle f t

itisimpossibleto determinewhetherthiswastheformatused

seriesorwhetherthe oneknowndieise ceptionalandre-

roducedby theengraver. Theobverse( P 38 isa lsousedin

dApameiaSeries18 andonceagaindocumentsthesharingof

ties.7Thewreathisalso usedforApameiaSeries17 E phesus

milarly locatedonthereverses andTrallesSeries8 9 and34.

eacommoncistophoricsymbol itappearsinE phesus

s13andApameiaSeries 19.

ergamum-Apameialinkagearediscussedin thesectiononApameia.

ow p. 126.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


38/180

inage

hn.

s i lh is ar 1 96 3 2 0 , 1 2. 61 \ ( P l a t eV , 6

bversedie identicaltoA pameia24( P lateV , 7

aMinor1928 5 , 12. 60/ . Obversedie identicalto

s ia M i no r 1 92 8 7 , 1 2 .6 7 f ( P l a te V , 8

n or 1 9 62 3 4 , 1 2 . 73 f ( P l a t e V , 9

l h is a r 19 6 3 2 4 , 1 2 .5 3 f

2 6 1 9 74 9 5 1 2 .3 8

s i a M in o r 19 2 8 6 , 1 2 . 66 f ( P l a te V , 1 0

s il h is a r 19 6 3 2 5 , 1 2 .6 7

or 1 9 62 3 5 , 1 2 .6 7 f

N G 74 6 0 1 2 .5 5 I s t an b ul ( Y e s il h is a r 19 6 3 2 2 , 1 2 .4 7 f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 2 3 , 1 2 .5 3 f

ke si r 19 58 9 , 1 2. 57 / ( P l at e V , 1 1

S N G 41 4 1 2 .3 3 f ( p i e r ce d ( P l a te V , 1 2

McC lean7697 12. 38f . Obversedie identica ltoA pameia28

1928 8-13 B ahk esir1958 10

hn inl. serpentco il prow r.

2 .4 8 / ( P l a te V I , 2

f

P l at e V I , 3

s il h is a r 19 6 3 2 1 , 1 2 .6 8 /

K r e ss S e pt . 1 6- 1 7 1 9 57 4 7

1 95 2 7 , 1 2 .6 1

in b e lo w l . M b e lo w r . A . 8

N G 4 1 5 1 2 . 6 2f ( P l a te V I , 4

dthyrsus. P inder77.

si r 19 58 1 1 , 1 2. 54 f ( P l at e V I , 5 ;

1 2 , 1 2 .3 9 f

1 95 8 1 3 , 1 2 .7 0 f

G407 12. 41f vonA ulock , SNG1366 12. 38

il h is a r 19 6 3 8 , 1 2 .5 2 /

rietyof thisseriesinhisco llectionw ith1+1inthe le f tserpentcoil( SNR ,

. Thispiecew asnotillustratedandisotherw iseunk now n.

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


39/180

s il h is a r 19 6 3 9 , 1 2 .5 0 / N e wY o r k p r iv at e c ol l . 1 2 .6 7 /

no r 19 55 1 , 1 2. 50 f ( P l at e V I , 6 ; I s ta nb ul ( Y e s i lh is ar

fT o l . S

s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 1 , 1 2 .6 f

n or 1 9 62 3 6 , 1 2 . 69 f ( P l a t e V I , 7 ; C o m me r ce ( A s ia M i no r

s t an b ul ( Y e s i l hi s ar 1 9 63 6 - 7 , 1 2 .6 7 f 1 2 .3 2 f. O b v e r se d i e

958 14 , 12. 68f . Obversedie identicaltoA pameia28

1 2. 61 /( P l a te V I , 8

i l h is a r 19 6 3 1 2 , 1 2 .6 0 f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 3 , 1 2 .5 4 f

NG408 12. 37f

1 9 66 2 8 4

1 9 58 1 5 , 1 2 .5 5 f

1 97 0 1 , 1 2 .4 7 f

2. 39f

50f

si r 19 58 1 6 , 1 2. 55 f ( P l at e V I , 9

8 9 1 2 .5 3 f

1 2 .7 2 f ( P l a te V I , 1 0

G7457 12. 80

A s ia M in or 1 92 8 1 4 , 1 2. 61 f ( P l at e V I , 1 1

9 f

s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 4 , 1 2 .7 0 f

e s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 5 , 1 2 .5 4 f

e s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 6 , 1 2 .6 2 f

12. 37f . Obversedie identica ltoA pameia37(P lateV I , 12

es ir 1 95 8 1 7 , 1 2. 61 f ( P l at e V I I , 1

sr 1 95 8 1 8 , 1 2 .7 1 f

ia M in or 1 92 8 1 5 , 1 2. 59 . T oI . S

1 95 5 2 , 1 2 .6 5 f B e r l i n 1 2 .7 1 . To l . ^

p i er c ed . T o l . 3 -

35 . To l . ^ ( P l a t eV I I , 2

uss 12. 24f . To l. rf t obversedie identicaltoA pameia38

3

19 5 8 1 9 , 1 2 .5 9 C o mm e rc e ( A s i a M in o r 19 2 8 1 6 -2 2

C r e a



u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


40/180

inage

dthyrsus inl. serpentco il prow r.

2. 38 / ( P l at e V I I , 4

P l at e V I I , 5 ; A NS ( K r e s s M a y 30 1 96 2 3 72 = A si a

2 .4 7 f

2 1 9 76 1 2 6 1 2 .4 5

dthy rsus overw hich prow l.

S N G 74 5 8 1 2 . 58 ( P l a te V I I , 6 C om m er c e ( B a h ke s ir 1 9 58 2 0

dthyrsus be low l. A . 9

S N G 74 6 4 1 2 . 62 ( P l a te V I I , 7 C om m er c e ( B a h ke s ir 1 9 58 2 1

edthyrsusbetweenAand A.

e s i lh is ar 1 96 3 2 6 , 1 2. 59 / ( P l at e V I I , 8

dthyrsus abovew hich N

es ir 1 95 8 2 2 , 1 2. 37 f ( P l at e V I I , 9

wninseveralvariantsandare byfarthemostfre uently

ergamenecistophori.Thesurvivalrateisnotthe result

curate ly ref lectstheproductionrate inanti uity . Thetw o

d22obverse and24and45 reversediesrespectivelyand

ergamenecistophoricissuesofnearlyadecade.The

eriesisso fre uentandsocomplicatedthatthe dolphin

havebeenusedsimultaneouslyratherthanconsecu-

medbythe formatofthereversediesin thetwoseries.

trates init ialsareoccasionallyplacedto le f tandrightinthe low er

eries23cand24d . I nSeries23band24b adiminutiveprow is

bolandplaced inthelowercoilof theleftserpent inSeries

erthethyrsus.

prowhaveanysignificancewithregardtothe P ergamene

iecesofSeries24a( 54-h ine ce llentcondit ionw ere inthe1962

ngthe latestpiecespresent.Theduplicationofpaireddies

nthat hoardandindicatesthatthe fiveP ergamenespecimens

rietyofthisseries inhiscollectionwith AbelowleftandA belowright

no. 70 . Thepiecew asnotil lustrated. TheB alikesirandvonA ulock specimens

nto therightandmayalso bethyrsusandA -Atypes.

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ustpriortoburial. ThedatableAttic-weightpiecesinthe1962

s 150B .C.andtheP ergamenecistophoriwiththyrsusas

50-140B .C.Suchadatecoincideswith theperiodimmediate-

atofAndriscus in148B .C.10anditistemptingto associate

riw iththisevent. I nanycase a f terthedefeato fP rusiasof

ndthesubse uentpaymentof the indemnity forw ardamages 11

hemostpowerfulfleetintheGreekeast anditwouldnotbe

to thisnavalsupremacyintheP ergamenecoinage.

umentthereintroductionofmagistrates monogramsor

nesilver.Series23cincludestheletters M-A tolowerleftand

s24d hasaA tolowerleft possiblyasecondletteris off

es24e A andA f lank thethy rsusandprobably indicatethe

etheN ofSeries24f isabovethesymbol. Suchirregularity in

coftheinitial stagesofalmostanychangeinformat andhas

hrespecttothe designoftheearliestcistophoricreverses.

46 54 69and75area lsousedforthecistophorio fA pameia

Afilleted thyrsusisthedistinguishingmarkof TrallesSeries18.

1 39 -1 36 B . C .

onianhelmetfacing.

s ia M in or 1 92 8 2 3 , 1 2. 79 ( P l a t eV I I , 1 0 C om me rc e ( A s ia M in or 1 92 8 2 4

tdhelmetl.

r i v at e c ol l . ( A s i a Mi n or 1 9 71 1 , 1 2 .4 3 . T o l . s i ; o b -

am e ia 4 0 ( P l a te V I I 1 1

a t to F e b . 8 1 9 2 8 5 8 9 , 1 2 .4 5

s ia M in or 1 92 8 2 5 , 1 2. 78 /. T ol . S ( P l a t eV I I , 1 2

.

.6 4f ( P l at e V I I I , 1

o1. S

s ia M in or 1 92 8 2 6 , 1 2 .6 5 ( P l a t eV I I I , 2

s il h is a r 19 6 3 1 7 , 1 2 .8 7 t

7f ( pierced

( p i e rc e d

riscusandhisdefeatby theR omanssupportedbyaPergamenefleet

4. 2 P ausanias7. 13. 1 16. 1.8 andPo lybius36.10 36. 17. 13-14.

derA pameiaandTable I be low p. 126.

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ina

the early cistophoric coinage / by fred s. kleiner and sydney p. noe

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