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The Effect of Arousal/Anxiety on Performance

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Arousal: general physical/psychological activation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBlu8StfXtM (Haka) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBlu8StfXtM Anxiety: negative emotional interpretation of arousal 3 dimensions of anxiety Cognitive: worry, negative appraisal of self/future Somatic: physiological symptoms of stress State: tension, agitation, restlessness (physio/psycho) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG7v4y_xwzQ (inside the mind of a champion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG7v4y_xwzQ

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Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908) Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908) The inverted U Hypothesis All motor skills have an optimum arousal level Performance drops when arousal level exceeds or fails to approach this level Different activities, different optimal levels

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Catastrophe Model (Fazey & Hardy, 1988) When anxiety level exceeds the optimal level drop in performance is dramatic, not gradual http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3O-kYwM8qY (Quicksand) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3O-kYwM8qY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOzUUhX9Qr 4 (Adam Scott) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOzUUhX9Qr 4

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Optimal Arousal Theory Hanin (1997) Top athletes have own, individual zone of optimal anxiety When arousal level and cognitive anxiety level meet result is peak performance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuR9TJfW9vQ (Laettner) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuR9TJfW9vQ

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Role of Self Efficacy in Sport 4 Sources of Efficacy 1. Enactive Mastery Experience: practice/games give athlete most info on their capabilities 2. Observing Models: successful models increase efficacy 3. Verbal Persuasion: coaches, teammates, fans, self all effect efficacy (Jay Bilas example) 4. Interpretation of Arousal: dealing/coping with adversity improves with high self efficacy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPFOlXo7UPI (MJ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPFOlXo7UPI

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Research on Efficacy Fitzsimmons et al (1991): Self Efficacy Among Weightlifters Procedure: single max bench press followed by lifts either with more or less weightsubjects were deceived about the actual weight Results: subjects who were told the weight was less performed better (even if the weight was more), demonstration of increased confidence/efficacy