The Early Middle

Ages

SOL WHI.11

Early Middle Ages in Europe Early Middle Ages- 400-800. Unofficial ending of Roman Empire (476

C.E.) start of Middle Ages. Rome was in ruins.

Germanic tribes control former Roman Empire. Constantly at war.

Middle Ages = Dark Ages = Medieval Age

Germanic Tribes Ostrogoths - Italy Franks - Northern Gaul (France) Burgundians - Southern

France/Switzerland Visigoths - Southern Gaul and Spain Vandals - Africa Angles and Saxons - England Magyars – Northeast Europe

Franks Franks would emerge as the

most powerful of these tribes. In the 500’s Clovis united the

Franks. stretched his kingdom

throughout Gaul (modern-day France).

Converted to Christianity. Gained support from Roman

Catholic Church

Franks As a result from the threat of

Muslim attacks, the Franks reunited under Charles Martel, the son of Pepin the Middle.

Charles Martel (714-741) defeated the Muslims in 732 at the Battle of Tours.

Charlemagne Charles the Great

(Charlemagne) took over. Grandson of Charles Martel.

In 800, Charlemagne helped put down a rebellion in Rome led by Roman nobles.

On Christmas Day of 800, Charlemagne was crowned “Emperor of Rome” by Pope Leo III.

Reason

Charlemagne helped to unite most of Europe under Christianity and single government. Had support of Roman Catholic Church.

He tried to reestablish the Roman Empire. While this was unsuccessful he did have some

accomplishments: He spread Christianity. He promoted Education and Learning.

Charlemagne as Emperor

Charlemagne as Emperor

Charlemagne died in 814.

After his death his grandsons divided up the empire into three smaller empires (Treaty of Verdun).

Remembered for blending traditions of Romans, Germans, and Christians. (cultural diffusion)

Charlemagne Song

After song, look over notes for mini review

Mini Review Who took over the old Roman Empire lands?

(General answer) Locations of the Anglo-Saxons and Franks. Charles Martel tribe Charles Martel defeated who and where? Who crowned Charlemagne emperor of Rome?

WHY? Treaty of Verdun

VikingViking (intro vid)

What comes to mind?

Vikings Vikings were a group of people

that came from Northern Europe. (Scandinavia)

They were not a united group of people.

One leader would get together several ships and some people and go on a raid.

They were very skilled on water.

Throughout the late 700’s through the 900’s they wreaked havoc on Europe.

Vikings (videos) Vikings used long wooden ships that

allowed them to go far inland on streams and rivers.

Who else, besides the Vikings, were known for their sailing abilities?

Vikings

Europe in Trouble Following the fall of Charlemagne’s

empire, invasions occurred throughout Europe. Europe was invaded by Magyars, Vikings,

and Muslims. This led to people needing to defend

their lands and homes. As a result, feudalism began.

Feudalism (Video) Feudalism is a social system where king’s give

nobles fiefs (land) in exchange for soldiers to serve the king. Nobles give the land to vassals to manage, who distribute the work to serfs (peasants) in exchange for protection.

The land lords were granted by the king was known as a fief.

Manors - villages which made up the kingdom of the king.How did a Feudal society develop in Europe

during the Middle Ages?

Feudal Society1. King - monarch who ruled the kingdom.2. Lords/Nobles - controlled manors and pledged

loyalty and soldiers to the king.3. Vassals - lesser lords who managed the

manors or fiefs. 4. Knights – horseback warriors who protected

the land of the lords.5. Serfs/Peasants – lived on and worked the land

owned by vassals.

Write this Write this

How did the medieval manor function as a social and economical system?

Feudal Life Lords had knights who defended their land.

Also powerful Lords fortified their homes to withstand attack. These fortified homes were known as castles.

What do you think?

1. Why do you think people built castles during the Middle Ages?

2. Who do you think lived inside castles?

3. What do you think the land around castles was used for?

4. Why do you think people stopped building castles?

Castles Most lords had a small castle.

They provided shelter as well as protection for people on the manor. Defensive structures

Kings had larger castles designed to protect people of the kingdom.

Large towers. Most had drawbridges over a moat (ditch surrounding castle) Castles also included chapels, since religion was important

during the middle ages.

VIDEO

Knights and Chivalry Once someone became knighted they

became protectors of their king.

Knights had to live by a strict code known as chivalry.

Meant being an honorable, brave, loyal and true to their word.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO28lnjtsQc

Mini Review 21. Describe Viking Ships

2. Land granted to vassals

3. Main purpose of the creation of Feudalism

4. Peasant in the Feudal System were known as:

5. Controlled manors and pledged loyalty to the king.

6. Lesser lords who managed manors or fiefs.

The Medieval Church

The Catholic Church played an important role in Medieval life.

Because of hardships of everyday life, Christian teachings brought hopes of salvation (saved from sin) to people.

The church held the path to salvation.

Great deal of power.

The Medieval Church The church also played a critical role in politics

Educated church officials advised kings and nobles.

The pope became one of the most powerful figures in the world.

The Medieval Church Under Pope Gregory I(the Great) the

church began sending missionaries throughout Europe.

England and Germany.

They converted people and this began the church hierarchy.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcJgB94KQOM

Church Hierarchy

POPE

Cardinals

Bishops

Priests/monks

Feudalism vs. The Church Feudalism threatened the power of the

Church.WHY/HOW?

This led to clashes between the Pope and rulers of Europe.

To combat this Pope Gregory VII issued the Dictatus Papae.

This sought to give the Pope universal power through the church and the power to throw-out rulers of Christian countries.

Church Life In monasteries monks and nuns preserved

education. This led to church officials becoming intelligent

(smart) leaders Churches also set up schools to educate

young men for church service.

When Europe comes out of the Dark Ages, where do you think people will turn for

education and inspiration?

Benedictine Rule

530 a monk named Benedict organized the monastery of Monte Cassino in Southern Italy. He set up rules to regulate monastery life.

Under the Benedictine Rule monks and nuns took three vows. Obedience to the abbot or abbess (head monk or

head nun) Live in Poverty Chastity – no sexual relations

Cathedrals Cathedrals were built in a style that

became known as “Gothic”. They were known for their high ceilings

and large windows. They were built tall so that they could

reach the heavens and remind people of the power of God.

Cathedrals

Cathedrals were always built in the shape of a cross with the alter pointing towards the north. To the east was a stained glass window

that was illuminated in the morning. To the west was a stained glass window

that was illuminated in the evening.