the earth, an inhabited planet 1 eso

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UNIT 8: EARTH, AND INHABITED PLANET

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Page 1: The earth, an inhabited planet 1 ESO

UNIT 8: EARTH, AND INHABITED PLANET

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LO QUE TENGO QUE SABER DE ESTE TEMA

1) Conocer las características fundamentales que hacen de la Tierra un planeta habitable.

2)Conocer la unidad de composición de los seres vivos.3)Saber que todos los seres vivos están constituidos por células.4)Definir la célula como la unidad de organización y funcionamiento de los

seres vivos.5)Conocer las células procariota y eucariota.6)Explicar los dos tipos de nutrición: autótrofa y heterótrofa.7)Comprender la finalidad de las funciones de nutrición, relación y

reproducción, y relacionarla con la enorme diversidad de vida existente.8)Comprender las diferencias entre la reproducción sexual y la asexual.9)Reconocer la gran diversidad de seres vivos y su relación con el medio

ambiente.10)Comprender la importancia de la adaptación como fenómeno que

permite la diversificación de los seres vivos.

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1-LIFE ON EARTH

Characteristics of earth:

TEMPERATURETEMPERATUREATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

LIQUID WATERLIQUID WATER

IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OR LIFEIMPORTANT ELEMENTS OR LIFE

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2-LIVING BEINGS

Piensa y deduce página 152.

Living beings are those with life. This means that they perform a series of activities that allow them to live and adapt to the environment. These activities are called vital functions and are following:

NUTRITIONNUTRITIONINTERACTIONINTERACTION

REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

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LIVING THINGS NOT LIVING THINGS

Water

Fill the following gaps using the next words. Shark

BeeSpiderOakBacteriaWaterSmokeStoneCarRobot

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Fill in the chart answering “T (True) “ or “ F ( False) “

THING Does it breath and eat?

Does it move?

Does it reproduce?

Does ir detect changes around?

Is it a Living thing?

Lion

Chair

Car

Clam

Spider

Robot

Dog

Man

Fish

Shirt

Grass

Tree

Doll

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Indicate if the following sentences are true or false.

Plants do not move and they are not living thing.

TV speaks and for this reason is alive.

Robots have got all vital functions.

Clams ( almejas) do not have mouth, so they do not eat or feed.

Living things can detect changes in their environment

All living things have got 5 sense organs.

I am asleep and I don't know what I am answering

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2.1.- COMPOSITION OF LIVING BEINGS

Piensa y deduce página 153

CARBONCARBON

OXYGENOXYGEN

HYDROGENHYDROGEN

NITROGENNITROGEN

BIOELEMENTS99% LIVING BEINGS

BIOMOLECULES

WATERWATER MINERAL SALTSMINERAL SALTS

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDS, FATSLIPIDS, FATS PROTEINSPROTEINS

DNADNA

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2.1.- COMPOSITION OF LIVING BEINGS

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2.2.- UNIT OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING: THE CELL

CELLS forms all living beings. There are single-cell and multi-cell organisms.CELLS are the minimun part of a living being that is alive. CELLS multiply, they feed and they react to the environment.

Do you remember the name of the apparatuse we need to see cells?

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2.2.- UNIT OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING: THE CELL

STRUCTURE OF CELLS

All cells have:CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASMECYTOPLASMEORGANELLESORGANELLES

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2.2.- UNIT OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING: THE CELL

TYPES OF CELLS

PROCARYOTIC CELL: DNA is in the cytoplasme. Example: bacteria.

EUKARYOTIC CELL: they have the DNA inside a nucleous membrane. Example: animal and plant cells.

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2.2.- UNIT OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING: THE CELL

LEVELS OF CELLULAR ORGANISATION IN MULTI-CELL ORGANISMS

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EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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3.- FUNCTIONS OF LIVING THINGS

NUTRITION: nutrition is taking substances (food), transform them, and use them. Finally living things expel the waste matter.

Objetives of nutrition: Living things obtein the nutrients they need to renew and maintain their structures. And obtein energy to carry out the vital functions.

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3.- FUNCTIONS OF LIVING THINGS

REPRODUCTION: reproduction is producing new individualls similar to the parents. Objetives of reproduction: Reproduction ensure the continuation of life on Earth.

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REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL

La mayoría de los animales son ovíparos, es decir, nacen a partir de un huevo que eclosiona (se rompe desde dentro). Los huevos se desarrollan fuera del cuerpo de la madre. Otros animales, principalmente los mamíferos, nacen del vientre de la madre y se dice que son vivíparos. Un tercer tipo de animales, los ovovivíparos, nacen de un huevo que se desarrolla dentro de la madre, como ocurre en algunas especies de serpientes y salamandras.

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INTERACTION: living things grow and interact with the environment and other living things. ●Animals develops sensory organs and nervous system.●Plants respond to stimuli moving certain parts of the plant (leaves, flowers).

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4.-BIODIVERSITY

Piensa y deduce página 158.

Todos los seres vivos tienen un origen común.Desde que aparecieron han ido cambiando y se han adaptado al medio ambiente en el que viven. Los que no se adaptaron bien al medio se extinguieron. Debido a todos los cambios producidos en millones de años, la diversidad de seres vivos en el planeta es muy alta.

Biodiversidad: variedad de organismos vivos en el planeta.

Fósiles: restos de seres vivos, o de su actividad, conservados en el tiempoY que han pasado a formar parte de rocas.

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5.- DIVERSIDAD AMENAZADA

El 90% de los organismos que alguna vez han existido, se han extinguido por causas naturales. Una de las grandes extinciones provocó el fin de los dinosaurios.Actualmente se cree que existen dos millones de especies de seres vivos, aunque se piensa que esto es sólo el 10%.

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5.- DIVERSIDAD AMENAZADA

Causas de la pérdida de biodiversidad:●Causas naturales.●El hombre: talas de bosques tropicales, incendios, contaminación atmosférica y marina, etc.

Las especies en peligro de extinción son aquellas que si no se toman medidas se extinguirán en breve tiempo debido a que quedan muy pocos ejemplares.Algunas especies en peligro de extinción en España son:

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WORLD RECORDS

The cheetah is the fastest animal, it runs 97 kilometers per hour!

The blue whale is the biggest mammal to ever live on the Earth. It measures over 33 meters long! The Blue whale can be found in the

ocean.

Eventhough the whale is the biggest mammal, the African Elephant is also very big! It is the biggest mammal to live on land today.

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Giraffes also live in Africa. Giraffe's can grow up to 5.8 m. Giraffes are herbivores, meaning they eat plants rather than meat. They use

their long necks and tongues (which they can stick out up to a 40cm) to eat the leaves on trees.

Giraffes are a protected species. There are only around a 100,000 giraffes in the wild today.

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The world's smallest mammal is a bird and can fly. The bee hummingbird is about the size of a large bee. It looks like a bee,

but it's actually a BIRD! It's wings can beat at wings beat at 8–10 beats per second.

The sloth is the world's slowest mammal, so sedentary that algae grows on its furry coat. They live in south america and central

america. Sloths like warm weather.